Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “APHTHOID”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Expression of adhesion molecules and HLA-DR by macrophages and dendritic cells in aphthoid lesions of Crohn's disease: an immunocytochemical study.

The phenotypes and ultrastructure of macrophages and dendritic cells in aphthoid lesions of the colon were immunocytochemically observed in patients with Crohn's disease. Biopsy specimens were endoscopically obtained from both aphthoid and advanced lesions in Crohn's disease patients. Biopsy specimens obtained from patients with infectious colitis and from normal individuals served as controls. Aphthoid lesions contained densely aggregated CD68+ macrophages, which were surrounded by numerous ID-1+ dendritic cells. In the normal controls and infectious colitis patients, however, a few scattered CD68+ macrophages and ID-1+ dendritic cells were noted beneath the surface epithelium. CD3+ lymphocytes were significantly increased in both aphthoid and advanced lesions of Crohn's disease, but the CD4/CD8 ratio was similar in all groups studied. The double immunoperoxidase staining method revealed that both CD68+ macrophages and ID-1+ dendritic cells in the aphthoid lesions simultaneously expressed ICAM-1 and HLA-DR antigens. Electronmicroscopic observation revealed that CD68+ macrophages had numerous vesicles and lysosomal granules and few projections, and that ID-1+ dendritic cells had appreciable cytoplasmic protrusions with a few vacuoles. These findings suggested that the colonic mucosa in Crohn's disease contained two types of macrophage/dendritic cells in the same lineage that expressed intercellular adhesion molecules and class-II MHC antigens. It also appeared that the aphthoid lesions of Crohn's disease featured an increase in macrophages and dendritic cells consistent with immunological activation.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Aphthoid ulcers in Crohn disease: radiographic course and relationship to bowel appearance.

The relationship of aphthoid ulcers to the appearance of the colon in 14 patients with Crohn disease was determined by retrospective evaluation of radiographs obtained over several years during which various therapeutic regimens had been undertaken. The numbers and locations of the ulcers on the first radiographic examination were recorded and compared with the numbers and sizes on each subsequent examination. The appearance of the bowel area containing aphthoid ulcers was evaluated in comparison with ulcer-free areas. No attempt was made to correlate the course of ulceration with the therapeutic regimen. Results indicate that the fate of aphthoid ulcers is unpredictable. No significant correlation was found between changes in the appearance of the bowel and the numbers and locations of ulcers. Aphthoid ulcers can remain in the colon for years despite worsening or lessening of disease in other bowel segments. In some instances, the bowel segment containing ulcers became frankly diseased; in others, the ulcers disappeared and surrounding tissue appeared normal.

Colonic Diseases↗
PubMed1977

Aphthoid ulcers in Crohn's colitis.

Aphthoid ulceration is a strong indication and the earliest radiographic sign of Crohn's colitis. These small discrete ulcers were found by double contrast barium enema examination in 40 out of 91 patients with Crohn's colitis. Seen en face each ulcer appears as a central fleck of barium surrounded by a translucent halo set amidst a patch of normal mucosa. Their detection gives a more accurate assessment of the extent of disease. This information is required in order to plan medical or surgical treatment and can only be provided by meticulous double contrast examination or colonoscopy. Aphthoid ulceration has been demonstrated prior to the onset of bowel symptoms, and several years before the advent of severe colonic disease. The appearance of aphthoid ulcers in established quiescent disease has been observed to herald a relapse. The radiographic demonstration of the evolution of ulceration, which is illustrated, closely reflects what is seen on macroscopic examination of excised specimens and explains the characteristic patchiness and discontinuity of disease.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1991

Temporal changes in the clinical type or diagnosis of Behçet's colitis in patients with aphthoid or punched-out colonic ulcerations.

