Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “APHASIA”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Phrenological studies of aphasia before Broca: Broca's aphasia or Gall's aphasia?

The history of aphasia is usually taken to begin with Broca's (1861a,b) discovery of the correlation of aphemia with damage to the posterior inferior portion of the frontal lobes and the subsequent relation to left hemisphere. That there were prior, even biblical, references to aphasia is not in dispute, nor that, according to Benton and Joynt (1960), almost all the clinical forms of aphasia had been described prior to 1800. The significance of Broca's case studies, therefore, lies in the association of motor aphasia with focal pathology in the frontal lobe. This paper examines the status of aphasia localization prior to Broca, and, specifically, the extent to which Broca's discovery may have been anticipated by the phrenologists.

Aphasia, Broca↗
PubMed1997

Differences in pain medication use in stroke patients with aphasia and without aphasia.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: While individuals with stroke are known to experience pain for a variety of reasons including premorbid conditions and stroke-specific sequelae, there are some groups of individuals with stroke, who because of aphasia, are unable to express their pain. This study investigated whether there exists an association between severity of aphasia and overall pain medication use as indicated (1) by the proportion of individuals medicated according to aphasia severity and (2) by the dosage of pain medication used according to aphasia severity. METHODS: The study involved a retrospective chart review of 207 charts of patients with stroke admitted to the Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital (JRH), Laval, Canada. Patients were classified into three groups according to level of expressive aphasia: those without aphasia, those with mild-to-moderate aphasia, and those severe aphasia. Information on medications used primarily for pain management was elicited for the first 21 days and the last 5 days of hospitalization. Any substitution, increase, elimination, or addition of pain medication during hospitalization was also monitored. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: While the findings indicate that pain medication prescriptions were similar for all patients, a significantly smaller number of individuals with aphasia received pro re nata (prn) "as required" pain medication when compared with those without aphasia, for the first 21 days and for the last 5 days of hospitalization at the JRH. Similarly, when daily dose was monitored for the same time periods, individuals with aphasia were found to have received less medication for pain than those without aphasia.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Differences between conduction aphasia and Wernicke's aphasia.

Conduction aphasia and Wernike's aphasia have been differentiated by the degree of auditory language comprehension. We quantitatively compared the speech sound errors of two conduction aphasia patients and three Wernicke's aphasia patients on various language modality tests. All of the patients were Japanese. The two conduction aphasia patients had "conduites d'approche" errors and phonological paraphasia. The patient with mild Wernicke's aphasia made various errors. In the patient with severe Wernicke's aphasia, neologism was observed. Phonological paraphasia in the two conduction aphasia patients seemed to occur when the examinee searched for the target word. They made more errors in vowels than in consonants of target words on the naming and repetition tests. They seemed to search the target word by the correct consonant phoneme and incorrect vocalic phoneme in the table of the Japanese alphabet. The Wernicke's aphasia patients who had severe impairment of auditory comprehension, made more errors in consonants than in vowels of target words. In conclusion, utterance of conduction aphasia and that of Wernicke's aphasia are qualitatively distinct.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[A study on restriction of the areas working in speech function--application of multivariate analysis of aphasia test data and of lesions on CT images, by composing a "restricted-aphasia-lesion-map"].

Computed tomography (CT) gave a large contribution to morphological analysis of the aphasia syndromes. The aphasia problems are, however, still controversial and have many unresolved issues, even from a morphological point of view. In most cases with cerebral vascular lesion causing speech dysfunction, we are able to define an extent of density change on CT images. But its extent seems to be often not consistent with the area supposed to be deranged in functional work-up of speech. CT appearance of some areas may be little changed or normal when those areas are to be in poor condition in their functional maintenance. This may be due to such a vascular supply which permits brain tissues to be sustained but which does not work for their function to be normally performed. From 642 cases with cerebral vascular lesion we reviewed CT images of 382 cases: 171 cases having a lesion in the left hemisphere and 46 of them showing aphasia syndrome; 151, a lesion in the right hemisphere alone and 3, aphasic; and 60 cases having lesions on both sides and 7 showing aphasia syndrome. First, we determined anatomically the extent of CT change in 102 cases, all right-handed, with a lesion in the left hemisphere. The extents were piled and made up to a "non-aphasia-lesion-map". This map was used for eliminating those areas as not working in speech function. The other map of the areas was made out of CT images of aphasia cases (33 cases including one agraphia). The latter map was put upon the "non-aphasia-lesion-map", so that the very area working in speech function could be more restricted. The third map, "restricted-aphasia-lesion-map" demonstrated those areas related to speech function: (1) the region limited around the three rami in the Sylvian fissure (Broca A); (2) the inferior frontal gyrus and the posterior aspect of the middle frontal gyrus (Broca B); (3) the inferior aspect of the cortex and subcortex of the Reil's island; (4) most of the middle temporal gyrus, the posterior third of the superior temporal gyrus, a large portion of the supramarginal gyrus and a part of the limbic system; (5) a large portion of the limbic system; (6) the anterior aspect of the superior frontal gyrus; and (7) the corpus callosum. The Standard Language Test for Aphasia (SLTA) was applied for 33 cases of aphasia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Aphasia with predominantly subcortical lesion sites: description of three capsular/putaminal aphasia syndromes.

