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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

[Organization of first aid on the northern motorway in Picardy. Role of the regional Medical First Aid Unit].

The Picardy regional S.A.M.U. implanted in Amiens, has participated in the implantation of antennae of the S.M.U.R. whereby aid can be given accident cases on the northern motorway. After a brief historical review of the creation of these antennae, and presentation of what exists in the sections of the northern motorway not in Picardy, the means of the regional S.A.M.U. are presented, and the way it which it functions, with regards to specific problems concerning medical aid on the motorway. The results of the S.M.U.R. activities are presented and discussed. The necessity for good coordination of medical aid, the fundamental role of the regional S.A.M.U., is particularly emphasized.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1975

[Helicopters and medical first aid units. Role of Medical First Aid Unit 94].

For the transport of injured and sick patients, the helicopter (even the mono-turbine type) offers greater advantages when compared to land vehicles: - more comfort (less vibrations, accelerations and decelerations); - a greater speed, that is to say a 61 p. 100 gain of time upon the distance and a gain from 29 up to 44 p. 100 upon the total amount of time taken up by each transport. This gain in time enables valuable specialised medical teams to be more available: - more precise time-tables than by land which namely makes it easier to receive the patients. The drawbacks are linked with the risks which are not nonexistent but rather less serious than by land. The drawbacks also depend upon the weather-conditions (although this factor does not matter much in our area), upon nuisances such as the noise (which is more important but far more transitory than by ambulance) and chiefly upon the cost of air-transport. In fact, the mean cost of a medical land transport amounts roughly to one thousand Francs, a quarter of which only does represent the actual cost of medical aid. For a similar transport, the helicopter comes to a 47 mns flight. There are several ways of making good use of a helicopter. Practical problems have been solved. The "SAMU 94" experience goes back to 1973 and includes over 500 transports by helicopter essentially with the help of the teams and the helicopters belonging to the Paris Base (Civil Protection and the Fire-Brigade). For flights over urban areas, it is to be desired in the future that only twin-turbine helicopters should be used.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1978

Clinical experiments with hearing aids with amplitude compression.

The model for audiological rehabilitation in Denmark is brief-described. Clinical experiments have not demonstrated a general superiority of the compression hearing aids compared to the conventional hearing aids. In situations with negligible background noise the compression hearing aid tends to provide the best comprehension of speech. However, in situations with background noise the conventional hearing aid is generally preferred by hearing impaired persons. The attitude with regard to compression hearing aids differs among Danish hearing clinics. One clinic with a very positive attitude delivers compression hearing aids to 27% of the total clientele. In several clinics it has been observed that patients with a perceptive impairment who are using the hearing aid for the first time may benefit from compression during the early stages of hearing aid adjustment. In many cases, however, these patients prefer less compression as they continue to use their hearing aids in daily life. It is pointed out, that in connection with compression hearing aids it is especially important to provide careful instruction about the possibilities and limitations of the hearing aid.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1978

Methods for the evaluation of hearing aids.

Methods of hearing-aid evaluation are sub-divided into four broad categories, prescriptive selective amplification, selection from a set of existing hearing aids, use of a fixed frequency-gain characteristic, and adaptive fitting of a master hearing aid. The advantages, disadvantages, and controversies associated with each approach are reviewed and major research needs are discussed in the light of this review. Among the more important research needs are i) the development of improved speech tests that have low test-retest variability and which can discriminate between hearing aids with much greater precision than existing tests, ii) the development of reliable methods of predicting hearing-aid performance from audiological data, and iii) the determination of the optimum characteristics of the simplest, conventional hearing aid (i.e., a frequency-selective linear amplifier with no distortion other than peak clipping to limit maximum power output). It is also recommended that the simplest conventional hearing aid with gain, frequency-response, and clipping characteristics optimally matched to the subject's residual hearing be used as a reference for assessing more sophisticated hearing aids or alternative auditory prostheses for the hearing impaired. The third part of the paper provides a progress report on the development of a protocol for the prescriptive fitting of a wearable master hearing aid. The results to date show that the parameters of a conventional hearing aid can be adjusted according to well established optimization procedures so as to obtain superior, if not optimum, performance for each subject as a result of such individualized adjustments.

Acoustics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The otolaryngologist and the hearing aid delivery system: current federal regulations.

New proposed rules and regulations concerning trade practices for the hearing aid industry have been developed in response to political pressures from Congress and consumer groups. Revisions to the trade regulations proposed by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) include (1) more stringent limitations in advertising, (2) written permission to sell a hearing aid at home or in the buyer's place of business, and (3) the right of a buyer to cancel a hearing aid sale, rental, or lease within 30 days. Testimony on hearings regarding this rule are being reviewed by the FTC presiding officer. Food and Drug Administration national standards for the labeling and sale of hearing aids became effective Aug 15, 1977. A medical evaluation by a licensed physician is required before a hearing aid may be sold. Fully informed adults may request a waiver of this requirement for religious or personal beliefs, but a medical evaluation is mandatory for persons under 18 years of age. A User Instructional Brochure, which lists several conditions for which medical advice is advised, must be reviewed with the prospective buyer. In the recognition that some physicians may be dispensers of hearing aids, the Judicial Council of the American Medical Association has recommended that a physician may dispense hearing aids if it is in the best interest of the patient, but that a physician should not be encouraged to retail hearing aids in his office if other adequate community facilities exist.

