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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Determination of age based on the skeleton].

A skeleton is reported that was found 40-100 cm under the surface of the earth; the light, porous bones had partially fallen to pieces. The most remarkable point was the discrepancy between the age of the bone and that of the teeth: based on the bones, the age of the living human being was about 30-40 years; on the basis of the teeth, however, the person was much older. The matter was cleared up with the help of a neck chain that was a precursor to the torques worn by the Celts; thus the skeleton was about 2500 years old. As the teeth were worn down much more through more use in prehistoric times than they are today, the age of the living person is likely to be the bone age, which was about 35 years.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Age estimation.

While age estimation of unidentified corpses and skeletons for identification purposes has a long tradition in forensic sciences, age estimation of living persons has formed a relatively recent area of forensic research which is becoming increasingly important. The international interdisciplinary Study Group on Forensic Age Diagnostics (AGFAD) issued recommendations for age estimation of living persons for the purpose of criminal, civil, asylum and old-age pension procedures as well as for determining the sex and age of skeletons. In the present work, the authors set out state-of-the art age estimation methods for specific case groups, define minimum requirements for reference studies and specify the need for further research. In addition, ethical and medico-legal aspects as well as issues relating to quality assurance are discussed.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗
PubMed1978

[Skeletal characteristics of the hand in cervical cancer].

Under consideration is the status of hand skeleton studied electroradiographically in patients with cervical cancer and in females of the same age without cancer. It is shown that in cervical cancer patients skeleton ageing was less pronounced. The value of electroradiography for determining skeleton age is emphasized. An attention is given to the necessity of a more careful observation over persons with "young" skeleton age.

Electrodiagnosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Methods in age determination in human skeletons exemplified by inhumation and cremation burials of the Hallstatt period].

Discussed were the usual methods presently applied in anthropology for determining a person's age at death by means of specific characteristics of the human skeleton. The inhumation and cremation burials from two tumulus cemeteries of the Hallstatt period (750-500 BC), Dietfurt and Schirndorf, which are both located in the Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, were used as illustrations. In the case of the skeleton of an adult a combined method of age-determination, which took the following four factors into account, proved to be effective: 1. the stage of closure of the endocranial suture, 2. changes in the symphyseal surface of the pubis, 3. and 4. changes in the structure of the spongiosa of the proximal humerus epiphysis and femur epiphysis. In addition the degree of abrasion of the teeth can be taken into account. In the case of skeletons of non-adults, teeth cutting and the epiphyseal fusion should be paid particular attention to. Using the described methods, the following data relating to age-structure for the inhumation burials of both Hallstatt cemeteries could be attained. The death-apex was reached in the adult age-class. The average life-expectancy of both men and women in Dietfurt and Schirndorf was approximately 31-32 years. The average life-expectancy at the time of birth was 32.3 years in Dietfurt and 26.9 years in Schirndorf. The varying results are due to the fact that more children of the age-classes infants I and infants II could be proved for the Schirndorf cemetery.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗
PubMed2006

A cranial base of Australopithecus robustus from the hanging remnant of Swartkrans, South Africa.

SKW 18, a partial hominin cranium recovered from the site of Swartkrans, South Africa, in 1968 is described. It is derived from ex situ breccia of the Hanging Remnant of Member 1, dated to approximately 1.5-1.8 Mya. Although partially encased in breccia, it was refit to the facial fragment SK 52 (Clarke 1977 The Cranium of the Swartkrans Hominid SK 847 and Its Relevance to Human Origins, Ph.D. dissertation, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg), producing the composite cranium SKW 18/SK 52. Subsequent preparation revealed the most complete cranial base attributable to the species Australopithecus robustus. SKW 18 suffered weathering and slight postdepositional distortion, but retains considerable anatomical detail. The composite cranium most likely represents a large, subadult male, based on the incomplete fusion of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis; unerupted third molar; pronounced development of muscular insertions; and large teeth. Cranial base measures of SKW 18 expand the range of values previously recorded for A. robustus. SKW 18 provides information on anatomical features not previously visible in this taxon, and expands our knowledge of morphological variability recognizable in the cranial base. Morphological heterogeneity in the development of the prevertebral and nuchal muscular insertions is likely the result of sexual dimorphism in A. robustus, while differences in cranial base angles and the development of the occipital/marginal sinus drainage system cannot be attributed to size dimorphism.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The problems concerning estimating age at death based on morphological features of adult skeletons].

