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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Brain stem audiometry and unconventional audiometry in small children--a comparison with pure-tone audiometry performed at a later time].

Auditory brain-stem responses (ABR) was performed in the determination of hearing threshold in 71 infants and children born 1980-1985, all belonging to high risk groups or difficult-to-test children (median age 17 months, range 2-80). In a follow up study, 41 of the children were tested with pure tone audiometry approximately 2 1/2 years later. A significant correlation was revealed between the threshold obtained by ABR and the pure tone threshold at 2 kHz (Kendall tau C = 0.59, p less than 0.00005). Compared to pure tone audiometry, the threshold had been estimated correctly by ABR in 81% of the patients (+/- 20 dB HL), in 2% the threshold had been estimated to be more than 20 dB better (false negative), while 17% had the threshold estimated more than 20 dB worse (false positive). The median difference between the thresholds obtained was -10 dB HL, the 25% percentile -20 dB HL and the 75% percentile 0 dB HL. In 28 children, behavioural audiometry and pure tone audiometry could be analyzed. 21% were false negative and 50% false positive. The result of the study indicates that ABR is a reliable testing procedure in the estimation of hearing thresholds in children who cannot cooperate sufficiently for pure tone audiometry. ABR gives a more valid estimation of the hearing than behavioural audiometry and is therefore a most valuable testing procedure in paediatric audiology.

Audiometry, Evoked Response↗
PubMed1975

A comparison of pure-tone thresholds as measured by delayed feedback audiometry, electrodermal response audiometry, and voluntary response audiometry.

One hundred unselected patients seen for medical-legal evaluation were tested for pure-tone thresholds by delayed feedback audiometry (DFA), electrodermal response audiometry (EDRA), and voluntary response audiometry (VRA). The EDRA method was successful in 73% of the patients while the DFA method was successful in 88% of the patients. Eighty-six percent of the DFA thresholds obtained were within 10 dB of the patients' VRA thresholds. When both DFA and EDRA were successful, 88% of the DFA thresholds were within 10 dB of the EDRA thresholds. Ninety-six percent of the EDRA thresholds obtained were within 10 dB of the patients' VRA thresholds. Although DFA is not as precise in predicting threshold as is EDRA, it is successful in a significantly greater number of patients than is EDRA and is a useful clinical tool in medical-legal evaluation for hearing loss.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1986

[Prediction of speech audiometry as compared to pure-tone audiometry in the estimation of the importance of noise].

The fitness of the Belgian Air Force pilots is ruled by Royal Decrees which prescribe the tolerated tonal hearing-loss. The tonal audiometry gives only the audiometry threshold of some frequencies. Vocal audiometry, with or without masking, gives elements of audition, understanding, discrimination and integration of the examined patient. We advise a vocal control for each patient who might be put aside of his professional environment according to his tonal audiometry. Complementary examination should allow to not turn down definitely experienced pilots with a bad tonal threshold but with good psycho-acoustic performance. We have selected and tested by tonal and vocal audiometry fifty pilots of the Belgian Air Force with a tonal hearing-loss which, according to the actual medico-legal criteria, should have limited flight aptitudes. Using the method of multiple regression we developed a probability formula based on the tonal threshold which gives us the vocal threshold. According to this study the frequencies 500 and 1000 Hz play a major role in the understanding of the human voice, this with or without a simultaneous masking. Each subject whose arithmetical average of tonal hearing-loss on the frequencies 500 and 1000 Hz is equal or superior to 15 dB, should be deeply controlled on his vocal performances. Our probability formula establishes indeed that those subjects have higher understanding risk problems. The method of multiple regressions has allowed us to establish that the discrimination of sensorineural hearing-impaired listeners in noisy environment is significatively less than the one of normal persons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Determination of hearing loss and disability assessment from pure tone audiometry and speech audiometry in occupational noise-induced hearing loss].

