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PubMed1988

[Comparative evaluation of various methods of treatment of patients with Sjögren's disease and syndrome at the hospital-polyclinic stages].

The paper is concerned with the results of a follow-up and treatment of 97 patients with Sjogren's disease and syndrome. When disease was at its height they were treated in a hospital, when the activity of a process was on a decrease or absent at all--in the consultation center of an outpatient clinic. Control was exercised in an open study. Glucocorticosteroid therapy was indicated at the height of disease at early stages and much less effective at late stages or in the absence of disease activity. At early stages this type of therapy resulted in substantial improvement of lacrimation and salivation and a positive time course of clinical symptoms. Chloroquine contributed to disease stabilization but did not prevent progression in some of the patients. Administration of local substitution therapy only was not indicated because during a follow-up period the majority of these patients developed xerotic symptoms.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Salivary theophylline monitoring in asthmatic children.

The usefulness of determination of salivary concentrations of theophylline for estimation of the serum concentration of the drug was tested in asthmatic children receiving daily 15-20 mg/kg of aminophylline. Theophylline was measured in saliva samples obtained after stimulation with citric acid and bromhexine, and in the blood serum, and the ratio of saliva: serum theophylline concentrations was calculated. The correlation between saliva and serum theophylline concentration was better for saliva samples obtained after bromhexine stimulation (r = 0.9496) than after citric acid stimulation (r = 0.8506). Using the mean value of the saliva: tissue theophylline concentration ratio of 0.6795, the serum theophylline concentration may be satisfactorily predicted (r = 0.9810). The stimulation of salivation with bromhexine is more suitable for the Abbott TDX Drug Monitoring System than the stimulation with citric acid, and the method is suitable for a routine monitoring of theophylline concentrations in the course of theophylline therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The otic ganglion and its neural connections in the rat.

The precise localisation of the rat otic ganglion and its neuronal connections, particularly those related to salivation, has been established by means of dissection and from a study of histological sections taken serially through the head. The otic ganglion lies medial to the pterygopalatine branch of the internal carotid artery and beneath the trigeminal ganglion from which it is separated by the sphenoid bone. In the rat there is no direct connection between the glossopharyngeal nerve and the otic ganglion, as is the case in man. However, a neural connection between the facial nerve and the otic ganglion and a further connection linking the glossopharyngeal with the facial nerve through which the salivatory axons may pass to reach the otic ganglion is described. A comparison is made of the neural pathways involved in parotid secretion in the rat with those believed to exist in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Food poisoning in cattle caused by ingestion of brewers' grains contaminated with Clostridium botulinum type B (author's transl)].

In 1977, outbreaks of disease associated with serious losses occurred on twenty cattle farms. This disease was due to the fact that the animals had been fed brewers' grains. The clinical picture was marked by anorexia, profuse salivation, regurgitation and dehydration. The course of the disease varied with the severity of the attack. Toxicological tests were negative. Cl. botulinum type B as well as toxin type B were found to be present in the brewers' grains fairly often. As a rule, Cl. botulinum was also detected in the rumen contents and faeces. The treatment of the animals is described; this resulted in recovery in a number of cases. When experimental animals were fed brewers' grains from farms on which outbreaks had occurred, this induced similar clinical pictures. The results of studies on the aetiology and pathogenesis are discussed. It is concluded that the clinical picture was an atypical form of botulism caused by Cl. botulinum type B. Possible causes of this abnormal clinical picture are discussed in greater detail.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1986

Reproductive toxicity of ofloxacin.

The reproductive toxicity of (+/-)-9-fluoro-2, 3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de] [1,4]benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid (ofloxacin, Tarivid), a new antibacterial agent, was investigated in rats and rabbits after oral administration. Neither the male or female fertility nor the reproductive performance of the rats was affected by doses of up to 360 mg/kg. Ofloxacin elicited no evidence of teratogenicity when administered orally during the period of organogenesis to pregnant rats at doses of up to 810 mg/kg, or to pregnant rabbits at doses of up to 160 mg/kg. However, the female rats receiving 810 mg/kg showed salivation, dirty hair coats, soft stools, and decreases of body weight and food intake. The fetuses in the higher dose groups exhibited decreased body weight and retardation of ossification, and those in the highest dose group showed increased mortality and skeletal variations (cervical ribs, shortened 13th ribs). Further investigation of the fetal skeleton revealed that the critical period of the occurrence of skeletal variations was on days 9 and 10 of gestation. The occurrence of cervical ribs and shortened 13th ribs was not an indicator of teratogenicity when ofloxacin was administered at doses of up to 1600 mg/kg during the critical period. Moreover, the shortening of the 13th ribs was the only type of retardation of ossification degree. Decreases of maternal body weight and food intake, and increased mortality of fetuses were observed in rabbits at a dose of 160 mg/kg. In a perinatal and postnatal toxicity study in rats using doses of up to 360 mg/kg, no adverse effects were observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of xerostomia in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome with sulfarlem.

