Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ANOSMIA”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Anosmia or hyposmia after long-term oral administration of tegafur--improved anosmia].

Seventeen patients who manifested anosmia or hyposmia after long-oral administration of Tegafur (FT-207) in postoperative chemotherapy for cancer were followed up. Anosmia improved in 9 of 17 patients (52.9%), and the recovery period was between 3 and 42 months after the manifestation, and between 1 and 35 months after discontinuation of FT-207. Rhinoscopy and radiography revealed no abnormal findings in the nasal septum, rima oflactoria, concha nasalis media, sinus ethmoidales, etc. As it took a long time to recover from these signs and symptoms, they were presumed to be due to reversible neurological anosmia or hyposmia.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Psychoosmology at the turn of the millennium: From "nasal reflex neurosis" to the modern psychosomatics of sudden anosmia].

This article offers a psychosomatic description of the medical disorder known as sudden anosmia, an illness which previously has been unjustly neglected. The authors present an operational definition of sudden anosmia and describe the illness's multi-facetted symptomatology. Sudden anosmia is influenced by a number of etiological factors. In this regard, it can be seen that not only classical medical factors such as neurophysiology and anatomy prove to be relevant, but also various characteristics of the fields of personality psychology, family psychology, and behavioral psychology as well. The modern diagnostics of sudden anosmia are conceived interdisciplinarily and span from olfactory measurements to rhino-psychological testing. The treatment of patients suffering from sudden anosmia is based on a multi-staged treatment concept. This concept equally considers both medical and psychological approaches, whereby behavior psychological treatment will be given particular importance in discussion of the latter. Processes for evaluation and quality assurance to monitor the methods of diagnostics and therapy provided for persons afflicted by sudden anosmia are still in their beginning stages.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

Effects of pinealectomy, anosmia and blinding alone or in combination on gonadotropin secretion and pituitary and target gland weight in intact and castrated male rats.

Pinealectomy had inconstant effects on serum gonadotropins when blood samples were taken during the day, however late nocturanal titers of both FSH and LH tended to decline and this decline tended to be reversed by pinealectomy. Either anosmia or blinding elevated nocturnal FSH and had a tendency to elevate nocturnal LH titers- effects which were only inconstantly modified by pinealectomy. Blinding plus anosmia lowered both daytime and nocturnal FSH titers; the lowering of nocturnal levels was reversed by pinealectomy. There was a less pronounced lowering of nocturnal LH titers in these doubly-operated animals and again this was partially reversed by pinealectomy. These changes in gonadotropin titers probably accounted at least in part for the testicular atrophy seen in the doubly-operated animals and its reversal by pinealectomy. Following castration, plasma gonadotropin titers rose in all groups and the final level of FSH attained was highest in the pinealectomized animals. Similarly, final levels of FSH and LH were further increased in castrates by blinding, anosmia or blinding plus anosmia, but these changes were not consistently modified by pinealectomy. At sacrifice of the castrates, pituitary FSH and LH concentrations were not modified by pinealectomy, however they were elevated by anosmia or by the double sensory-deprivation. The atrophy of the seminal vesicles induced by castration was partially prevented by pinealectomy, which suggests that the pineal also exerts a direct inhibitory effect on this accessory organ. Alterations in anterior and posterior pituitary weight were also observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Posttraumatic anosmia in craniofacial trauma.

Although the clinical implications of anosmia can be significant, posttraumatic anosmia is generally given relatively little attention in the clinical setting. Patients who sustain craniofacial trauma are most at risk. The incidence of posttraumatic anosmia varies according to the severity of injury and has an overall estimated incidence of 7%. Factors that increase the risk of developing anosmia include anterior skull base fractures, bilateral subfrontal lobe injury, dural lacerations, and cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Recovery of function has been estimated to be approximately 10%. Time of recovery, if it occurs, varies between 8 weeks and 2 years. Presented herein are the clinical, radiographic, pathophysiologic, and anatomic substrata of posttraumatic anosmia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Steroid-dependent anosmia.

