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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Low levels of serum inhibin A and inhibin B in women with hypergonadotropic amenorrhea and evidence of high levels of activin A in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea.

OBJECTIVE: To examine serum levels of inhibin A, inhibin B, and activin A in women with secondary hypergonadotropic or hypothalamic amenorrhea. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Universities of Udine, Pisa, and Modena in Italy, and of Wien in Austria. PATIENT(S): Forty women with idiopathic premature ovarian failure (POF), 23 women with hypogonadotropic hypothalamic amenorrhea, 40 healthy postmenopausal women, and 40 age-matched women with normal ovarian function (controls). INTERVENTION(S): Blood samples were collected between 8 and 9 AM. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Serum levels of inhibin A, inhibin B, and activin A. RESULT(S): Women with POF had lower concentrations of serum inhibin A and inhibin B than women with hypothalamic amenorrhea and fertile controls, and the difference between these concentrations was statistically significant. Levels of inhibin A and inhibin B were low in postmenopausal women and were no different than in women with POF. Serum levels of activin A were not significantly different among women with POF, fertile controls, and postmenopausal women. Women with hypogonadotropic hypothalamic amenorrhea had higher activin A values than did controls. No significant correlation was found between the level of inhibin A or inhibin B and the length of amenorrhea or the level of FSH. CONCLUSION(S): Low levels of circulating inhibins A and B, but not activin A, reflect ovarian failure in women with POF, whereas women with hypogonadotropic hypothalamic amenorrhea have normal levels of inhibins A and B and high levels of activin A.

Activins↗
PubMed1979

[Hyper- and normoprolactinaemia with amenorrhea and galactorrhea-amenorrhea-syndrom (author's transl)].

10 amenorrhea-patients and 5 galactorrhea-amenorrhea-patients were treated wi2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine (CB 154) as a specific prolactin inhibitor. Side-effects, such as headaches, dizziness, and nausea could be reduced to a minimum by delivering the drug with the meal at night. Before and under the treatment hormone levels were determined in plasma and 24-hour-urine. In the beginning all 15 patients showed a hyperprolactinaemia with a nearly always simultaneously existing hypogonadotropinaemia and the absence of LH-peaks. Also the estrogen- and progesterone-concentrations were on the lower normal level or extremely suppressed. In all patients CB 154 therapy led to a quick decrease of the prolactin levels, to a regaining of typical LH- and FSH-episodes, as well as to a regeneration of ovarian function. 5 women reacted with an ovulation, 3 became pregnant. The galactorrhea diminished significantly and stopped finally after a treatment of one week to 6 months. Discontinuation of CB 154-therapy, however, often provoked the galactorrhea-amenorrhea-syndrome again. For women with normoprolactinaemic amenorrhea a gestagen- and estrogen-test were carried out in order to classify the amenorrhea-type and it was tried to induce an ovulation with Dyneric. For patients with a strong desire for children and without any organic cause for their sterility, in cases of ovarian insufficiency grade I and II a HMG-HCG-treatment was often indicated. In spite of a precise control in order to avoid an overstimulation of the ovaries about 1% of the Dyneric-treated and even 30% of the HMG-HCG-treated patients developed ovarian cysts. In spite of high doses of gonadotropins only 32,5% of our sterility-patients (group I and II) became pregnant, whereas about 60% of the hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhea-patients (group VI) conceived under CB 154 treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The World Health Organization Multinational Study of Breast-feeding and Lactational Amenorrhea. II. Factors associated with the length of amenorrhea. World Health Organization Task Force on Methods for the Natural Regulation of Fertility.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relation between infant feeding practices (and other factors) and the duration of postpartum amenorrhea, and to establish whether there are real differences in the duration of postpartum amenorrhea for similar breast-feeding practices in different populations. DESIGN: Prospective, nonexperimental, longitudinal follow-up study. SETTING: Five developing and two developed countries. PATIENT(S): Four thousand one hundred eighteen breast-feeding mothers and their infants. INTERVENTION(S): Breast-feeding women collected ongoing information about infant feeding and family planning practices, plus the return of menses. Fortnightly follow-up occurred in the women's homes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): A multivariate analysis explored the association between the risk of menses return and 16 infant feeding variables and 11 other characteristics. RESULT(S): Ten factors (in addition to center effects) were significantly related to the duration of amenorrhea. Seven of these were infant feeding characteristics and the remaining three were high parity, low body mass index, and a higher frequency of infant illness. CONCLUSION(S): The breast-feeding stimulus is strongly linked to the duration of postpartum amenorrhea. Cross-cultural effects also are extremely important and may have caused the variations in feeding, the variation in amenorrhea, or both.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[A clinical study on the characteristics of galactorrhea-amenorrhea (especially of drug-induced galactorrhea-amenorrhea].

The clinical characteristics of women with galactorrhea and amenorrhea induced by drugs were studied. In addition, hyperprolactinemia was, experimentally, induced by sulpiride in women, and their endocrinological backgrounds were studied. The findings suggested that the mechanism of amenorrhea due to hyperprolactinemia was primarily the reduction of steroidogenesis in the ovary, and also the disturbance of positive feedback to the hypothalamus. Hyperprolactinemia was induced in rats by sulpiride, and the effect on pituitary lactotrophs was studied. In the hyperprolactinemic state caused by PIF inhibition by sulpiride it was indicated that there was a limit to prolactin secretion and release by the pituitary gland. It was also confirmed that a large amount of estradiol exerted a stimulating action directly on the PRL-producing cells of the pituitary gland.

Amenorrhea↗