Nine cases of subcortical aphasia with capsular/putaminal (C/P) lesion sites demonstrated on computed tomographic (CT) scans were studied. Eight cases were occlusive-vascular in etiology and one was hemorrhagic. Three subcortical aphasia syndromes and three C/P lesion site patterns were observed. Patients with C/P lesion sites with anterior-superior white-matter lesion extension had good comprehension, grammatical, but slow, dysarthric speech, and lasting right hemiplegia. Patients with C/P lesion sites with posterior white-matter lesion extension across the auditory radiations in the temporal isthmus had poor comprehension, fluent Wernicke-type speech, and lasting right hemiplegia. Patients with C/P lesion sites with both anterior-superior and posterior extension were globally aphasic and had lasting right hemiplegia. Although these cases of C/P subcortical aphasia shared certain well-known features of Broca's and Wernicke's cortical aphasia syndromes, they did not completely resemble cases of either Broca's, Wernicke's, global, or thalamic aphasia in neurologic findings, CT scan lesion sites, or language behavior. Further study of the subcortical aphasias associated with these C/P lesion sites seems to be warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Aphasia in left-handers. Comparison of aphasia profiles and language recovery in non-right-handed and matched right-handed patients.

The present retrospective analysis reports two studies. In Study 1, clinical aspects of aphasia are compared in right-handed (RH) and non-right-handed (NRH) patients; in Study 2, recovery from aphasia is compared in RH and NRH aphasic patients with a minimum of 5 months of daily language rehabilitation. From a continuous series of 1200 brain-damaged subjects, 24 NRH patients with a vascular lesion documented by computerized tomography were selected. In 19 cases the lesion was in the left hemisphere and in 5 cases in the right hemisphere. For 14 NRH patients, a RH subject with similar lesion, matched for age, education, length of illness, etiology (ischemic vs. hemorrhagic), and, when possible, sex was found. Presence and type of aphasia were compared in the two patients of the same pair and were found similar except for Pair 14; the RH subject had global aphasia and the NRH had conduction-like aphasia. Fifteen NRH patients were rehabilitated and reexamined at least 5 months after the first examination. Recovery of the 12 patients with a left-hemisphere lesion was compared with recovery of a group of RH subjects and no significant differences were found. Recovery of the three patients with right-hemisphere lesions is described. It is concluded that differences in type of aphasia and recovery between RHs and NRHs have been overemphasized in the past and must be reconsidered.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Primary progressive aphasia presenting as conduction aphasia.

We report a case of a woman with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) who presented with conduction aphasia. A 60-year-old, right-handed, Japanese female suffering from progressive aphasia had difficulty in repeating words and phrases. She displayed phonemic paraphasias but had preserved comprehension and had no cognitive or behavior disorder for more than 6 years after the onset of the condition. She was able to continue to work successfully and to perform all her normal daily activities. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging revealed minute dilatation of the left inferior horn and sulci in the left hemisphere, and positron emission tomography revealed mild hypometabolism in the left supramarginal gyrus and its surrounding areas. Therefore, she was diagnosed as suffering from PPA presenting as conduction aphasia. We believe that the progressive conduction aphasia of the patient belongs to one of the fluent forms of PPA, and the ability to continue normal work along with the clinical portrayal of preserved memory and cognition skills may be features of a form of PPA presenting as conduction aphasia.

