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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Antabuse contracts for married alcoholics and their spouses: a method to maintain antabuse ingestion and decrease conflict about drinking.

Antabuse is widely used in alcoholism treatment as a deterrent to impulsive drinking when the alcoholic encounters some temporary life crisis or other stressful situation. Unfortunately, Antabuse therapy often is not effective because the alcoholic discontinues the drug prematurely. Marital conflicts and arguments, frequently about past drinking or the likelihood of future drinking, are an important stressor that can lead the newly abstinent alcoholic to relapse. The Antabuse Contract procedure is designed to maintain Antabuse ingestion and abstinence from alcohol and to decrease alcohol-related arguments and interactions between the alcoholic and his/her spouse. In the Antabuse contract the alcoholic agrees to take Antabuse each day while the spouse observes. The spouse, in turn, agrees to record the observation of the Antabuse-taking on a calendar provided by the therapist. Finally, the couple agree to refrain from discussions about the alcoholic's past or possible future drinking. This report describes the Antabuse contract procedure in detail, discusses resistances and problems commonly encountered in using the procedure, and presents two case illustrations of successful use of the procedure.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1977

[The effect of ethanol and antabus-antabus-alcohol-reaction on histamin and mast cell. Contents of the lung (author's transl)].

Alcohol--orally given in concentrations from 1 to 4 g/kg body-weight--leads to a reduction of mast cells in the guinea pig lung. At the same time a minor decrease of histamine concentration was observed. The incompatibility reaction with alcohol after disulfiram intake (DAR) shows an additional degranulation oft mast cells of the lungs and decrease of histamine-content. So far, there seems little difference between the influence of disulfiram alone and the DAR. Besides thrombocytes and basophile leucocytes, the mast cells of the lung are responsible for the release of histamine and serotonine during higher alcohol concentrations and alcohol-disulfiram-reactions. We think that the intolerance phenomena of humans after alcohol--f.e. in form of flush-reaction--is at least partly related to the concomitant influence oft mast cell-substances.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Development of an ethanol model using social insects: II. Effect of Antabuse on consumatory responses and learned behavior of the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.).

The ability of Antabuse (disulfiram) to influence ethanol consumption and learning in harnessed honey bees was investigated. In the first series of experiments a factorial design was used with 5 levels of ethanol concentration (0%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%), 4 doses of Antabuse (0, 37 microg/g, 3.7 microg/g, .37 microg/g), and 2 testing intervals (1 min., 10 min.). Animals were fed a single 1 microl dose of Antabuse and contact time with an ethanol solution measured. A second series of experiments investigated the influence of Antabuse on the formation of Pavlovian conditioning of the proboscis extension reflex. A factorial design was used with two levels of training (paired, unpaired), three levels of ethanol (0%, 1%, 5%), and 2 levels of pretreatment (distilled water, 3.7 microg/g). Analysis of the consumption experiments indicate that pretreatment with Antabuse reduces ethanol intake, although there was substantial variability. The findings of the Pavlovian experiments suggest that pretreatment with Antabuse significantly reduced responding to a CS signaling the availability of ethanol.

Alcohol Deterrents↗
PubMed1950

Antabus in the treatment of alcoholism in a private general hospital.

In 35 consecutive cases in which patients were admitted to a private hospital for alcoholism, antabus was contraindicated for eight patients and administered to 27. Sixteen patients, followed three to nine months, cooperated fully with treatment and did not return to use of alcohol. In four cases there was at least one episode of drinking, but the patients continued to cooperate with treatment and attained partial success. In seven cases, including three in which antabus was stopped because of organic disease, treatment was unsuccessful. Insufficient insight and lack of family cooperation accounted for four failures. The presence of cardiovascular or hepatic diseases contraindicates antabus. As the test of reaction to alcohol after antabus has been given is hazardous, continuous supervision by nurse and physician throughout the test reaction is mandatory. Sustained results depend upon psychotherapy, family cooperation, careful follow-up, and control of side-reactions to the drug. Antabus as an antagonist to alcohol is not safe enough to permit general use of the drug.

Alcohol Deterrents↗
PubMed1980

Antabuse: medication in exchange for a limited freedom--is it legal?

Recidivism among alcohol offenders--drunken drivers in particular--has led courts to experiment with programs that attempt to rehabilitate problem drinkers. One such program, in El Cajon, California, offers defendants the choice of going to jail or of submitting to a year of treatment with Antabuse, a potent drug that reacts with alcohol to produce intensely painful physical symptoms. In addition, Antabuse subjects the recipient to the risk of toxic side effects. According to the authors, the El Cajon program fails to inform defendants of the full risks and effects of Antabuse. Further, the authors maintain that the program uses the threat of a jail sentence to coerce defendants into consenting to Antabuse therapy. The authors conclude that defendants' consent is so tained by these factors that the program amounts to involuntary treatment. Consequently, the authors suggest that the El Cajon program violates defendants' constitutional right to privacy. Finally, the severity of the Antabuse-alcohol reaction leads the authors to contend that the program constitutes cruel and unusual punishment.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1983

Treatment of nickel dermatitis with Antabuse; a double blind study.