The paper contains a review of biological definitions of age and their application in forensic anthropology as a theoretical basis for age at death identification. The authors discuss the reasons and importance of discrepancies between chronological and developmental age. Also emphasized was the significance of "age at death" expression and paying attention to the limitations of age at death estimation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Estimating age at death from immature human skeletons: an overview.

Literature on the estimation of age at death of immature human skeletons is critically reviewed. Those estimating age at death for forensic science purposes should consider all available data, but especially rely upon the most appropriate and accurate methods. Estimates should reflect the possible error resulting from the sex differences and population variability known to be associated with the growth process.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The core technique in the determination of age at death of skeletons.

This study proposed an histological method of estimating age at death in skeletons that uses a 0.4-cm-diameter core of cortical bone. Age-estimating regression equations were generated from data obtained from the analysis of bone cores taken from femurs, tibiae, humeri, and ulnas of cadavers. When the regression equations generated in this study were applied to eight forensic science cases, accurate ages at death were estimated.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

ESR dating at Mezmaiskaya Cave, Russia.

Mezmaiskaya Cave has yielded more than 10,000 artifacts, thousands of very well preserved faunal remains, and hominin remains, found in seven Middle Paleolithic (Mousterian) and three Upper Paleolithic levels. A complete Neanderthal infant skeleton was preserved in anatomical juxtaposition lying on a large limestone block, overlain by the earliest Mousterian layer, Layer 3. Twenty-four skull fragments from a 1-2 year-old Neanderthal infant, showing post-mortem deformation, occurred in a pit originating in the Mousterian Layer 2 and penetrating into underlying layers 2A and 2B(1). Bone from Layer 2A was dated by AMS 14C at 35.8-36.3+/-0.5 kyr BP. Direct dating of Neanderthal bone from Layer 3 gave an age of 29 kyr, but that is now considered to be due to contamination by modern carbon. Fourteen large mammal teeth from Layers 2 through 3 have been dated by standard electron spin resonance (ESR). Low U concentrations in both the enamel and dentine ensure that ESR ages do not depend significantly on the U uptake model, but do depend strongly on the sedimentary dose rates. Assuming a sedimentary water concentration equal to 20 wt%, ESR ages for the Mousterian layers range from 36.2 to 73.0+/-5.0 ka.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗
PubMed1989

Identification of infant skeletal remains: case report.

Three cases of infant skeletal remains were described from the view point of personal identification. The age was exactly estimated from union of ossification centers, dental calcification and eruption. While, the sex estimation was not highly reliable, because sex differences had not clearly appeared in infant skeletons, and it was rather difficult in some cases. In infant skeletal remains, age estimation is especially important to help personal identification. The most recent photograph of a presumed person should be used for personal identification by superimposition technique since the size and proportion of infant skull constantly change as a result of its development.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗
PubMed2005

Finding of a skeleton in the Altaussee Lake--a forensic odyssey.

Divers found several human bones in a lake in central Austria. As signs of blunt force trauma to the skull were detectable and one of the possible perpetrators still was alive, exact medico-legal examination was necessary. Age of the person and time since death were estimated. The residues of possible brain tissue underwent histological examination. Two of the three missing persons could be excluded, one of them using mitochondrial DNA analysis. Any pending legal proceedings could be avoided as a result of our examinations.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Identification from skeletal remains.

The remains of a suspected case of homicide, found to be almost totally skeletal on exhumation, was dug out from a pit in a tract of marshy land in the deep south or Sri Lanka. No clothing or other identifying articles were found with the remains. During exhumation a distinct odour of kerosene oil was observed. Examination revealed that the major part of the skeleton was present, including the skull and lower jaw. Examination of these enabled an opinion to be given on the stature, sex and age of the deceased. The head hair found at exhumation showed evidence of burning. Two groups of injuries were found in the bones. One group was consistent with injuries caused during life and showing the characters of healing and moulding. Although medical records were not available, it was possible to obtain a description of the injuries from the court records as a doctor had given evidence on injuries sustained by the deceased years previously. The other group comprised of injuries that would have caused or contributed to death, or were post-mortem injuries inflicted for purposes of disposal. This case illustrates that personal identification may be established from old healed skeletal injuries.

Adult↗