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PubMed2003

Congenital defect of maxillary primary central incisor associated with exposed pulp and gingival [fibrosis]: case report.

This report describes a rare case of hypoplastic primary incisor in which the pulp was exposed at the crown portion and covered by the gingiva in a 1-year-11-month-old boy. The patient was referred to us due to swelling of his labial cervical gingiva of the maxillary right primary central incisor, and on examination, extended to the hypoplastic labial surface. Radiographically, there was a round radiolucent area on the crown including the edge. Surgical removal of the swollen gingiva revealed a large defect of the labial aspect of the incisor, showing pulpal tissue inside. The tooth was treated by vital pulpotomy. Histopathologically, the removed gingival tissue contained many pieces of dysplastic tooth elements in the lamina propria portion which should have been connected to the exposed pulp. The findings suggested that pulp exposure resulted from focal dental hypoplasia not from resorption of the tooth.

Dental Enamel Hypoplasia↗
PubMed1980

Experimental transplantation of mature molar teeth with and without the supporting structures in mice.

Two types of dental isografts were implanted into the femoral bone of inbred mice: type A, encompassing mature maxillary molars including supporting structure and type B, consisting of the tooth alone. The isografts, together with their host tissues, were examined histologically beginning at day 1 and continuing until day 42 posttransplantation. In both types, the cellular components underwent necrosis with subsequent repopulation of the pulp and periodontal ligament of the graft. A new bony socket formed and partial resorption and ankylosis started on day 10 of transplantation. It is suggested that the host cells present in the periodontal ligament are responsible for the ankylosis and resorption of the tooth root surface.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Osteoclast diseases and dental abnormalities.

Tooth eruption depends on the presence of osteoclasts to create an eruption pathway through the alveolar bone. In diseases where osteoclast formation, or function is reduced, such as the various types of osteopetrosis, tooth eruption is affected. Diseases in which osteoclast formation or activity is increased, such as familiar expansile osteolysis and Paget's disease, are associated with dental abnormalities such as root resorption and premature tooth loss. Less is known about the origin of the dental problems in these conditions as there are no rodent models of these diseases as yet. In this short review, the genes currently known to be mutated in human osteoclast diseases will be reviewed and, where known, the effect of osteoclast dysfunction on dental development described. It will focus on human conditions and only mention rodent disease where no clear data in the human are available.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2005

Radiolucent lesion of an unerupted mandibular molar.

A coronal radiolucent lesion of an unerupted and partially developed mandibular second molar was coincidentally found during a routine radiographic orthodontic examination of a generally healthy 9-year old girl. The size of the lesion increased continuously during a 2-year observation period. Histologic examination after extracting the tooth proved the lesion to be an idiopathic external coronal resorption. In a review of the literature, we found no original research on the subject. However, the number of case reports suggests that idiopathic external coronal resorptions are quite common in young patients. Their etiology, however, remains unclear. The case history, histologic findings, differential diagnoses, and possible treatment approaches suggested in the literature are described.

Child↗
PubMed1983

The cytology of the dental follicle and adjacent alveolar bone during tooth eruption in the dog.

Previous studies from our laboratories have shown that premolar eruption in dogs depends upon the presence of the dental follicle and is independent of root or crown growth or attachment to the oral epithelium. The present study is an analysis of the cellular composition of the dental follicle and the cellular investment of the adjacent walls of the bony crypt before and during eruption of the third and fourth mandibular permanent premolars in young beagle dogs. Four premolar follicles and their adjacent bony crypts were examined at 2-week intervals over 12 weeks before and during eruption of these teeth. Tissues were removed, fixed, processed, and oriented so that each follicle and the adjacent crypt wall could be reproducibly examined in vertical and horizontal planes. Mononuclear cells with abundant cytoplasm, euchromatic nuclei, and prominent nucleoli were present in juxtavascular location in the coronal part of the dental follicle; and these cells increased in number immediately preceding and during tooth eruption in parallel with an increase in osteoclasts on the adjacent crypt wall. These data are interpreted to mean that the coronal part of the dental follicle may coordinate the alveolar bone resorption required for tooth eruption by attracting and directing to the crypt wall a population of mononuclear cells, which either become osteoclasts and/or direct osteoclastic activity during tooth eruption.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1999

A comparison of autotransplantation and orthodontics in a case exhibiting two ectopic upper cuspids.

Bilateral severely ectopic maxillary cuspids were treated differently on each side. On one side the ectopic cuspid was moved into position orthodontically, and on the other, the ectopic cuspid was positioned by autotransplantation. The orthodontic positioning took a long time and the tooth exhibited root resorption. Treatment time for the autotransplantation positioning was far quicker, and there was no resorption nor were there any other side effects.

