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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Effect on pancreatic blood flow and insulin output of infusions of aminophylline, galactose and galactose plus aminophylline into an isolated in situ portion of pancreas.

Effects on pancreatic blood flow and insulin output of infusions of aminophylline, galactose and galactose plus aminophylline were studied on an isolated portion of dog pancreas with only one afferent and one efferent blood vessel remaining. Infusion of aminophylline at 8 mg per minute gave significant increases in pancreatic blood flow and insulin output. Infusion of galactose at 7.2 mg per minute significantly increased insulin output. Galactose (7.2 mg per minute) plus aminophylline (8 mg per minute) also increased both pancreatic blood flow and insulin output. Pancreatic venous plasma glucose levels rose slightly during these infusions. Since the perfusing plasma contained a fasting level of glucose both aminophylling and galactose when infused alone or together were infused in the presence of approximately 1 mg/ml glucose. Pancreatic blood flow and insulin output increased to a lesser extent when aminophylline was infused along with galactose, the when aminophylline was infused alone.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1991

Effect of traditional Chinese herbal medicines on the pharmacokinetics of western drugs in SD rats of different ages. I. Aminophylline-Tin chuan Tang and aminophylline-Hsiao Ching Long Tang.

The effect of the traditional Chinese herbal medicines (Tin Chuan Tang and Hsiao Ching Long Tang) on the serum concentrations and pharmacokinetics of aminophylline was examined in three different ages of SD rats. Each traditional Chinese herbal medicine was orally preadministered to SD rats for one week and then aminophylline was administered intravenously. The serum concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline were estimated by a two-compartment open model. The liver isolated after the last blood sampling was homogenized and the activity of hepatic cytochrome p-450 was determined. Significant difference was found in some pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline such as K10, t 1/2, Cl and Vd for three different ages of SD rats without pretreatment with Chinese herbal drugs (p less than 0.05). However, pretreatment with Tin Chuan Tang or Hsiao Ching Long Tang did not affect the pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline in three different ages of SD rats (p greater than 0.05). We also found that there was no correlation between age and activity of cytochrome p-450 of SD rats (p greater than 0.05). The decline in some pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline in the elderly rats perhaps might be attributed to the decrease in hepatic blood flow and liver volume. It is concluded that there was no drug interaction between theophylline and Tin Chuan Tang or Hsiao Ching Long Tang in the different ages of SD rats.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1994

Influence of chronic aminophylline on antielectroshock activity of diazepam and aminophylline-induced convulsions in mice.

The effects of chronic administration of aminophylline (AMPH; 50 mg/kg, twice daily for 14 consecutive days) were studied on both antielectroshock efficacy of diazepam (DZP) and convulsive activity of AMPH in mice. AMPH injected acutely at a dose of 50 mg/kg significantly reduced anticonvulsant action of DZP elevating ED50 from 10.9 (control) to 15.9 mg/kg (p < 0.01). After the administration of AMPH for 3 days, ED50 value was still higher compared with control. Chronic treatment with AMPH resulted in further increase of ED50 of DZP, which was 20.2 mg/kg, and this elevation was significant not only when compared with saline-treated animals, but also with acute and 3-day administration of the xanthine (p < 0.01, 0.05, and 0.001, respectively). Therefore, no tolerance to this AMPH-mediated effect was found, and even an enhancing influence was observed. On the other hand, chronic treatment with AMPH decreased convulsive activity of AMPH elevating ED50 for induction of clonic seizures from 218 to 252 mg/kg (p < 0.01). The remaining seizure parameters were unaffected. Furthermore, in both cases pharmacokinetic interactions were excluded, at least in terms of total plasma levels of the drugs. The results suggest that the mechanisms governing AMPH-induced reversal of the anticonvulsant efficacy of DZP qualitatively differ from those underlying AMPH-induced convulsions. Moreover, these data support the claim that AMPH should be avoided in patients suffering from different types of epilepsy.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1992

Effect of traditional Chinese herbal medicines on the pharmacokinetics of western drugs in Sprague-Dawley rats of different ages (II): Aminophylline-huan shao tan and aminophylline-pu chung yi chi tang.

