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Results for “ARBOVIRUS INFECTIONS”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Cellular resistance to arbovirus infection.

When an arbovirus enters an arthropod in an infected blood meal, several mechanisms may interact to affect its life cycle and ultimate transmissibility. Intrinsic absolute failure in the establishment of infection must be contrasted with infection that is successfully established but is variably modulated in its viral yield throughout the vector's life-span. Degrees of vertebrate host resistance make this modulation a central factor in determining whether an arthropod is an important vector in nature; moreover, human intervention that affects modulating mechanisms may become a basis for disease control. In the absence of evidence of real immune resistance to arbovirus infections in arthropods, other more primitive modulating mechanisms must be considered: interferonlike substances may be formed in arthropod cells; arthropod cells may "cure" themselves by a unique endophagocytic digestion of their virus burden; homologous interference with viral replicative processes may be mediated via wild or mutant viral RNA species acting to shut down further RNA synthesis; and homologous interference may be mediated by RNA of defective-interfering virus formed earlier in infection.

Aedes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Radioimmunologic analysis for the rapid diagnosis of arbovirus infections].

The employment of radioimmunoassay (RIA) allows arbovirus infections to be diagnosed at an early stage of the illness. In the present study the best variant of RIA was determined with regard to its practical use in rapid diagnosis of some arbovirus infections and its superiority over CFT, HI, IHA, IF. The method was shown to be highly specific and sensitive for qualitative studies of specimens from natural foci of arboviruses and for timely diagnosis of human illnesses.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Research on arbovirus infections].

The author presents the results of researches done at the "Stefan S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology in Bucharest on the infections induced by arboviruses. The characteristics of three tick encephalitis virus strains (two strains isolated from Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus ticks and one from a patient with encephalitis symptoms) are given. Most of the report is devoted to the results of serological survey conducted in a human population, in several domestic birds and mammals from some districts of Romania, as well as in migratory birds from the Danube delta, with regards to the incidence of some Toga-, Bunya- and Reoviruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Epidemiological investigations on arbovirus infections at Igbo-Ora, Nigeria.

A study of arbovirus infections occurring in Igbo-Ora community was carried out between May and October 1975. Haemagglutination inhibition test performed on seventy-eight human sera showed a high prevalence of antibodies against all the six arboviruses used. Percentage of positive sera were as follows: Chikungunya, (28%); Yellow fever (36%); Dengue type 1 (67%); Dengue type 2 (45%). Prevalence of HI antibodies to West Nile and Wesselsbron viruses were 44% and 59% respectively. Virus isolation studies carried out on 148 blood samples yielded three viruses: Yellow fever, Dengue type 1 and Zika. Antibody conversions to these three viruses were demonstrated in seven persons within the period of study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1970

The platelet aggregation test in group B arbovirus infections.

A new serological method, the platelet aggregation (PA) test, was used to study Group B arbovirus infections, which are often associated with thrombocytopenia. The method is based on the interaction of antigen-antibody complexes with platelets. The PA test was nearly as good as the haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test for epidemiological studies of tick-borne encephalitis (16 out of 18 HI positive sera) and was superior to the complement-fixation test which was positive in 10 out of 18 HI positive sera. The PA test could be used in the serological diagnosis of Group B arbovirus infection. The titres with the PA test were of the same magnitude as the HI titres, and about ten times higher than the CF titres. Two pairs of dengue haemorrhagic fever sera showed high initial PA titres. The role of immune complexes in the pathogenesis of haemorrhagic fevers is discussed.

Antigen-Antibody Reactions↗
PubMed1986

Post-encephalitic epilepsy and arbovirus infections in an isolated rainforest area of central Liberia.

Among a population of 4.436 Bassa, Kpelle and Mano people in the Gbawein and Wroughbarh Clan region of Grand Bassa Country, Liberia, 123 cases of epilepsy could be documented. In 38% of these cases infections involving the central nervous system precipitated the onset of seizures. Sera from 67 epilepsy patients, 50 direct healthy relatives and 22 geographically matched controls were tested for antibodies to 16 arboviruses of the Togaviridae and Bunyaviridae known to occur in Africa. Antibodies to arboviruses were found in 16.5% of the epilepsy patients, 36% of the mostly older family members, and in 22% of the controls. Males and females were equally affected as were the different clans and language groups. Although meningoencephalitis with sequelae, like seizures, are known to result from arbovirus infections, no evidence for a correlation between epilepsy in this are of Central Liberia and previous arbovirus infection could be established.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Arbovirus infections. From virus, mosquitoes, animals and humans].

