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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Therapeutic principle of organ replacement--artificial organs].

The natural or artificial replacement of organs provides the aimed influence on terminal phases of organ diseases. The hitherto obtained solutions for the replacement in diseases of kidneys, the heart, the lungs, the pancreas and the liver are developed in a different way. For the natural replacement of organs ameliorations in the fields of recipient conditioning, immunotherapy, prophylaxis against infections in operative and technical prerequisites given are subject of further efforts. The complex of problems artificial replacement of organs in the sense of the influence on global and partial organ dysfunctions organ-related reveals different consideration and development. The most advanced perfectioning is existing for the artificial kidney. The elementary and relatively high need of replacement of organs is another challenge to medical and technological sciences.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Quality of life. Organ transplantation and artificial organs.

Changes in quality of life for patients who require transplantation or permanent artificial organ support begin with the onset of serious organ dysfunction. These changes, which initially are almost universally negative, greatly affect close family members as well as the patient. To the extent that alternate therapies are available, transplantation appears preferable to chronic artificial organ support in allowing the patient to return to work, to school, or to similar self-selected activities. There is some evidence that transplant and artificial organ patients may describe their subjective well-being more positively than would be anticipated from objective data. There is also evidence, at least for hemodialysis patients, that this satisfaction is time-limited. The right to choose death over life dependent on a machine is being exercised by some alert patients as well as by family members and attending physicians when the patient is not competent. Little data is available regarding the long-range impact of transplantation or artificial organ support on members of the patients' families, but in the author's experience one characteristic predominates. To the extent that the life-extending therapy can be forgotten, or is non-intrusive, for days or weeks at a time, as can be the case with transplantation, family functioning returns to normal. The adjustments needed to cope successfully with the stresses of the acute phase are completed. To the extent that reminders and uncertainties of the therapy are chronically present, family interaction continues to center upon (or is designed to avoid) the patient. The family's resilience and capacity to maintain its integrity diminish with each new stressful event.

Artificial Organs↗
PubMed2003

The artificial organ museum in Cleveland (1979-1999) moved to Houston, Texas, and named in 2002 as the ICMT Museum for Artificial Organs.

The artificial organ museum established in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1979 organized by the International Center for Artificial Organs and Transplantation (ICAOT), was moved to Houston, Texas, in 1999. The museum with expanded and renewed artificial organ exhibits was officially opened on the 8th and 9th of November, 2002, at the Cullen Pavilion of the original Memorial Hermann Hospital. This building is the oldest in the Texas Medical Center, which was built in 1922. The ICMT (International Center for Medical Technologies) Museum for Artificial Organs (Museum) was completed after phase I, II, and III expansions of the exhibit booths, which were made over the last two years. Approximately 250 historically important and currently widely used artificial organs are exhibited in the Museum. The official opening of the Museum was coordinated with the "Symposium on Artificial Organs: Past, Present, and Future" during two days in November. There were approximately 225 participants at these events, and approximately 40 pioneers and clinical experts in the development and practice of various types of artificial organs contributed. During these programs, a proposal to maintain human resources in addition to artificial organ hardware and software was made in addition to the Museum. This new organization would be called the International Academy of Artificial Organ Pioneers (Academy). All contributors to the symposium were invited to be members of the Academy. The attendants of the symposium accepted this proposal unanimously. An additional 40 individuals, who were recognized as contributors to artificial organ technologies, were later added to the original Academy members. Later, the effective utilization of the Museum and Academy was encompassed in the International Faculty for Health and Medical Technologies (Faculty), a new addition to the activities of the ICMT. Dr. Michael DeBakey was elected as Dean of the Faculty. This is considered a "university without walls," a "university linked to the world," and a "university providing simultaneous teaching at multiple sites"--a completely new concept in teaching tools for medical technologies. All of these subsidiary organizations of the ICMT were legally included as nonprofit, nontaxable charity organizations of the state of Texas.

Artificial Organs↗
PubMed1995

From wooden limbs to biomaterial organs: the ethics of organ replacement and artificial organs.

This paper discussed issues of ethical assessment and moral concern associated with organ replacement and physical enhancement: research, allocation, organ donation, artificial organs, xenografts, biomaterials, and neuromaterials. While emphasizing the medical and moral benefits over associated risks, it calls for a better integration of moral assessment into technology assessment and for the establishment of a cross-cultural and interdisciplinary International Ethics Committee for Organ Replacement Therapy.

Artificial Limbs↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Implantable biohybrid artificial organs.

Biohybrid artificial organs encompass all devices which substitute for an organ or tissue function and incorporate both synthetic materials and living cells. This review concerns implantable immunoisolation devices in which the tissue is protected from immune rejection by enclosure within a semipermeable membrane. Two critical areas are discussed in detail: (i) Device design and performance as it relates to maintenance of cell viability and function. Attention is focussed on oxygen supply limitation and how it is affected by tissue density and the development of materials that induce neovascularization at the host tissue-membrane interface; and (ii) Protection from immune rejection. Our current knowledge of the mechanisms that may be operative in immune rejection in the presence of a semipermeable membrane barrier is limited. Nonetheless, recent studies shed light on the role played by membrane properties in preventing immune rejection, and many studies demonstrate substantial progress towards clinically useful implantable immunoisolation devices.

Animals↗