Anodontia↗
PubMed2006

[Tooth movement in tissue-engineered bone].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect and practical value of repairing the alveolar defects with tissue engineering technique and investigate the influence of the generated new bone on the orthodontic tooth movement. METHODS: The marrow stromal cells of rats were separated, cultured in vitro and induced to osteoblast-like cells. The osteoblast-like cells were implanted onto the ceramic bovine bone. Then the complex was implanted into the alveolar defect in one side of the rat's mandible. The other side of the mandible served as control. Eight weeks later, the orthodontic appliances were placed between the first molar and incisors of SD rats to move the first molar forward. The tooth movement and root resorption of the molar were observed. RESULTS: We found that the tooth movement in the experimental area was faster than that in the normal alveolar bone (P < 0.05). The root resorption and the alveolar bone height loss were less than that in the control area (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The tissue-engineered bone did not have negative influences on tooth movement. The repair of alveolar bone defect by tissue engineering approach may be used in craniofacial surgery and orthodontics.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Ichthyosis vulgaris, growth retardation, hair dysplasia, tooth abnormalities, immunologic deficiencies, psychomotor retardation and resorption disorders. Case report of 2 siblings].

Two siblings (4 and 10 years old) with ichthyosis vulgaris, growth and mental retardation, hair dysplasia, teeth abnormalities, recurrent infections and malabsorption are presented. The elder sister of the children as well as the rest of the family are unremarkable. The complex of symptoms does not fit into one of the known Ichthyosis syndromes. Microscopically the dystrophic hairs show changes in diameters, nodules, lack of the medulla, rough cuticle and splits vertical to the axis, sometimes resembling trichorrhexis nodosa. In the scanning electron-microscope there is a clear difference to Netherton's syndrome. The plasma concentrations of the vitamines A, B12 as well as of beta-carotines are low in spite of normal nutrition. During parenteral therapy with vitamin A and B12 symptoms ameliorate slightly.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1995

Crown amputation with intentional root retention for advanced feline resorptive lesions--a clinical study.

Whole tooth extraction is generally considered to be the treatment of choice for teeth with advanced feline external odontoclastic resorptive lesions. These teeth often have both a weakened, brittle crown and radicular ankylosis. These two factors cause frustration and sometimes complications during attempts at extraction. This study investigated the alternative of intentionally leaving part or all of non-pathologic tooth roots in situ to prevent iatrogenic trauma to the patient, loss of alveolar bone, and prolonged healing of surgical defects. Fifty one roots from 23 teeth were radiographed 5-36 months following elective root retention; continued resorption without surrounding bony reaction was seen in almost all cases. In one cat, the roots retained normal periodontal ligament one year later, and in another cat that developed severe stomatitis, the intentionally retained roots were extracted at the same time that the remaining molar teeth were extracted.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed2002

In vitro measurement accuracy of an electronic apex locator in teeth with simulated apical root resorption.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the accuracy of Root ZX apex locator to determine the working length in teeth with simulated apical root resorption. Fifty extracted, single-rooted, human teeth with mature apices were used in this study. An irregular cavity defect was drilled at the apex of each tooth simulating an apical root resorption. Three operators used the Root ZX to measure the working lengths, comparing the electronic readings with the direct visual measurements. The Root ZX was 62.7%, 94.0%, and 100.0% accurate to within 0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 1.5 mm of the direct visual measurements, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed between operator A and B and A and C (p < 0.01), but no significant differences were detected between operator B and C (p > 0.01).

Dental Pulp Cavity↗
PubMed1992

Root fractures in permanent teeth: a clinical review.

A retrospective study of 22 root fractures in 21 patients was performed. Ten patients were less than 11 years of age, and boys were involved more often than girls. Ten patients had more than one injured tooth, but there was no case of alveolar fracture. Twenty-one of the teeth were upper central incisors. Only 11 teeth were seen within the first week, so that not all teeth were splinted and not all displaced teeth were repositioned. Long-term clinical and radiographic review showed that loss of vitality of the coronal pulp could not be reliably detected for at least 1 year. No tooth became abscessed or developed a sinus tract, and resorption of bone at the fracture line was observed in only one out of five non-vital teeth. Lack of displacement and placing of a splint increased the chances of the pulp remaining vital and healing of the fracture occurring with hard tissue. Sclerosis of the coronal pulp occurred mainly when healing was by connective tissue. The apical pulp always remained vital, and there was sclerosis of the apical pulp in almost every case.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Effect of bisphosphonates and gallium on dentin resorption in vitro.