BACKGROUND: Occupational hearing loss is the most accepted occupational disease. The assessment should be conducted in accordance with the "Königsteiner Merkblatt" which appeared in the fourth completely revised edition in 1996. Determination of degree of disability is mainly based on speech audiometry. Adapted complete word understanding is most important. In special cases only sinus-tone audiometry is used for the assessment. Knowledge about common and uncommon schedules is important for the assessment. METHODS AND PATIENTS: The results of 200 audio metrical examinations in case of professional hearing loss have been evaluated with eight different schedules. Four of these schedules for determination of hearing loss are based on sinus tone audiometry. Boenninghaus and Röser's schedule uses speech audiometry under consideration of simple and adapted complete word understanding. Lehnhardt's schedule uses sinus-tone and speech audiometry for determination of degree of disability. Further on it is shown that the complete word understanding is the most important parameter for the quantitative determination of permanent noise induced hearing loss. It is even possible to determine the degree of disablement only using the complete word understanding. For all cases, the eight schedules were used to calculate the average hearing loss and the average degree of disability. Further on it was shown in how many cases-according to each schedule-a degree of disability of less than 10%, 10 to 15%, 20%, and more than 20% was calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Comparing these eight schedules, it was shown that the use of adaptec complete word understanding increases the number of cases with 10% and 20% degree of disability. Using Röser's schedule of 1980, the number of minimal handicap increases. With the new "Königsteiner Merkblatt" a 10% degree of disability is reached more easily than it was previously.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed1982

Comparison between brainstem-evoked response audiometry and behavioral audiometry in 270 infants and children.

The authors refer their results obtained with brainstem-evoked response audiometry (BSERA) and behavioral audiometry in a group of 270 children (aged from 6 months to 12 years) divided into subjects with (group A) and without (group B) reliable audiograms. In group A an agreement between the two methods was found in 77% of cases and a serious discrepancy in 5%. In group B an agreement was found only in 34% of cases, while a serious discrepancy was found in 20% of the children. BSERA was useful because many diagnostic mistakes were avoided. The authors think that BSERA is a reliable technique, as their data show, but in at least 4 cases they found that BSERA gave a hearing level much higher than that obtained with behavioral audiometry or that observed in the children's responses to everyday sounds. Since click gives only partial information of the tonal field and because it is possible to make technical mistakes, the authors believe that BSERA must not be used as the only diagnostic test but that it should be part of a test battery which includes, at least, behavioral audiometry and impedance audiometry.

Audiometry↗
PubMed2002

A comparison of audiometry and audiometry with tympanometry to determine middle ear status in school-age children.

Otitis media with effusion is the most common cause of fluctuating hearing loss in children. Pure-tone audiometry is the current mandated standard to determine hearing loss in public-school children in most states. Students who fail pure tone audiometry are at risk for otitis media with effusion because it is asymptomatic. Tympanometry, which assesses middle ear status, is used to detect hidden otitis media with effusion. This longitudinal study evaluated pure tone audiometry and tympanometry in preschool and elementary children (n = 141). Results found 12 children (23 ears) who failed either a second threshold or tympanometry. The study also showed that a greater number of ears were identified with otitis media with effusion (n = 19) by using pure tone audiometry and tympanometry than byusing pure tone audiometry alone (n = 4).

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1989

[Audiometry findings, speech, impedance audiometry and BERA in acoustic neurinoma].

Audiometric examinations are essential in the diagnosis of acoustic neuroma. Experience with the diagnosis of 41 neurinomas of the acoustic nerve show, however, that the tactics of audiometric examinations vary from one case to the other. The basic examination is in all instances an accurate examination of the threshold of hearing. When the threshold is normal or there are slight or medium severe losses on the side of the lesion, the tympanogram, impedance and speech audiometry and BERA are supreme examinations and all other audiometric examinations are redundant. For BERA alone limiting losses are above 3000 to 4000 Hz. As soon as they pass at the above frequencies the borderline of 60 dB HL in proportion to the magnitude of these losses the amount of falsely positive findings increases rapidly and the importance of BERA in the diagnosis declines. The same applies to impedance audiometry if major losses interfere with medium and lower frequencies. In all these instances the importance of speech audiometry as well as of STAT (Supra Threshold Adaptation Test) increases, i.e. of traditional audiometric examinations, the latter of which can be used successfully also in very high losses round 80-90 dB HL.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1999

The effects of midazolam on pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and audiological reaction times in human volunteers.