Aphasia, Conduction↗
PubMed2002

[Comparison of the Aachen Aphasia Test, clinical study and Aachen Aphasia Beside Test in brain tumor patients].

In the clinical routine examination of patients with brain tumors, aphasic symptoms are often not recognized. In order to document the incidence of such symptoms, three diagnostic methods of testing for aphasia were compared: the Aachen aphasia test (AAT), which is the German standard aphasia test, clinical examination, and the Aachen aphasia bedside test (AABT), which was designed to test patients in the acute phases of illness. In the AAT, 50% of patients with left-sided tumors and 36% of those with right-sided tumors showed aphasic disturbances. The AAT results were defined as the gold standard. Clinical examination showed only low sensitivity; less than half of the aphasic patients were diagnosed as such. The AABT also detected only about half of the patients with aphasic disturbances. The low sensitivity is caused mainly by the results of the patients with right-hemisphere tumors, in which the mental set of the examiner during clinical examination (aphasic symptoms are not expected in patients with right-hemisphere lesions) and the pattern of disturbances in the AABT (deficits may be less severe and different in nature) may prevent detection of aphasic symptoms. Both clinical examination and AABT are thus not suitable for aphasia diagnostics in brain tumor patients. As the AAT is very time-consuming in everyday clinical routine, however, the development of an aphasia screening test seems desirable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Crossed aphasia in a dextral patient--a case of sensory aphasia due to a right hemispheric lesion].

An extremely rare case of sensory aphasia due to a right hemispheric lesion in a 61-year-old, right-handed male is reported. He manifested jargon aphasia, constructional apraxia and ideational apraxia after an operation for right temporo-parietal cerebral hemorrhage. Standard language test of aphasia (SLTA) administered 6 months after the onset revealed disturbance of verbal comprehension and repetition, fluent jargon with many paraphasias and paragraphias. The brain CT, MRI and IMP-SPECT disclosed right temporo-parietal and angular lesions. There are two other reported cases of right posterior lesion (Puels et al. 1982, Habibs et al. 1983) accompanied by symptoms similar to those in this case, e.g., jargon aphasia, paragraphia and apraxia, and in these cases as well the right deep hemispheric lesion encompassed Wernicke's area. It is suggested that the right and left brain functions are reversed in this patient, because the symptoms of the dominant hemisphere such as sensory aphasia, constructional apraxia, and ideational apraxia were associated with the lesion of the right hemisphere.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1989

Predicting the Western Aphasia Battery Aphasia Quotient.

Administration of the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) yields a total score termed the Aphasia Quotient (AQ), which is said to reflect the severity of the spoken language deficit in aphasia. This score is a weighted composite of performance on 10 separate WAB subtests. Based on data from 100 patients, all 10 subtests were found to correlate highly with each other and with the AQ, but the score from one subtest, Information Content, was the best predictor of the AQ. Time postonset had no influence on the relationships among the subtests or between the 10 subtests and the AQ. These findings are useful in understanding the Western Aphasia Battery and in interpreting the Aphasia Quotient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Screening by nurses for aphasia in stroke--the Ullevaal Aphasia Screening (UAS) test.

PURPOSE: In Norway, the speech therapist is responsible for the assessment of language impairment after stroke, but many hospitals have no speech therapist. This study therefore developed and evaluated a simple method to be used by nurses to detect aphasia in the acute stage of stroke; the Ullevaal Aphasia Screening (UAS) test. METHOD: The study was carried out among 37 stroke patients admitted to an acute stroke unit. They were assessed by nurses using the UAS, while the results of a comprehensive assessment by a speech therapist acted as the 'gold standard'. RESULTS: The predictive value of a positive test was 0.67 and that of a negative test 0.93; only two out of 28 who screened negative on the UAS were diagnosed with mild aphasia by the speech therapist. The weighted kappa coefficient of agreement was 0.83, indicating a strong agreement between the nurses' and speech therapists' scoring. The screening took 5-15 minutes to complete. CONCLUSION: The Ullevaal Aphasia screening test seems to be a short and valid screening instrument for aphasia in the acute stage of stroke, but further studies would be needed to substantiate the efficacy of the UAS test.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Lesion localization in aphasia with cranial computed tomography and the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Exam.