The intestinal lesion of Behçet's colitis shows aphthoid or punched-out ulceration. However, the diagnosis of Behçet's colitis should be based on the presence of other stigmata of Behçet's syndrome, since these morphological characteristics are not pathognomonic by themselves. Furthermore, the stigmata of Behçet's syndrome could appear simultaneously or separately with intervals of several months to years. Besides, when a physician first meets patients with intestinal ulcerations of aphthoid or punched-out shape, if they do not have any stigma of Behçet's syndrome, the physician has some difficulty in making a diagnosis of Behçet's colitis. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the followings: 1) The upgrade in clinical type of Behçet's colitis with the advance of time. 2) What portion of the patients with aphthoid or punched-out ulcerations, but without any other clinical feature of Behçet's syndrome, could be diagnosed as Behçet's colitis with the advance of time? During the mean follow-up period of 38.2 months, 4 (22.2%) out of 18 patients with Behçet's colitis upgraded their clinical types. In the nonspecific ileocolitis group, who had no major stigma of Behçet's syndrome on their initial visit, 3 (30%) out of 10 patients were subsequently diagnosed as Behçet's colitis during the mean follow-up period of 33.3 months. From these results, we could conclude that in possible or suspicious cases of Behçet's colitis, a more confident diagnosis could be made by close observations for new developments of major stigma of Behçet's syndrome. Even in cases of nonspecific ileocolitis, the diagnosis of Behçet's colitis could be made in a significant number of cases as time goes by.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The significance of colonic mucosal lymphoid hyperplasia and aphthoid ulcers in Crohn's disease.

OBJECTIVE: To access concordance between radiological severity of aphthae and the more advanced features of Crohn's disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 75 patients with an established diagnosis of Crohn's disease, we evaluated the radiological severity of colonic aphthae by meticulous double-contrast radiography. The degree of aphthae was defined as follows: AE0 = no lesions; AE1 = small nodules without barium flecks (lymphoid hyperplasia); AE2 = minute barium flecks < or = 1 mm in size with a translucent halo (umbilical or eroded lymphoid hyperplasia); AE3 = barium flecks varying from 2 mm to 5 mm in size (typical aphthoid ulcerations). We compared the degree of the lesions to the disease activity, and reviewed these sequential changes during a mean interval of 10 months. RESULTS: AE3 lesions were more prevalent than AE1 or AE2 lesions in patients with active colitis. AE1 or AE2 lesions were found regardless of the involved bowel sites or the disease activity. Of 44 patients receiving a nutritional diet, 26 patients showed regression of the lesions although most of the patients still exhibited AE1 or AE2 lesions. In two of eight patients without the treatment, the lesions progressed. CONCLUSION: In Crohn's disease, development of aphthoid ulcers is associated with disease activity; lymphoid hyperplasia may exist independently of disease activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Radiological demonstration of colonic aphthoid ulcers in a patient with intestinal tuberculosis.

The case is described of a young Asian woman with massive rectal haemorrhage during and after pregnancy. Barium radiology showed aphthoid ulcers in the colon and changes in the ileum suggesting tuberculosis. Colonoscopy revealed hyperplastic ulceration in the terminal ileum and culture of biopsies from this area grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The patient made a full and rapid recovery on anti-tuberculous therapy. Colonic aphthoid ulceration has not previously been recorded, radiologically, in intestinal tuberculosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Pathogenesis of aphthoid ulcers in Crohn's disease: correlative findings by magnifying colonoscopy, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry.