A double blind, placebo-controlled treatment with Antabuse was carried out in 24 patients with hand eczema and nickel allergy. The amount of Antabuse given was gradually increased from 50 to 200 mg daily. The maximum dose was given for 6 weeks. During the treatment period, the dermatitis of 5 out of 11 patients in the group treated with Antabuse healed, compared with 2 out of 13 in the group receiving the placebo. A statistical analysis was made of changes observed during the study, through the parameters: scaling, frequency of flares, erythema, area involved and number of vesicles. Differences in results obtained with Antabuse and the placebo were statistically significant only for the parameters scaling and frequency of flares (p less than 0.05). The difference between the sums of parameters following the 2 forms of treatment was not statistically significant (p = 0.11). 2 patients treated with Antabuse showed signs of hepatic toxicity; 1 of them had toxic hepatitis. No other significant side effects were seen.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of nickel dermatitis. (The influence of tetraethylthiuramdisulfide (Antabuse) on nickel metabolism).

Nickel is the most common cause of allergic contact dermatitis in females. The dermatitis can be maintained both by direct contact and by ingestion of nickel. In 9 out of 17 patients suffering from dermatitis, a diet with a low nickel content has improved their condition. Eleven patients with chronic nickel hand dermatitis were given a daily dosage of 200 to 400 mg of tetraethylthiuramdisulfide (Antabuse). Antabuse is metabolized to the nickel chelating substance sodium diethyldithiocarbamate. In eight patients, the dermatitis cleared. Measurements of serum and urine nickel were performed in six patients. One week after the start of the Antabuse treatment, the urine nickel rose from 1 to 3.6 micrograms per 24 hours to 8.3 to 76.0 micrograms per 24 hours. The serum nickel rose from 0.26 to 0.80 micrograms per 1 to 2.0 to 7.7 micrograms per 1. In four patients the serum nickel exhibited a declining tendency during the treatment period. The results suggest that Antabuse is able to reduce the nickel deposits in man.

Dermatitis, Contact↗
PubMed1950

The use of antabus in the therapy of alcoholic patients.

Preliminary studies on the effects of antabus (tetraethylthiuram disulfide) in the therapy of alcoholic patients indicate that it is very valuable in providing a "chemical foundation" for sobriety, even in those with a severe, long term drinking problem. In the first 30 patients treated, a favorable degree of control of the alcoholism has been effected in approximately 80 per cent. When taken regularly the drug maintains in the patient a very high degree of sensitivity to alcohol, quickly producing a number of very distressing bodily reactions whenever even very small amounts of spirits are ingested. Because of its potential dangers, antabus should be used only after thorough clinical and laboratory studies in properly staffed institutions. It is contraindicated in individuals with existing major psychosis or drug addiction and must be used only with caution in patients with diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, goiter, pregnancy, epilepsy, asthma, and hepatic disease. Antabus therapy should be considered only one aspect of the total treatment program for the alcoholic patient.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1992

Long-term Antabuse treatment of alcohol-dependent patients.

Antabuse taken under supervision is effective and useful in the treatment of selected patients in the very long term. Relapses during treatment are the rule rather than the exception as is also illustrated in five case reports, but Antabuse treatment contributes to longer periods of sobriety. Continued support by nurses is necessary in the treatment of alcohol dependent patients and appointments with a psychiatrist are important for patients with alcohol dependence and psychiatric disorders. The personal perception of the severity of the drinking problem seems to be of decisive importance for compliance with the treatment. A high degree of motivation to stop drinking leads to long-term use of Antabuse, a stronger internal locus of control and a favourable outcome. Measurements of liver enzymes are useful for monitoring the treatment outcome as well as for detecting toxic effects on the liver.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Controlled trials of Antabuse in alcoholism: the importance of supervision and adequate dosage.

Methods of using Antabuse have changed since its introduction over 40 years ago. Several randomised controlled trials have shown that Antabuse can make a statistically and clinically significant contribution to treatment outcome in alcoholism but only if its administration is carefully supervised. The recent literature is reviewed. Adequate dosage is important and the recommended maximum in some countries is often insufficient. Both prescribers and supervisors of Antabuse need to be aware of the ways in which some patients try to evade medication.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Urinary excretion of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) after antabuse administration to workers chronically exposed to carbon disulfide].

Djuricz's antabus test has been applied in a group chronically exposed to carbon disulphide. Sixty eight viscose industry workers hospitalized in the Clinic of Occupational Diseases, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lódź, have been examined along with controls. In all subjects, after oral administration of antabus, the content of diethyldithiocarbamates (DDC) was determined in a 5 hr urine sample. The mean values of excreted DDC have indicated a statistically significant decrease in those chronically CS2 exposed, as compared to the controls. The dependence of DDC excretion on the duration of work in exposure has indicated a clear decrease in the values in those chronically exposed as compared to those exposed for a short time. The obtained results confirm the observations of other authors on DDC excretion decrease in CS2 exposed workers, demonstrating simultaneously some effects of chronic CS2 exposure on antabus metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1950

Antabus and the metabolism of alcohol.

Antabus does not alter the rate of alcohol metabolism in dogs. It interferes with the metabolism of acetaldehyde, so that the ordinarily prompt removal of this substance from the tissues as it is produced in the metabolism of alcohol does not take place. It seems reasonable to assume that it is this accumulation of acetaldehyde in the tissues in abnormally high concentrations that is responsible for the unpleasant symptoms following the taking of alcohol by a patient receiving antabus.

Acetaldehyde↗