Advertising↗
PubMed1978

Requirements on speech processing hearing aids for the profoundly deaf, some preliminary remarks.

Many severely hard of hearing and profoundly deaf persons seem to get very little help from an ordinary hearing aid. This observation has prompted the development of tactile speech processing aids. These aids should however only be used if it can be shown that the subject has no useful residual hearing. In the case of a profound hearing loss the audiogram might in some cases show tactile sensations in the ear. To get a better estimation of the remaining auditory capacity experiments have been made with frequency discrimination measurements, and with speech tests consisting of rhyming word pairs. Results from these different tests are summarized in relation to an audiogram classification system. Two tactile speech processing aids are described. Evaluation studies with these aids show positive results but these results must be compared with the results that can be obtained with ordinary hearing aids and different types of auditory speech processing hearing aids. The possibility to use extreme auditory recording must also be studied. In this case the transmitted signal is not speech-like and it is possible that this limits their usefulness. Experiments with this type of aids might however give valuable information about how the human perceptual systems process signals derived from the original speech signal.

Audiometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Users' satisfaction with hearing aids.

Seventy-one hearing aid users were surveyed two years after their initial fitting to determine whether they (1) wore the hearing aid(s) prescribed, (2) were satisfied with their aid(s), (3) had specific complaints about their aid(s), and (4) would recommend that a hearing-impaired friend or relative go through the same hearing aid selection process. Ninety-six percent of the respondents obtained that aid that we recommended. Eighty-eight percent were "very satisfied" or "satisfied" with the help that their aid(s) provided. Eighty-two percent would recommend that a hearing-impaired friend or relative go directly to a "hearing specialist" for assistance when selecting a hearing aid.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed2026

Utility of hearing aid use on neurocognitive functions and auditory processing: A systematic review.

PURPOSE: Hearing loss not only affects the peripheral auditory system but also leads to changes in central auditory pathways and neurocognitive skills. The use of hearing aids has shown potential benefits in mitigating the adverse effects of hearing loss. Earlier literature showed various studies assessing the impact of hearing aid use on cognitive functions and auditory processing, a comprehensive review of the existing literature is warranted. Existing literature showed heterogeneous outcomes among studies investigated the effect of Hearing aid use in combating the adverse effects of hearing loss on neurocognitive functions and auditory processing. METHOD: Databases including PubMed, SciELO, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Index Copernicus were searched (2005-2025) using English keywords on hearing aid effects on neurocognition and auditory processing in individuals with hearing loss. Studies on effect of hearing aid use on neurocognition and auditory processing were included, while those involving cochlear implant users or other neurological disorders unrelated to hearing loss were excluded. Titles, authors and publication years were examined, and duplicates were removed. RESULTS: Total of 61 research papers were found on specific area and were included in the present review. Findings of these 61 articles have been analysed and are reported in this article. The outcome of the present study showed usefulness of hearing aid use on neurocognitive functions and auditory processing. CONCLUSION: The present literature review emphasized the importance of early rehabilitation through hearing aid use to alleviate the adverse effects of hearing loss on neurocognitive function and auditory processing.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High-frequency consonant word discrimination lists in hearing aid evaluation.

A summary of the results shows that with 5 of the 9 subjects the high-frequency consonant scores indicated the same aid for the patient that the NU-6 scores indicated. In 2 cases the NU-6 indicated amplification was appropriate whereas the high-frequency consonant scores indicated amplification was not appropriate. Obviously, the high-frequency consonant scores should be considered supplemental to the NU-6 scores and not as a replacement for the NU-6. The combination of the NU-6 and the high-frequency consonant results for Subject 1 may indicate that the patient should have received further counseling and should have been taught how to communicate more effectively without an aid. The high-frequency consonant scores obtained by 2 of the subjects indicated different aids than the ones indicated by the NU-6 test and the patient preference. Perhaps the reason the patient chose an aid other than the one that would most benefit him was that he was most comfortable with the aid that allowed him to hear in the manner to which he was accustomed, even if he did not do as well with it. If a person had become accustomed to not hearing the high-frequency sounds, an aid that suddenly allowed him to hear those sounds might disturb him. The addition of high-frequency amplification might have made speech sound foreign to him. It would have been much easier for him to choose the aid that he was most comfortable with.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Hearing Aids↗
PubMed1976

Teaching aids.