Stimulated by a recent report on the favorable effect of Anetholtritione (Sulfarlem S 25) on symptoms and salivary flow rate in patients with Sjögren's Syndrome (SS), we examined the effect of Sulfarlem in an open study on 16 patients characterized by severe xerostomia. Fourteen had primary SS and two xerostomia only. The patients were examined by whole resting saliva secretion rate measurement (SR) once a week during the study period of 7 weeks. At the same time the patients assessed their symptoms of xerostomia on a 1-10 visual analogue scale. Following the third examination (2 weeks), Sulfarlem was given p.o. 25 mg X 3 daily for 3 weeks, after which the patients were examined for another 2 weeks. The average SR before treatment was 0.07 ml/15 min. Two patients had increased secretion rates, but only one of these described improvement in symptoms. Two had improvement in symptoms and 12 had no positive subjective or objective effect from treatment. Side effects were abdominal discomfort and flatulence, seen in 7 patients (44%). One of these patients in addition had diarrhea and nausea. The side effects were persistent during treatment only. The medication was terminated following one week of treatment in two patients. It is concluded that Sulfarlem in a daily dose of 75 mg have no marked effect on salivation in patients with primary SS and severe xerostomia. Gastrointestinal side effects may occur.

Anethole Trithione↗
PubMed1986

General pharmacology of the novel angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor alacepril. 2nd communication: Effects on central nervous and sensory systems and on the other functions.

The effects of 1-[(S)-3-acetylthio-2-methylpropanoyl]-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanine (alacepril, DU-1219), an orally active angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, on the central nervous and sensory systems and on several other functions were compared with those of captopril in the experimental animals. Alacepril at the high oral dose of 600 mg/kg prolonged the hexobarbital sleeping time and potentiated the reserpine-induced hypothermia in mice. However, alacepril at the same dose did not affect the general behavior, convulsions induced by maximal electroshock, pentetrazol and strychnine, active avoidance in mice and body temperature in rats. In addition, alacepril (200 mg/kg i.v.) has little effect on general behavior in mice. Captopril at over 107 mg/kg p.o. produced eyelid closure and at 320 mg/kg prolonged the hexobarbital sleeping time. A metabolite of alacepril, desacetylalacepril (DU-1227) (200 mg/kg i.v.), caused salivation in mice. Alacepril and DU-1227 at 60 mg/kg i.v. were without effect on flexor reflex and spontaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) in cats, while captopril at the equimolar dose depressed the flexor reflex and showed a tendency to increase the beta 2-band relative power of the cortical EEG. Alacepril and captopril neither affected the writhing syndrome induced by acetic acid nor that by phenylquinone in mice. Local anesthetic and irritant activities in rabbits and effect on neuromuscular junction in anesthetized rats were not observed with the two compounds. Alacepril at the oral dose of 0.1 mg/kg potentiated the carrageenin-induced edema in rats. However, the effect was one third that of captopril. Alacepril and captopril did not affect the increased vascular permeability by acetic acid in mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Effect of SL 25 on radiogenic xerostomia in the radiotherapy of tumors in the region of neck and face (author's transl)].

The radiogenic xerostomia often poses problems to the radiotherapeutist because this symptom can become so severe that treatment has to be interrupted or in some cases even stopped. The therapeutic success can become uncertain because of such deviations from the irradiation scheme. Because of promising observations reported in literature, we have examined the stimulating effect on the salivation produced by the test preparation SL 25 from Kali-Chemie Pharma GmbH in Hannover. A double blindfold test was made. Only three out of fourteen patients (22%) in the active substance group declared to feel a relief of the xerostomia, whereas in the control group five out of twenty patients (25%) felt this relief.

Anethole Trithione↗
PubMed1987

Clinical observations in collies given ivermectin orally.