UNLABELLED: Auditory evoked potentials are effected by benzodiazepines, as is cortical processing of auditory stimuli. The effect of benzodiazepines on auditory sensitivity has not, however, been studied. We designed the present study to investigate the effect of sedative doses of midazolam on pure tone and speech audiometry and on audiological reaction times in healthy volunteers. Thirty volunteers underwent baseline audiological assessment for pure tones and speech and had their audiological reaction times measured at 10 and 50 dB above their threshold hearing level at a frequency of 1 kHz. Subjects were then randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group A (n = 15) received midazolam (0.04 mg/kg) IV, and Group B (n = 15) received a similar volume of placebo IV. The audiological tests were repeated 5 min later, and performance was compared with baseline data. Scheffé post hoc tests were used to assess the significance of changes in each group. There was no pre- to posttest change in audiological performance in either the placebo group (P = 0.194) or the midazolam group (P = 0.957). Speech audiometry performance was likewise unaffected by midazolam (P = 0.154). Reaction time at the 10-dB and 50-dB sensation levels were both significantly prolonged after midazolam administration (P = 0.023 and P = 0.012, respectively). In this study, we demonstrate that sedation with midazolam (0.04 mg/kg) does not alter pure tone or speech audiometric thresholds, but it does significantly delay the reaction time to auditory stimuli. Medical practitioners should advise midazolam-sedated patients of their impaired reaction to auditory warning signals (e.g., traffic and car horns) as part of the day-ward discharge recommendations. IMPLICATIONS: In this study, we demonstrate that sedation of healthy volunteers with the benzodiazepine midazolam, in the common clinical dosage, does not affect their hearing capability as measured by pure tone and speech audiometry. However, one's ability to react to auditory signals is impaired after midazolam, which may have implications for patients after day-case procedures.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High-frequency audiometry in young and older adults when conventional audiometry is normal.

UNLABELLED: High-frequency audiometry can detect early changes in auditory sensitivity resulting from processes such as aging. Nonetheless its use is still limited, and additional studies are required to establish its use, particularly among older adults. AIM: To compare pure tone thresholds for frequencies from 250 Hz to 16 kHz in young and older adults, with or without audiologic complaints. METHOD: Pure tone sensitivity to 250 Hz to 16 kHz was assessed with an AC-40 audiometer in 64 adults, evenly distributed in young (25 to 35 years-old) and older (45 to 55 years-old) adults of both sexes. This is a cross-sectional study. RESULTS: Although all participants presented normal audiometry in frequencies from 250 Hz to 8 kHz, according to clinical parameters, older adults had significantly higher thresholds compared to young adults, according to statistical parameters, with greater significance in higher frequencies (8 to 16 kHz). Presence or absence of clinical complaints did not distinguish thresholds. CONCLUSIONS: The process of auditory aging, including loss of sensitivity to higher frequencies, can be detected at earlier ages than those usually investigated. High frequency audiometry is an important instrument to distinguish auditory sensitivity in young and older adults, even for those considered as audiologically normal.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Audiometry in general practice: validation of a pragmatic pure-tone audiometry method.

The aim of this study was to validate the results of diagnostic pure-tone audiometry performed in a typical practice setting by comparing with test results obtained in a standardized audiological setting in accordance with the ISO standards. In a single-blinded crossover design, 119 persons were tested (0.25-8 kHz) in both settings. The mean deviations as a function of frequency were in the order of less than 2 dB (0.5-4 kHz) and otherwise up to 4 dB; the practice setting representing the poorer thresholds. The validity of the practice audiometry at three criteria of hearing impairment (0.5-4 kHz) was characterized by sensitivity (82-100%), specificity (95-99%); positive predictive values (75-90%) and negative predictive values (98-100%) focusing on the better ear. It is concluded that pure-tone audiometry of appropriate validity can be performed in general practice and that it is useful in selecting patients with no need of further audiological examination. Guidelines are needed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relations between electric response audiometry, conventional audiometry and psychodiagnostic examinations in hearing-impaired children.