A teaching aid is exactly what it says it is--an aid to teaching. No matter how exciting the aid may be, its production is not an end in itself, merely a means to an end. Teaching aids are most effective and can be best justified when a need for them has been demonstrated and when they can be shown to clarify the teaching of points and problems which students have formerly found difficult to understand. The best teaching aids are the result of a combination of imagination and enthusiasm. Aids should always be evaluated to determine whether the costs of production are justified by an improvement in learning.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1978

On the problems of fitting an individual hearing aid: a case story.

For a fourteen-year old girl with a pronounced ski-slope bilateral hearing loss of 100-120 dB and with a dynamic range of approx. 10 dB, a tailor-made true binaural hearing aid was made. Establishing the acoustical characteristics of the hearing aid based on details from audiograms proved not to yield satisfactory results. Consequently an adjustment of the acoustical data according to the method of trial and error was initiated. By applying this method, a satisfactory result was obtained. The suitability of an audiogram to describe the optimum characteristics of hearing aids may thus be questioned. Likewise it seems substantiated that it is possible to compensate for even very difficult hearing losses by tailoring the acoustical characteristics of the hearing aid very carefully. Consequences of the individual fitting of hearing aids in general will be discussed.

Acoustics↗
PubMed2025

Genome-Wide Association Study of Varenicline-Aided Smoking Cessation.

INTRODUCTION: Varenicline is an &#x3b1;4&#x3b2;2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist with the highest therapeutic efficacy of any pharmacological smoking cessation aid and a 12-month cessation rate of 26%. Genetic variation may be associated with varenicline response, but to date, no genome-wide association studies of varenicline response have been published. METHODS: In this study, we investigated the genetic contribution to varenicline effectiveness using two electronic health record-derived phenotypes. We defined short-term varenicline effectiveness (SVE) and long-term varenicline effectiveness (LVE) by assessing smoking status at 3 and 12 months, respectively, after initiating varenicline treatment. In Stage 1, comprising five European cohort studies, we tested genome-wide associations with SVE (1405 cases, 2074 controls) and LVE (1576 cases, 2555 controls), defining sentinel variants (the most strongly associated variant within 1&#xa0;Mb) with p-value < 5&#x2005;&#xd7;&#x2005;10-6 to follow up in Stage 2. In Stage 2, we tested association between sentinel variants and comparable smoking cessation endpoints in varenicline randomized controlled trials. We subsequently meta-analyzed Stages 1 and 2. RESULTS: No variants reached genome-wide significance in the meta-analysis. In Stage 1, 10 sentinel variants were associated with SVE and five with LVE at a suggestive significance threshold (p-value&#x2005;<&#x2005;5&#x2005;&#xd7;&#x2005;10-6); none of these sentinels were previously implicated in varenicline-aided smoking cessation or in genetic studies of smoking behavior. CONCLUSIONS: We provide initial insights into the biological underpinnings of varenicline-aided smoking cessation, through implicating genes involved in various processes, including gene expression, cilium assembly, and early-stage development. IMPLICATIONS: Leveraging electronic health records, we undertook the largest genetic study of varenicline-aided smoking cessation to date, and the only such study to test genome-wide associations. We showed distinct genetic variants associated (p-value&#x2005;<&#x2005;5&#x2005;&#xd7;&#x2005;10-6) with varenicline-aided smoking cessation which implicate diverse cellular functions, including transcriptional regulation, RNA modification, and cilium assembly. These provide insights which, if independently corroborated, will improve understanding of varenicline response. The growing availability of biobank resources with genetic and varenicline response data will provide future opportunities for larger studies using the approach we developed.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Multichannel compression hearing aids: experiments and consideration on clinical applicability.

The rational for applying multichannel compression in connection with peripheral perceptive hearing loss is briefly discussed. The speech transfer ability of a multichannel compression hearing aid with up to 4 channels is evaluated on high tone hearing impaired subjects. The compression characteristic of each channel is individually fitted to compensate on average the loudness recruitment of the subject's hearing within each individually determined frequency band. Experiments on 5 subjects under several signal-to-noise ratio conditions reveal that 4-channel recruitment compensation is indistinguishable in performance from an "optimally" fitted linear hearing aid which takes advantage of the limited dynamic range of the applied speech signal. Contrarily, 3- and 2-channel configurations investigated show in general degraded performance on speech compared to this condition. The results obtained and their implications for the design objectives of future multichannel compression hearing aids and the clinical fitting of such an aid are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Automatic regulation systems with relevance to hearing aids.

Compression amplification in hearing aids has gained much interest in the recent years. Other types of nonlinear signal processing in hearing aids are developing. The principles of nonlinear signal processing through automatic regulation, as opposed to instanteaneously acting nonlinear signal transfer, is described in general. In particular the properties and terminology of amplitude compression and limiting circuits in relation to hearing aids are discussed. Several examples are given of nonlinear regulation systems for hearing aids involving other features than amplitude compression.

Acoustics↗