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PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of renal capsule on kidney function in hypertension.

Proximal tubular hydrostatic pressure (PT) and subcapsular pressure i.e. renal interstitial pressure (PS) were measured in isolated perfused kidneys of normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). At a renal perfusion pressure of 90 mmHg PT and PS were significantly lower in kidneys of SHR rats, while the fractional potassium and magnesium excretion rates were elevated. Superimposed venous occlusion of 15 mmHg increased PT as well as PS in both strains of rats but to the same level, while the increase in fractional electrolyte excretion (sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and magnesium) was again much more pronounced in kidneys of the SHR rats. Decapsulation of the kidneys of the WKY strain lowered the PT values to that observed in SHR rats. Venous pressure elevation under these conditions yielded the same electrolyte excretion pattern in both types of kidneys. At comparable elevated PT and PS values in kidneys of the SHR rats the electrolyte excretion rats were much higher during venous occlusion than at increased perfusion pressure. The same experimental conditions in kidneys of WKY rats resulted in different values of PT and PS, whereas the electrolyte excretion rates were the same. The results strongly suggest that: 1) the absolute values of the intrarenal pressures are not correlated with electrolyte excretion pattern; 2) venous pressure elevation has a profound effect on electrolyte excretion rate only in SHR kidneys and in the decapsulated kidney of the WKY rat; 3) the capsular compliance in kidneys of SHR rats is higher.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Possible effects of environmental cadmium exposure on kidney function in the Japanese general population.

OBJECTIVES: To examine whether the current level of environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd) is associated with kidney dysfunction among general populations in Japan. METHODS: A nationwide survey was conducted in Japan from 1991 to 1997 at 30 survey sites (with no known environmental heavy metal pollution), by the collection of 24-h food-duplicate samples, peripheral blood specimens and morning spot urine samples. In practice, 607 non-smoking adult women provided these samples. After being wet-ashed, the samples were analyzed for Cd in food duplicates (Cd-F), in blood (Cd-B) and urine (Cd-U) by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Urine samples were also analyzed for alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1-MG), beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG) and retinol-binding protein (RBP), creatinine (cr) and specific gravity. Possible tubular dysfunction in association with Cd exposure was examined by simple, multiple and logistic regression analyses, and comparison among three different Cd-dose groups. To minimize the confounding effects of aging, 367 women from 41 to 60 years old were selected and subjected to the same statistical analyses. RESULTS: The analysis of a whole population of 607 women showed that alpha 1-MG and possibly beta 2-MG increased as a function of Cd-F, Cd-B and Cd-U. When the analysis was repeated with the selected population of 367 women aged 41-60, the Cd dose-dependent changes in alpha 1-MG and beta 2-MG became less evident. The distribution of the selected population with alpha 1-MG above two low cut-off values of > 4.9 and > 8.4 mg/g cr or with beta 2-MG above the lowest cut-off value of > 400 micrograms/g cr, was biased toward the group with higher Cd-Ucr, but such bias was not significant for both alpha 1-MG and beta 2-MG when higher cut-off values were employed. No bias was detected with RBP. Logistic regression analysis with alpha 1-MG, beta 2-MG and RBP (with cut-off values given above) in combination with age, Cd-F, Cd-B and Cd-Ucr gave essentially the same results. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence for kidney dysfunction was of borderline significance in the present study population for which geometric mean Cd-F, Cd-B and Cd-U were 24.7 micrograms/day, 1.76 micrograms/l, and 3.94 micrograms/g cr, respectively. The findings might suggest at the same time that the safety margin is small for the Japanese general population regarding environmental Cd exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Antirheumatic treatment in old age and its effect on kidney function].

25 geriatric patients with normal renal function and ten patients with impaired renal function were treated with piroxicam (Felden) for osteoarthritis of the major joints. The objective was to determine the efficacy and toleration of the drug and, in particular, renal parameters and--in the case of the patients with renal insufficiency--the plasma levels of the drug. Piroxicam improved both pain and restricted movement in both groups and it caused only few side effects. The specific laboratory values did not change in the patients with normal renal function, while renal parameters sometimes even improved in the patients with renal insufficiency during the treatment with piroxicam. Piroxicam did not accumulate in these patients despite the impaired renal function; the plasma levels corresponded to those found in patients with normal renal function.

Aged↗