Replacement resorption may follow the replantation of an avulsed tooth. Currently there is no effective treatment for replacement resorption. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bisphosphonates and gallium nitrate, which have been shown to reduce bone resorption, on cells which resorb dentin. Osteoclast-like cells were obtained by culturing cells from prenatal chick tibeas. These cells were seeded onto slices of human dentin which had been soaked in either saline (control), or solutions of 10(-5) M 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonic acid (EHBP), 10(-6) M dichloromethylene bisphosphonic acid (Cl2MBP), or 10(-6) M gallium nitrate. Resorption was measured by counting the number of resorptive lacunae produced by the cells. Results indicated that the experimental groups did not differ significantly from each other, but each exhibited significantly reduced resorption compared with saline controls (p < 0.01). These results suggested that the experimental treatment reduced dentinal resorption by the osteoclast-like cells, and that these agents might be useful to prevent or at least postpone replacement resorption in avulsed teeth.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Autogenous free tooth transplantation in man by a 2-stage operation technique. A longitudinal intra-individual radiographic assessment.

Insufficient nutrition to the root surface of autotransplanted mature human teeth after transplantation could be an explanation for the high rates of complications such as root resorption and loss of the tooth transplant. Insufficient nutrition is suggested as being due to the distance between the recipient site tissue and the root surface, and the presence of a blood-clot between the tissues. Improved nutrition could be achieved by transplanting into contact with the vascularised connective tissue of a healing wound. To test this hypothesis, a series of human teeth with fully developed roots were autotransplanted to recipient sites prepared and left to heal for 14 days before transplantation. This study is a follow-up of 57 transplants with a minimum observation time of 1 year. Periodic radiographic examinations of the teeth were performed up to 5 years after transplantation. The results presented, showed a lower incidence of root resorption and extractions than previously reported for teeth with fully developed roots.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using 45S5 bioglass cones as endosseous ridge maintenance implants to prevent alveolar ridge resorption: a 5-year evaluation.

Bioglass cones acting as space fillers after removal of tooth roots delay the resorption of alveolar ridges. In 1987, 242 implants in 29 patients with a mean postimplantation interval of 19.9 months were reported by the authors. Bioglass cones had been fitted snugly at least 2 mm below the alveolar crest, and dentures were placed no sooner than 6 weeks following tooth removal; 2.9% had been lost and 3.7% developed dehiscences. The present report on 168 implants in 20 recalled patients (mean postimplantation interval of 63.2 months) revealed a loss of 14.3% of the implants and 7.7% of the implants requiring recontouring. Literature indicates highest survival rates for implants in the anterior mandible; however, the present data demonstrate a statistically significant retention rate in the anterior maxilla. With this high rate of Bioglass cone retention (85.7%) after 5 years, their placement into fresh sockets to maintain the alveolar ridge is recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The influence of residual ridge resorption patterns on implant fixture placement and tooth position. 2. Presurgical determination of prosthesis type and design.

The incorporation of prosthetic information into a presurgical implant treatment plan is essential to provide accurate guidelines for fixture placement by the surgeon. Part I of this article presented a modified surgical technique that enables the restorative dentist to construct a prosthesis compatible with the final tooth position. Part II describes a technique in which a computer profile image is used to identify the determinants of the optimal final tooth position and discusses the impact of these determinants on the prosthetic design. Guidelines that could be used to predict the final prosthetic design are also presented.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1994

Effects of topical administration of a bisphosphonate (risedronate) on orthodontic tooth movements in rats.

In orthodontics, undesirable movement of anchor teeth during tooth movement and relapse of moved teeth after treatment are the main causes of unsuccessful results. If these tooth movements could be prevented with pharmacological agents, a less complex orthodontic force system and less extensive retention would be required. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of topical administration of a bisphosphonate (risedronate), a potent blocker of bone resorption, on orthodontic tooth movements in rats. In the first experiment, both the right and left upper first molars were moved buccally with a standardized expansion spring under administration of risedronate. Risedronate solution was injected into the subperiosteum area adjacent to the left upper first molar. The right first molar served as a control with an injection of 0.9% NaCl solution. The topical administration of risedronate caused a significant and dose-dependent reduction of tooth movement after the orthodontic force was applied. In the second experiment, the right and left upper molars were first moved buccally for three weeks. The spring was then removed, and administration of risedronate was begun. The topical administration of risedronate inhibited relapse of the tooth in a dose-dependent manner. The administration of risedronate did not affect either overall growth of the animals or longitudinal growth of tibiae. These results suggest that topical application of risedronate may be helpful in anchoring and retaining teeth under orthodontic treatment.

Administration, Topical↗