In steroid-dependent anosmia (nasal polyps, inhalant allergy, anosmia), high doses of steroids will temporarily restore the sense of smell, a diagnostic test. Appropriate surgery can then be carried out, followed by low-dose, long-term steroid therapy to maintain the sense of smell. Olfactory biopsy specimens taken during the course of evaluation and treatment show electron-optically normal olfactory receptors, meaning that the probable pathogenesis of the sensory deficit is an obstruction, mechanical and possibly biochemical. Two cases of steroid-dependent anosmia are presented to detail a fully reversible anosmia using state-of-the-art techniques.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1982

Anosmia and play fighting behavior in prepubescent male and female rats.

Prepubescent male and female rats were paired after intranasal treatment with isotonic zinc sulfate or saline solutions to determine the influence of peripheral anosmia upon play fighting behavior. In Experiment 1, male isolate residents pinned intruders significantly more often than intruders pinned residents but anosmia treatment had no influence on pinning behavior. In Experiment 2, males and females differed significantly in all major categories of play fighting but anosmia treatment had no influence on play fighting of either males or females. In Experiment 3, male groups matched for play fighting behavior prior to intranasal zinc or saline treatment were paired with like-treated males. All males in all pairings engaged in play behavior but anosmic males played less than controls. Evidently, intranasal zinc treatment depresses play behavior only when both members of a pair are anosmic. Play behavior is more markedly affected by resident-intruder status and by gender than by peripheral anosmia.

Aggression↗
PubMed1996

Anosmia and chronic sinus disease.

Chronic sinus disease associated with progressive mucosal disease is often a cause for anosmia. Despite aggressive allergic, medical, and surgical intervention, long-term relief of anosmia has been difficult to document. Fifty patients sought treatment for subjective anosmia and symptoms of progressive sinusitis and underwent endoscopic sinus surgery. After surgery 52% maintained significant improvement in smell by subjective measures that correlated with objective olfactory University of Pennsylvania Small Identification test ("UPSIT") results. Of the remaining patients, some had intermittent improvement, but most remained hyposmic or anosmic despite clinically well-healed ethmoid surgical beds. Of the preoperative and postoperative historical, clinical, and radiological data analyzed, severity of the presenting sinus disease (defined as stage II In the Kennedy staging criteria or disease extending beyond the ethmoids on preoperative computed tomography scan) and persistent mucosal disease in the surgical bed are associated with persistent anosmia (p = 0.005).

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Pathophysiology of post-traumatic anosmia].

BACKGROUND: Head injury is one of the most common causes of olfactory disturbances. The incidence of posttraumatic anosmia depending from the severity of the injury lies between 5% and over 80%. METHODS: Clinical assessments were performed in 26 cases with posttraumatic anosmia using subjective olfactometric tests. Additionally, morphological studies were performed in 26 other patients, who died between 36 hours and six weeks after head injuries. RESULTS: Frontal basal injuries as well as minor occipital blows are capable of causing complete olfactory loss. About one-third of all patients were not aware of their chemosensory deficits, especially when associated neurological deficits occurred. Moreover, the studies show that: 1: The vulnerability of the fila olfactoria varies extremely and depends on unknown, highly individual parameters. 2: Trauma can induce local hemorrhage within the olfactory tracts and bulbs without any other intracranial lesions. 3: An intracerebral contusion is often misunderstood as the direct substrate of a posttraumatic anosmia. However, in a number of cases it is merely the sign of a strong injuring force, potentially capable of injuring the fila or the olfactory bulbus. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that the pathophysiology and biomechanics of posttraumatic anosmia should be the subject of critical discussion.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2002

Sensory detection of glutaraldehyde in drinking water-emergence of sensitivity and specific anosmia.