The effect of Chinese herbal medicines (Huan Shao Tan and Pu Chung Yi Chi Tang) and western drugs (sodium phenobarbital and cimetidine) on the serum concentration and pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline and cytochrome P-450 of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats of three different ages were examined. The older rats without pretreatment with Chinese herbal medicines and western drugs exhibited higher serum theophylline concentration and lower pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline than middle-aged and younger rats (P < 0.05), but there was no difference in cytochrome P-450 activity among the three different ages of rats. All rats when pretreated with sodium phenobarbital showed lower serum theophylline concentration and higher pharmacokinetics parameters of theophylline. Also, the activity of cytochrome P-450 was higher (P < 0.05). When cimetidine was pre-administered in SD rats of three age groups, all rats exhibited lower serum theophylline concentration and higher pharmacokinetics parameters (P < 0.05), but the activity of cytochrome P-450 remained unchanged (P > 0.05). The results were opposite to other studies, probably because the dose and dosing intervals were different. No single effect occurred on the younger and middle-aged rats after pretreatment with Huan Shao Tan and Pu Chung Yi Chi Tang: their serum theophylline concentration, pharmacokinetics parameters and cytochrome P-450 activity were the same as the control group. However, the older rats after pretreatment with Huan Shao Tan or Pu Chung Yi Chi Tang showed lower serum theophylline concentration and higher pharmacokinetics parameters than the younger and middle-aged rats pretreated with similar Chinese herbal medicines. This indicates that Huan Shao Tan and Pu Chung Yi Chi Tang may perhaps improve the elimination of theophylline in older rats. This might be attributed to the increase in hepatic blood flow or in liver volume, since the activity of cytochrome P-450 was not affected by the administration of Chinese herbal medicines.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

Some new evidence on antifatigue action of aminophylline on the isolated hemidiaphragm of the rat.

1. Aminophylline (cumulative concentrations of 0.036-3.60 mmol/l) produced a concentration-dependent increase in both tension developed (Td) and the maximum rate of rise of tension (dT/dt max) of the isolated hemidiaphragm of the rat both during direct single-pulse and subtetanic stimulation. 2. The repeated series of additions of aminophylline into the bathing medium (the second and the third series) produced even further, more pronounced potentiation of both Td and dT/dt max during subtetanic stimulation only, the potentiation being the strongest after the third series of additions of the drug ("antifatigue effect"). The antifatigue effect of aminophylline was much more pronounced than the antifatigue effect of the equimolar concentrations of caffeine. 3. The presence of intact beta 1-adrenergic receptors seems to be essential for the antifatigue action of aminophylline under our experimental conditions. 4. The antifatigue effect of aminophylline was not affected by reserpine or 6-OHDA pretreatment of rats. 5. In a Ca(2+)-free medium the stimulatory effect of aminophylline on Td and dT/dt max was abolished or depressed (single-pulse and subtetanic stimulation, respectively). After returning the muscle into the medium containing Ca2+, the effect of aminophylline was significantly potentiated during both types of the stimulation. 6. The antifatigue action of aminophylline was preserved even in the presence of nicardipine or its solvent in the bathing medium. 7. In the presence of heparin (which produced a significant depression of both Td and dT/dt max by itself during direct subtetanic stimulation) the stimulatory effects of aminophylline on Td and dT/dt max (the second and third series of additions) were significantly potentiated in comparison with the effects of the first series of additions of aminophylline (with no heparin in the bathing medium). 8. The dose-response curves for the effects of aminophylline in the presence of Ni2+ on Td and dT/dt max during direct single-pulse stimulation were significantly shifted to the right. Ni2+ by itself produced significant and dose-related depression of both Td and dT/dt max during single-pulse and subtetanic stimulation, the subtetanic stimulation being much more sensitive. The antifatigue effect of aminophylline during subtetanic stimulation was preserved in the presence of Ni2+. 9. Our results indicate the important role of the extracellular calcium and the involvement of intact beta 1-adrenergic receptors in the antifatigue action of aminophylline. Also, the potentiating effect of heparin on the antifatigue action of aminophylline is presumably due to the influx of extracellular calcium through L-type Ca2+ channels during subtetanic stimulation. Our results indicate the possibility of the presence of T-type calcium channels (which can be blocked by Ni2+) in the isolated hemidiaphragm of the rat, but they do not seem to be involved in the antifatigue action of aminophylline.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1995