Arboviruses occur throughout the world in plants and animals: reptiles, birds and mammals including man. These relatively recent RNA-containing viruses have great evolutionary potential and are a major cause of epidemics. Arboviruses exhibit a dual life cycle involving continual transmission to and from the vertebrate host and arthropod vector which ingests or inoculates the agent during blood meals. Agents belong to many different viral families and represent an important source of emerging diseases. Because of the mode of transmission is vectorial, spread can enhanced by man-made changes in the ecosystem. This risk is often underestimated. The population explosion provides a great opportunity for the progression of these arboviruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

Human immunoglobulin specificity after group B arbovirus infections.

Sera obtained during a dengue-2 epidemic from individuals with primary or secondary group B arbovirus infections contained cross-reactive antibody against several viruses in this group. Hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers of the immunoglobulin M fractions from these sera revealed a rise in antibody specific for dengue-2. The acute and convalescent sera in over half of the secondary infection group also had low-level unchanging immunoglobulin M antibody titers to yellow fever which implicated yellow fever immunization as the primary infection.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1990

Effects of house sparrow age and arbovirus infection on attraction of mosquitoes.

To test the hypothesis that arbovirus infection or advancing age increases the attractiveness of avian hosts to vector mosquitoes, we used an olfactometer that measures the response of mosquitoes to the passive, vertical diffusion of host-related cues. St. Louis encephalitis or western equine encephalomyelitis virus infection in house sparrows (Passer domesticus (L.], regardless of age, had no detectable effect on Culex quinquefasciatus Say or Cx. tarsalis Coquillett attraction, respectively, at close range. Sparrow age, however, was associated positively with increased Cx. quinquefasciatus attraction; i.e., nestlings were significantly less attractive than adults, and there was a trend for increased mosquito attraction as nestling age increased. When birds were examined in groups, attraction was not equal to the sum of the individual birds in the group. Nestlings, either alone or in a group, were less attractive than a single adult. One adult plus three older nestlings were more attractive than one adult with three young nestlings, but no more attractive than one adult alone. We speculate on the epidemiological significance of these laboratory results to arbovirus epizootic transmission.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Arbovirus infection in a Murray Valley community. I. Prevalence of antibodies, December, 1974.

A survey of antibodies to Group A and Group B arboviruses (also designated as alphaviruses and flaviviruses respectively) was performed in residents of a Murray Valley town eight months after an outbreak of arbovirus illnesses in other parts of the region. The sampling pattern was based upon a random selection of households. The prevalence of Group A antibodies rose steadily with relation to age. The prevalence of Group B antibodies was much lower in all age groups, and did not show such a consistent rise with age. No Group B antibodies were found in younger residents. This suggests either an unexpectedly rapid decay of the particular type of antibody in this age group, or regional variations in the prevalence of arbovirus which are not currently understood. Some individuals appear to be unusually exposed to arbovirus infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Detection and characteristics of foci of arbovirus infection in the Kazakh region].

Complex studies carried out on the territory of Kazakhstan have allowed one to detect arboviruses, heretofore unknown in the republic, to determine their role in human infectious pathology and to obtain additional data on the ecology of viruses causing tick-borne encephalitis and Crimean hemorrhagic fever under the conditions of different geographical zones in the republic. On the basis of the results thus obtained the map indicating the spread of arbovirus infections and their causative agents on the territory of the Kazakh SSR has been drawn. This map may serve as a practical aid in organizing antiepidemic measures.

Animals↗
PubMed1964

SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF ARBOVIRUS INFECTION IN THE SEMINOLE INDIANS OF SOUTHERN FLORIDA.

A serological survey of the Seminole Indians in south Florida for evidence of exposure to arbovirus infection indicated not only past infection with the recognized North American encephalitis viruses-a high incidence for St. Louis encephalitis-but exposure to a Bunyamwera group agent and to Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, activity of which had not been previously recognized north of Panama.

Animals↗