Nineteen stable left-hemisphere stroke patients with aphasia were evaluated by the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE) and the Token Test (TT), and by cranial computed tomography (CT). The types of aphasia included Broca (three patients), Wernicke (four patients), conduction (four patients), transcortical motor (four patients), and global (four patients). The lesions, as localized by CT scan, were superimposed onto five composite lesion localization maps for these five aphasia syndromes. There was good correlation between BDAE aphasia type and lesion localization. On CT scans, the locations of cortical language areas lie in a specific relationship to parts of the ventricular system.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

[Crossed aphasia with jargon aphasia in two right-handed patients (author's transl)].

Two cases of crossed aphasia in right-handed patients are reported. The oral language of these two patients was characterized by a reduction in its lexical and grammatical content. Their written language, however, was a veritable jargon with anosognosia. The jargon aphasia of the first patient consisted mainly of neologisms. The written language of the second patient was slightly less disorganized and corresponded to an asemantic jargon. The existence of this jargon aphasia gives these two observations an exceptional character in relation to other cases of crossed aphasia in right-handed patients. It supplies new information which can be the basis for discussion on the relations between cerebral laterlization of language functions and manual preference.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Lesion localization in Broca's aphasia. Implications from Broca's aphasia without hemiparesis.

The recent hypothesis that injury of the left precentral gyrus (PCG) is critical in causing Broca's aphasia implies that right hemiparesis is an inevitable accompaniment of Broca's aphasia and not merely a coincidental neighborhood sign of PCG damage. A right-handed man was evaluated for posttraumatic Broca's aphasia. The absence in this case of limb or central facial weakness strongly suggests that language impairments of Broca's aphasia need not be associated with PCG damage.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Transcortical sensory aphasia in a right-handed patient following watershed infarcts in the right cerebral hemisphere: a 15-month evaluation of another case of crossed aphasia.

Well-documented cases of crossed (transcortical sensory) aphasia, especially those with longitudinal evaluation, are rare. We report a case of crossed transcortical sensory aphasia following watershed infarcts in the right hemisphere, from the moment of the accident until 15 months afterward. The aphasia type, and the course of recovery, is a "mirror" representation of that seen in cases of uncrossed aphasia. Unfortunately, the data do not permit strong conclusions regarding the lateralization of language in association with praxis and visuospatial abilities. This underlines the need for more well-documented (case) studies to come to a better understanding of the mechanisms through which lateralization occurs.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Modality specific naming and gesture disturbances: a case with optic aphasia, bilateral tactile aphasia, optic apraxia and tactile apraxia.

This study reports a patient who manifested optic aphasia, tactile aphasia, optic apraxia, and tactile apraxia following an operation for epidural left parietal haematoma. He could neither name nor pantomime the use of objects presented visually or tactually, but correctly performed semantic association tasks, thus demonstrating preserved recognition. He could name and pantomime the use of auditorily presented objects. Experimental results disproved that pantomime disorders were secondary to naming disorders, and suggested that modality specific aphasia and modality specific apraxia are independent clinical syndromes. CT scans showed injury to the posterior callosal radiations, the white matter of the angular gyrus, and the medial portion of the occipital lobe in the left hemisphere. We suggest that modality specific aphasia and modality specific apraxia can be explained by assuming a common semantic memory store.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1996

Interactions between recovery in aphasia, emotional and psychosocial factors in subjects with aphasia, their significant others and speech pathologists.

Associations between clinical and functional aphasia recovery and perceptions of emotional and psychosocial adjustment accompanying aphasia were examined in five subjects at 3 and 9 months post-onset of stroke using a range of objective and subjective measures. The subjective well-being and optimism of significant others of aphasic patients was also examined, and speech pathologists completed measures of optimism. Unique patterns of individual emotional and psychosocial adjustment were found over time in patients and their significant others, even in patients with similar aphasia type and severity. Individual variability in emotional and psychosocial adjustment and their impact on recovery from aphasia are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1984

Transcortical motor aphasia: one or two aphasias?

The name "transcortical motor aphasia" has been used to refer to two different types of language alterations: damage in the left supplementary motor area and Luria's dynamic aphasia. It is proposed that they represent two types of language disturbances different enough to be considered two different forms of aphasia.

Aphasia↗