Effects of short-term aminophylline administration on cardiac functional reserve in patients with syndrome X.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the effect of adenosine receptor blockade by aminophylline on cardiac functional reserve in patients with syndrome X. BACKGROUND: Aminophylline may have a potentially antiischemic effect through the inhibition of adenosine and, thus, the coronary steal phenomenon in patients with syndrome X. METHODS: A single-blind, placebo-controlled study of an intravenous infusion of aminophylline (6 mg/kg body weight over 15 min) or placebo (20 ml of saline solution over 15 min) was performed during continuous radionuclide monitoring of left ventricular ejection fraction in 12 patients performing supine bicycle ergometric exercise. RESULTS: Aminophylline increased exercise time (aminophylline 400 s vs. placebo 355 s, p < 0.01), decreased degree of ST segment depression (aminophylline 1.6 mm vs. placebo 2.4 mm, p < 0.01) and either abolished (seven patients) or diminished (five patients) chest pain during exercise. Aminophylline also increased left ventricular ejection fraction at rest (aminophylline 66.5% vs. placebo 62.3%, p < 0.05) but did not improve its deterioration at peak exercise (aminophylline 60.1% vs. placebo 56.6%, p = NS) or shorten the abnormally prolonged interval between the end of exercise and the overshoot (aminophylline 115 s vs. placebo 130 s, p = NS). CONCLUSIONS: Aminophylline infusion increases ischemic threshold and prolongs exercise duration in patients with syndrome X. It is hypothesized that aminophylline acts by inhibiting the coronary steal phenomenon through adenosine receptor blockade. It does not improve the deterioration in left ventricular function at peak exercise or the delayed response in ejection fraction in the recovery period, presumably because the beneficial effects of aminophylline that result from the redistribution of coronary blood flow are limited.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1983

Aminophylline and kindled seizures.

The effects of aminophylline on amygdaloid and cortically kindled rats was studied. Rats implanted with chronic amygdaloid electrodes received either saline or 150 mg/kg, i.p., aminophylline 20 min prior to their first stimulation. On the first stimulation, aminophylline-treated rats had dramatically longer afterdischarge durations and more severe seizure ranks. When fully kindled, the animals were retested with saline or aminophylline. Again, the aminophylline-treated animals had longer afterdischarge durations than the saline-treated rats. In a second experiment, fully amygdaloid kindled rats were pretreated with various doses of aminophylline and stimulated 20 min later. With suprathreshold stimulation, a dose-dependent increase was noted in the afterdischarge duration. During seizure threshold determinations, aminophylline pretreatment markedly prolonged afterdischarge durations without significantly changing seizure severity or threshold. When animals were treated with the adenosine agonist, 2-chloroadenosine, prior to kindled amygdaloid stimulation, the elicited afterdischarge was shortened. The effect was antagonized where treatment with both 2-chloroadenosine and aminophylline occurred prior to amygdaloid stimulation. Rats with neocortical electrodes were also exposed to various doses of aminophylline while in a stable, partially developed kindled stage and again when fully kindled. At both stages, afterdischarge duration was increased by aminophylline in a dose-dependent manner. The partially developed, cortically kindled animals were more responsive to aminophylline than were those fully kindled and they tended to have greater increases in afterdischarge duration and seizure rank. These data demonstrate that aminophylline acts to prolong afterdischarges elicited at various stages of kindling from both amygdaloid and cortical sites.

2-Chloroadenosine↗
PubMed2001

A comparison of the relaxant effects of olprinone and aminophylline on methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in dogs.