BACKGROUND: The mechanism of ulceration in Crohn's disease remains unknown. AIMS: To clarify the role of the follicle associated epithelium (FAE) of colonic lymphoid nodules in the formation of ulcers in Crohn's disease. METHODS: After identification of colonic lymphoid nodules and aphthoid lesions by magnifying colonoscopy, 76 biopsy specimens were obtained from 10 patients with Crohn's disease and three patients with colonic lymphoid hyperplasia. This study correlated magnifying colonoscopic, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical findings of biopsy specimens. RESULTS: In Crohn's disease, scanning electron microscopy of lymphoid nodules surrounded by a red halo without visible erosions by magnifying colonoscopy, showed surface erosions 150-200 microns in size. These lymphoid nodules with red halos had small erosions either light microscopically or electron microscopically in 18 of 21 specimens (86%). Correlation of scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed residues of FAE including M cells at the edges of the erosions. In immunohistochemical studies, HLA-DR antigen was limited in M cells of FAE in the patients with lymphoid hyperplasia without inflammatory bowel disease. In Crohn's disease patients in remission, however, HLA-DR antigen was strongly expressed over the entire FAE of lymphoid nodules with a red halo endoscopically, while the expression was weak and irregular in the mucosa surrounding the lymphoid nodules. HLA-DR was strongly expressed in the entire inflamed colonic mucosa in the active stage. CONCLUSION: The red halo appearance surrounding lymphoid follicles seems to precede visible aphthoid ulcers and suggests that ulcerations in Crohn's disease originate from FAE, possibly related to its physiological role as a portal of entry for potentially pathogenic agents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Aphthoid ulceration of the colon in strongyloidiasis.

In humans, infestation with Strongyloides stercoralis most commonly involves the upper small intestine. We describe a 65-yr-old woman who presented with abdominal pain, weight loss, and hypoalbuminemia, and was found at colonoscopy to have patchy erythema with aphthoid ulcers scattered throughout the large intestine proximal to the splenic flexure. Biopsy of involved areas and examination of the colonic effluent revealed S. stercoralis larvae. Previous reports of colonic involvement with this nematode, and the differential diagnosis of aphthoid ulcers, a newly described lesion associated with S. stercoralis infestation, are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Aphthoid ulcerations in gastric candidiasis.

Tiny aphthoid erosions appear to represent the earliest detectable radiographic change in gastric candidiasis. In this report, the radiographic appearance of these lesions is correlated with gross and microscopic pathologic anatomy, and the progression of these ulcerations to deeper linear furrows is illustrated. It is hoped that the detection of the gastric candidiasis at this early stage will hasten therapy, and thus decrease the risk of fulminant infection in the immunocompromised host.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Idiopathic granulomatous gastritis with multiple aphthoid ulcers.

A 47-year-old woman had idiopathic granulomatous gastritis characterized by serpiginous aphthoid ulcer with satellite aphthous ulcers at the antrum to angulus with noncaseating epithelioid granulomas including giant cells in the gastric mucosa. No definite etiologic factors could be detected; systemic sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease, infections (tuberculosis, syphilis and fungus), neoplasm, and foreign body reaction were excluded by additional investigations. However, the patient was found to be infected with H. pylori. Despite the success of H. pylori-eradication, the granulomatous lesion took a long time to heal for at least 17 months or more. The relation between granulomatous gastritis and H. pylori was discussed. There was no apparent evidence of granuloma in the other organs during clinical and follow-up studies for over three years.

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Oral aphthoid toxic dermatoses].

In a description of 4 cases (phenindione, 1 case; niflumic acid, 1 case; gold salts, 2 cases), the authors describe a new variety of oral toxicodermatitis characterized by an eruption of painful, infiltrated aphthoid ulcerations, not precededbybull ae, small (less than 1 cm), roundish, with a greyish yellow necrotic centre surrounded by an erythematous halo. Histological investigation reveals a compact, polymorphous inflammatory infiltrate with numerous polynuclear neutrophiles or, less commonly, eosinophiles some of which are in a state of pyknosis of leukocytoclasia, associated with phenomena of spongiosis or necrosis of the epithelium.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Aphthoid esophageal ulcers in Crohn's disease of ileum and colon.

We report 4 cases of tiny aphthous ulcers of the esophagus occurring in patients with confirmed Crohn's disease of the terminal ileum and the colon. These ulcers presented as small collections of barium surrounded by a radiolucent halo, and were demonstrable on double-contrast radiographs of the esophagus. They were located in the middle and distal thirds of the otherwise normal esophagus. A more advanced stage of Crohn's ileocolitis was present in these patients.

Adult↗