A study of 30 young adults (15 males, 15 females), screened to have normal olfaction, measured detection of the flavor of glutaraldehyde, a biocide that could occur in disinfected potable water. Over the range of interest, up to 100 p.p.m., flavor derived from olfactory stimulation. Higher concentrations would cause oral irritation. Fourteen subjects failed to detect the glutaraldehyde in the first of four sessions of testing. Eight of the 14 (seven males, one female) continued to exhibit the anosmia throughout testing. The other six (one male, five females) began to detect the material in session two and exhibited increasing sensitivity over sessions two to four. Their average sensitivity never reached that of the 16 subjects who evinced no anosmia and who also improved their performance over sessions. The combined group of 22 could detect 17 p.p.m. Less thorough testing would have yielded much higher values. Specific anosmia for this dialdehyde has precedence in anosmia for various monoaldehydes, most notably isobutyraldehyde. The positive influence of experience with a material on detection has been found previously, most intriguingly by Wysocki and colleagues, who showed that experience could differentially induce sensitivity to the odorant androstenone and suggested that the phenomenon might occur for other compounds. Glutaraldehyde appears to be one, perhaps of many.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Quantitative PET findings in patients with posttraumatic anosmia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) findings, particularly from orbitofrontal cortex, in patients with posttraumatic anosmia. SETTING: Neuropsychology outpatient clinic and university brain imaging center. SUBJECTS: Eleven patients with head injury resulting in severe anosmia and 11 controls matched for age. All 11 head-injured patients had their head injuries at least 2 years before involvement in the study. MEASURES: Regional cerebral glucose metabolism was measured with PET. RESULTS: Quantitative evaluation of PET findings for anosmic patients as a group showed orbitofrontal hypometabolism compared with controls. Decreased activity was also noted in mesial temporal lobe. Activity in subcortical white matter was essentially identical between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Findings strongly suggest that posttraumatic anosmia is closely associated with hypometabolism in the orbitofrontal cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex. The results also underscore the importance of posttraumatic anosmia as a clinical sign of orbitofrontal damage, as has been shown previously with neuroSPECT (single photon emission computed tomography).

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Interferon-induced anosmia in a patient with chronic hepatitis C.

We report a patient with chronic active hepatitis C developing acute anosmia during interferon (IFN) therapy. On July 31, he began receiving 6 MU of IFN-alpha daily. On September 26, he failed to smell gas leaking from a gas cooker, so IFN therapy was discontinued. He showed no reaction on a standard olfactory acuity test. As the patient had borderline diabetes, the association of anosmia with impaired glucose tolerance cannot completely be excluded, but his anosmia was probably induced by IFN therapy, since anosmia developed 10 days after the initiation of the IFN therapy, without any deterioration of his glucose intolerance.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed2001

Anosmia in dementia is associated with Lewy bodies rather than Alzheimer's pathology.

OBJECTIVES: To assess olfactory function of patients with dementia. Odour detection ability is impaired in clinical Parkinson's disease. Evidence of impaired detection in patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease is inconsistent. No studies of olfaction have been neuropathologically validated. METHODS: The olfactory function of 92 patients with dementia and 94 controls was assessed using a simple bedside test as part of the Oxford Project To Investigate Memory and Ageing (OPTIMA). Neuropathological assessment was made of cortical Lewy bodies and substantia nigra (SN) cell counts and of Alzheimer's disease in all 92 patients, 22 of whom had SN Lewy bodies and 43 of whom had only Alzheimer's disease. RESULTS: Patients with Lewy bodies were more likely to be anosmic than those with Alzheimer's disease or controls. Patients with Alzheimer's disease were not more likely to be anosmic than controls. Nor was anosmia associated with degree of neurofibrillary tangles, as assessed by Braak stage. Among subjects with Lewy bodies, overall cortical Lewy body scores and Lewy body density in the cingulate were higher in those who were anosmic. Consensus clinical criteria for dementia with Lewy bodies had a sensitivity of 64% and specificity of 89%. In the absence of definite Alzheimer's disease, the criteria had sensitivity of 100%. In patients with definite Alzheimer's disease, anosmia was slightly more sensitive (55%) than the consensus criteria (33%). However, the addition of anosmia to the consensus criteria did not improve their overall performance. CONCLUSION: Dementia with Lewy bodies is associated with impaired odour detection. Misdiagnosis may have accounted for some previous reports of impaired odour detection in Alzheimer's disease. Simple but more sensitive tests of anosmia are required if they are to be clinically useful in identifying patients with dementia with Lewy bodies.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Decreased trigeminal sensitivity in anosmia.

The present study aimed to investigate intranasal trigeminal sensitivity in a large sample of patients with anosmia due to different etiologies. We investigated the trigeminal detection threshold for formic acid in healthy controls (n = 96) and patients with anosmia due to head trauma (n = 18) or sinonasal disease (n = 54). Anosmics exhibited higher thresholds compared with normosmics (p < 0.001). In addition, thresholds were found to be higher in patients with posttraumatic anosmia compared to anosmics with sinonasal disease (p < 0.001). The data indicate that (1) loss of olfactory sensitivity in humans may be associated with a decreased sensitivity towards trigeminal stimuli and (2) alteration of intranasal trigeminal function is stronger in patients with posttraumatic anosmia compared to patients with sinonasal disease. This may have implications for the medicolegal investigation of anosmic patients where trigeminal stimuli are frequently used to assess the patient's response bias.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Influence of subcutaneous deposits of melatonin on the antigonadotrophic effects of blinding and anosmia in male rats. A dose-response study.