UNLABELLED: IV aminophylline, a nonselective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, is often used to treat an asthma attack during anesthesia. However, in some instances, aminophylline-resistant attacks are observed. Selective PDE3 inhibitors are now clinically available and have been reported to produce bronchodilation. Thus, we compared the relaxant effects of olprinone, a novel PDE3 inhibitor, and aminophylline on methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction. Dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital. Bronchoconstriction was elicited with methacholine (0.5 microg/kg + 5.0 microg. kg(-1). min(-1)) and assessed as percentage of changes in the bronchial cross-sectional area (BCA; basal = 100%) monitored by bronchoscope. Initially, the relaxant effects of olprinone (n = 8; 0-1000 microg/kg) and aminophylline (n = 8; 0-50 mg/kg) were compared. The bronchial cross-sectional areas were assessed before and 30 min after methacholine infusion began and 5 min after each dose of olprinone or aminophylline. We then determined whether propranolol (0.4 mg/kg) reversed the relaxation induced by olprinone (1000 microg/kg) and aminophylline (50 mg/kg). Olprinone and aminophylline dose-dependently antagonized bronchoconstriction by 56.2% +/- 21.3% (SD) and 68.0% +/- 30.3% with -log 50% effective dose (mean) of 4.80 +/- 0.38 (15.8) microg/kg and 1.96 +/- 0.42 (10.9) mg/kg, respectively. Aminophylline 50 mg/kg significantly increased plasma epinephrine, whereas olprinone did not. In addition, propranolol significantly reduced aminophylline-induced relaxation, but not olprinone-induced relaxation. Therefore, the relaxant effects of olprinone are independent of plasma epinephrine, whereas aminophylline effects may partially result from increased circulating concentrations of epinephrine. IMPLICATIONS: We compared the relaxant effects of olprinone and aminophylline on methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in dogs. The relaxant effects of olprinone are independent of plasma epinephrine, whereas the aminophylline effects may be partly caused by an increase in plasma epinephrine.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1992

Electrophysiologic study of the effects of aminophylline and metaproterenol on canine myocardium.

Aminophylline and beta-adrenergic agonists are widely used in the treatment of obstructive lung diseases. It has been suggested that combined aminophylline and beta-agonist therapy may promote the development of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. The effects of these agents in combination on myocardial conduction and tissue refractoriness have not been documented. We evaluated the electrophysiologic effects of intravenous aminophylline and inhaled metaproterenol on canine myocardium. Aminophylline produced significant decreases from baseline in the AH interval (85 +/- 6.5 [SD] to 63 +/- 4.1 ms [p less than 0.02]), Wenckebach cycle length (WCL) (226 +/- 8.7 to 182 +/- 5.8 ms [p less than 0.02]), and ventricular effective refractory period (VERP) (166 +/- 6.0 to 148 +/- 4.9 ms [p less than 0.01]). Metaproterenol produced similar results, except metaproterenol significantly decreased the atrial effective refractory period (AERP) from 152 +/- 6.6 to 130 +/- 3.2 ms (p less than 0.02), an effect not seen with aminophylline alone. Metaproterenol also produced significantly greater reductions in AH interval and WCL, as well as a greater increase in heart rate than aminophylline did. When compared with aminophylline alone, combined metaproterenol and aminophylline therapy produced significantly greater reductions in the AH interval (63 +/- 4.1 versus 48 +/- 1.2 ms for combined therapy [p less than 0.01]), HV interval (32 +/- 1.2 versus 28 +/- 2.0 ms for combined therapy [p less than 0.02]), WCL (182 +/- 5.8 versus 150 +/- 7.1 ms for combined therapy [p less than 0.02]), and VERP (148 +/- 4.9 versus 132 +/- 2.0 ms for combined therapy [p less than 0.02]). We conclude that both aminophylline and metaproterenol significantly enhance AV nodal and His-Purkinje conduction. Metaproterenol produced significant changes in both atrial and ventricular tissue refractoriness. Metaproterenol produced significantly greater changes than aminophylline alone, and inhaled metaproterenol combined with intravenous aminophylline produced greater changes in AV nodal and His-Purkinje conduction and ventricular refractoriness than did aminophylline alone in a canine model.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2000

Addition of intravenous aminophylline to beta2-agonists in adults with acute asthma.