To obtain a more objective determination of the hearing loss and thereby a more effective therapy, we compared the results of conventional audiometry (reflex and behavioural audiometry) with electric response audiometry (ERA) results in 522 children whose median age was 3 years. ERA threshold was more sensitive at 10.8 +/- 17.5 dB. The mean difference and its standard deviation are both much greater for the younger children and particularly for non-cooperative children, but neither relates clearly to intelligence. In the case of 'difficult-to-test' children (due to behavioural disturbance, mental retardation or brain damage), we carried out a psychological examination consisting of several special non-verbal tests. 62.7% of children with IQs under 70 needed sedation; for the children whose IQs lay above 70, this proportion was only 37.3%. Our artefact rejection system greatly reduced the percentage of sedations required, particularly for children under 3 years of age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Audiometric study of the neonate: impedance audiometry. Behavioural responses and brain stem audiometry.

The following clinical measurements of acoustic impedance were carried out successfully on 25 neonates. Average compliance was 0.48 cm3, with a range from 0.28 to 0.81 cm3. Tympanometry showed a high percentage of maximum compliance curves with positive pressures. In a notably high percentage, the stapedial reflex was combined with generalized body movements and was therefore considered a behavioural response. Behavioural responses of the child were also observed separately. Ipsilateral stimulation did not evoke a measurable stapedius reflex in any of the cases, but with contralateral stimulation some babies did show this reflex. The most intense behavioural responses occurred when white noise was used as the stimulus. Of the 25 children studied with impedance audiometry, 10 were evaluated audiologically by brain stem electric potentials. The latency of wave V was within the normal range in all the cases. Electric response audiometry could be a promising method for audiological evaluation of the neonate.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1989

A comparison of self recording audiometry in naval establishments and clinical audiometry in a hospital setting.

Following the introduction of self-recording audiometers into regular use in non-hospital Royal Naval medical facilities, there has been an increase in the rate of detection of hearing losses and consequent referral for formal audiometry and ENT evaluation at Naval Hospitals. Forty-two sets of audiograms have been examined and the hearing thresholds obtained by the two methods compared. The value of self-recording audiometry even in the often imperfect audiometric conditions available in a Naval sick bay has been confirmed and the midpoint of the tracing established as a reliable indicator of the hearing threshold.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1993

[Relation between pure tone audiometry and speech audiometry in various hearing-impaired listeners].

Pure tone audiometry and speech audiometry were performed in 30 normal-hearing listeners and 75 listeners suffering from conductive, sensorineural hearing loss or presbyacusia. The results were as follows: (1) For listeners with conductive or mild sensorineural hearing loss, or with mild presbyacusia, the difference between speech reception thresholds (SRT) and pure tone averages (PTA) was not significant (P > 0.05). (2) For listeners with profound sensorineural hearing loss or presbyacusia, the SRT were about 10 dB greater than the PTA. (3) The maximum discrimination score (PBXax) measurements should be made at a comfortable intensity for each listener, some 30 dB above the SRT in general. We conclude that the PTA can replace the SRT directly for the listeners described in (1) or that the PTA, by adding 10 dB, can also be used as a replacement of the SRT for the listeners described in (2).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Dilemmas in auditory assessment of developmentally retarded children using behavioural observation audiometry and brain stem evoked response audiometry.

The records of 94 consecutive developmentally retarded children with speech retardation and suspected hearing loss who underwent auditory assessment by both conventional behavioural observation audiometry (BOA) and brain stem evoked response audiometry (BERA) were analysed. In 54 children (57.4 per cent) there was good agreement between the results of both techniques leading to a clearcut diagnosis. In 22 children a diagnosis was possible only by the results of BERA as the results of BOA were inconclusive. Of the remaining 18 children, two groups could be identified whose results posed a dilemma. Group 1 (n = 7) consisted of children whose BOA test results differed considerably from their BERA results. Group 2 (n = 11) consisted of children in whom there was no discernible response by BERA while the response by BOA was either inconsistent (n = 5) or not elicitable (n = 6). The specific strategies to be adopted for hearing assessment in these situations are discussed.

Audiometry, Evoked Response↗