23-day-old male rats were left intact, rendered blind and anosmic, pinealectomized together with blinding and anosmia, or subcutaneously implanted with graded doses of melatonin in beeswax immediately following surgical blinding and anosmia. 5 weeks later, blind, anosmic animals were found to have significantly depressed anterior pituitary, testicular, and accessory sex organ weights. Both pituitary and plasma prolactin and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were also significantly suppressed. Pinealectomy of blind, anosmic animals completely restored testicular and accessory organ weights. Likewise, pituitary LH and prolactin and plasma LH levels were also restored to intact control levels by pineal removal. Only the highest dose of melatonin (1 mg) restored the testicular and accessory sex organ weights to those of the intact controls. As little as 1 microgram melatonin restored plasma and pituitary LH concentrations to the levels of the intact controls. However, none of the dosages of melatonin reversed plasma prolactin concentrations to those of the untreated animals. The decrease in pituitary prolactin induced by blinding and anosmia was reversed by pinealectomy or by the lower doses (1, 50 or 100 micrograms) of melatonin. These results indicate that melatonin can reverse the antigonadotrophic effects of blinding and anosmia in male rats. The minimal dose of melatonin required to restore testicular and accessory sex organ weights in blind, anosmic rats is 1 mg implanted subcutaneously in beeswax.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Findings using magnetic resonance in a patient with non-traumatic anosmia].

INTRODUCTION: The presence of alterations in the neuroimaging in patients with anosmia without traumatic antecedents is not frequent. CASE REPORT: Male aged 38 who came to surgery after having suffered, 6 months earlier, for 1 week, a picture of intense, oppressive holocranial headache, accompanied by fever. Associated with this, an acute complete anosmia also began and persisted up to the moment the patient came for consultation. It was not associated with any infection of the respiratory tract, there was no history of cranial trauma, no ingestion of medicines nor toxins, nor had he been exposed to toxic products. The exploration to which he was submitted only showed an anosmia and was otherwise found to be normal. Cranial MRI showed signal alterations in both lower (orbitary) convolutions of the frontal lobes, in the anterior region of the right temporal lobe and in both olfactory nerves. Tests for HIV serology, parotiditis, hepatitis B and C virus, HSV, VZV, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and lues were negative. The acute onset of the anosmia in midst of a picture of febricula and headaches made us suspect the presence of an infectious aetiology, and the alterations found in the neuroimaging could be due to post encephalic lesions, with a special predilection for olfactory areas. CONCLUSIONS: 1. MRI plays a fundamental role in the topographic and aetiological evaluation of olfactory dysfunctions of a central origin; 2. Affectation of the central olfactory passages of an infectious aetiology in a non HIV patient and with neuroimaging findings is a rare complication.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Post-traumatic anosmia: description of a clinical case, proposal of a standardized protocol and medico-legal comments].

Man's olfactory perception is considerably limited compared to that of other animals; this sense is, however, extremely important in our social lives: it helps us to "savour" our food, it enables us to appreciate perfumes and, even more important, to pick up smells that signal a danger, such as a gas leak or a fire. We describe the clinical case of a patient with anosmia and hypogeusia that appeared immediately after suffering a concussive head injury. We go through the diagnostic protocol for medico-legal assessment of hypoanosmias previously described in the literature, which includes a clinical and an imaging section. In 9% of all anosmic patients, a traumatic event precedes the onset of the disorder, with repercussions on the olfactory channels and centres of the peripherical and/or central nervous system. The overall rate of anosmia following head injury is estimated to be around 7.5%. Among the principal causes of anosmia, those of medico-legal interest constitute 35% of the total. On the basis of our personal experience and of clinical studies conducted by other Authors, we propose that a bioptic investigation of the olfactory mucosa be added to the existing protocol. The olfactory neuroepithelium of patients suffering from post-traumatic anosmia, in fact, evidences some characteristic degenerative aspects. In conclusion, we report several comments regarding the quantification of the reduction of the olfactory function in different areas of medico-legal interest.

Adult↗