BACKGROUND: Aminophylline has been used extensively in acute asthma, but its role is unclear especially with respect to any additional benefit when added to beta2-agonists. OBJECTIVES: To determine the magnitude of effect of the addition of intravenous aminophylline to beta2-agonists in adult patients with acute asthma treated in the emergency setting. SEARCH STRATEGY: Studies were identified from the following sources: The Cochrane Airways Group register (derived from MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL standardised searches), hand searched respiratory journals and meeting abstracts. Potentially relevant articles were obtained, and their bibliographic lists were hand searched for additional articles. The search included searches of the database up to 1999. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials comparing intravenous aminophylline versus placebo in adults with acute asthma and treated with beta-adrenergic agonists. Patients could be treated with or without corticosteroids or other bronchodilators. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: A total of 210 abstracts were identified. Two independent reviewers selected a total of 27 eligible studies for possible inclusion, in which quality assessment was performed and a third reviewer was used to adjudicate disagreements. Peak expiratory flow (PEFR) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) data were extracted and entered in Review Manager from these studies. Information not obtained from the authors was estimated from graphs. All data were entered and double checked by two reviewers. Results are reported as weighted mean differences (WMD) or odds ratio (OR), both with 95% confidential intervals (CI). MAIN RESULTS: Fifteen trials were included. Overall, the quality of the studies was only moderate; concealment of allocation was assessed as clearly adequate in only seven (45%) of the trials. The doses of aminophylline and other medications and the severity of asthma varied between studies. There was no statistically significant effect of aminophylline on airflow outcomes at any time period. The aminophylline treated group had higher values of PEFR at 12 (PEFR 8 L/min or 2.3%) and 24 hours (PEFR 22 L/min or 6.4%), but these were not significant (p>0.05). Two subgroup analyses were performed by grouping studies according to mean baseline airflow limitation (n = 11 studies) and the use of any steroids (n = 9 studies). There was no relationship between baseline airflow limitation nor the use of steroids on the effect of aminophylline. Aminophylline treated patients reported more palpitations/arrhythmias (OR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.5 to 5.7) and vomiting (OR: 4.2; 95% CI 2.4 to 7.4), but no difference was found in tremor or hospital admissions. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: In acute asthma, the use of intravenous aminophylline did not result in any additional bronchodilation compared to standard care with beta-agonists. The frequency of adverse effects was higher with aminophylline. No subgroups in which aminophylline might be more effective could be identified. These results should be added to consensus statements and guidelines.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1986

Modification of excitation and inhibition evoked in dentate gyrus by perforant path stimulation: effects of aminophylline and kindling.

Rats were implanted with chronic electrodes to stimulate the perforant path and record the elicited monosynaptic evoked potentials from the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation. Dentate responses were examined in awake and anesthetized animals after exposure to saline and aminophylline (100 mg/kg, IP). In the awake animal, aminophylline treatment did not significantly alter the threshold or elicited amplitude of either the excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP) or the population spike (PS). Aminophylline pretreatment markedly enhanced the length and severity of elicited seizures from hippocampal (dentate gyrus) or perforant pathway stimulation. After daily perforant pathway stimulations which established "kindled" seizures, aminophylline significantly increased only the amplitude of the evoked PS in awake animals. In animals anesthetized with chloropent, aminophylline increased significantly before kindling the amplitude of both the EPSP and PS without effecting thresholds for each. After perforant pathway kindling, only the PS amplitude was increased significantly by aminophylline. Inhibition, thought to be from GABA-mediated recurrent collaterals, was found to be increased rather than decreased by kindling. Further, aminophylline treatment did not result in reduction of this inhibition before or after kindling. These data suggest that at this dose of aminophylline neither enhanced transmitter release at this synapse as measured by the amplitude of the EPSP, nor reduced recurrent collateral inhibition significantly contributed to the prolongation of elicited seizure afterdischarge. The increase in PS amplitude reflecting an increased number of granule cells excited to discharge with perforant path stimulation after aminophylline was noted in awake animals but was greatest in the anesthetized animals. Although the number of granule cells excited to discharge was increased by aminophylline, the small increase in amplitude seen compared to the effects of other neurotoxins on this synapse makes this an unlikely explanation for the profound increased seizure response seen after aminophylline.

Aminophylline↗