An oral liquid form of ivermectin was administered to 14 purebred Collies (12 rough coated, 2 smooth coated). All Collies were given ivermectin at dosages of 100 and then 200 micrograms/kg of body weight. Three of the dogs developed mild clinical signs of toxicosis (salivation, vomiting, confusion, ataxia, and tremors) with the 100 micrograms/kg dosage. After the 200 micrograms/kg dosage, 7 dogs (including 1 smooth-coated Collie) developed severe toxicosis (seizure-like activity, recumbency, nonresponsiveness, and coma). Because dogs that developed severe toxicosis were not retreated, only the 7 remaining dogs were given ivermectin at 600 micrograms/kg. Severe toxic signs were not observed in the dogs given the 600 micrograms/kg dosage, and only 1 of these 7 dogs developed severe toxicosis when given ivermectin at 2,500 micrograms/kg. Dogs that developed severe toxicosis were given supportive care while in the comatose state. All dogs recovered completely. The results indicated that Collies (including the smooth-coated Collies) have a wide range of sensitivity to ivermectin-induced toxicosis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

[Chronic toxicity and recovery tests of rokitamycin in beagle dogs].

Six-month oral chronic toxicity study and two-month recovery tests on rokitamycin (TMS-19-Q) were performed in Beagle dogs at daily doses of 90, 180 and 360 mg/kg. The results were summarized as follows: No death occurred to any animals in these experiments. In higher dosage groups (180 and 360 mg/kg), vomiting, salivation and reduction of body weight gain with decrease in food intake were observed. Body temperature and pulse rate were normal, and ECG, sperm and vaginal smear tests, urinalysis, blood and biochemical examinations also revealed normal values. No marked changes in organ weights, necropsy, histopathological and electron microscopic observations were detected.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Conium maculatum (poison hemlock) toxicosis in a flock of range turkeys.

Five 20-week-old tom turkeys from a flock of range turkeys were presented for examination; the flock had a history of salivation, tremors, paralysis, and increased mortality. Necropsy revealed numerous seeds identified as seeds from Conium maculatum (poison hemlock) within the crop, proventriculus, and gizzard. Histopathologic alterations were limited to catarrhal enteritis. Clinical signs of Conium maculatum toxicosis abated after the turkeys were removed from their range, which was infested with poison hemlock.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Toxicity studies with decamethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide.

Decamethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide that has been under investigation by the World Health Organization for use in some vector control programs. Decamethrin proved to be a highly toxic pyrethroid ester. The acute LD50 for adult female rats was 31 mg/kg by the oral route and 4 mg/kg by the intravenous route of administration. The LD50 was observed to be sex and age dependent, with higher values recorded for weanlings and males. Initial signs of decamethrin poisoning include profuse salivation and convulsive movements. Weakness, dyspnea, anorexia and staining of the fur were observed beyond the first day following compound administration. Absorption of decamethrin was rapid by the inhalation route and minimal by the dermal route of administration. No evidence of teratogenic activity was found in rats or mice at dose levels that produced marked maternal toxicity, and no persistent toxicity was observed in neonatal rats that received perinatal exposure to decamethrin. No mutagenic activity was detected in three different in vitro assays, with or without metabolic activation.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1986

Gastroenterostomy for treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer disease in 14 foals.

Gastroenterostomy was performed in 14 foals to treat gastric outflow obstruction caused by advanced gastroduodenal ulcer disease. The onset of excessive salivation and teeth grinding, without response to medical treatment, combined with endoscopic and radiographic evidence of gastric outflow obstruction, were indications for surgical intervention. Successful outcome in 5 foals was attributed to early diagnosis, patient stabilization, early surgical correction, and postoperative management including antibiotics and antiulcer medication.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Morphine and scopolamine in premedication. A comparison of peroral and transdermal administration with intramuscular injections].

A randomized clinical study was undertaken to compare the feasibility and effectiveness of two different premedications. Thirty-eight patients admitted for elective tonsillectomy gave informed consent and were randomly assigned to two groups. One group received morphine orally and scopolamine transdermally. In the second group, the same substances were applied intramuscularly before the operation. The following parameters were evaluated: psychological state, sedation, hemodynamics, salivation, pain and side effects. General anesthesia was maintained with thiopental, fentanyl, N2O/O2, and enflurane; alcuronium was used for muscle relaxation. The results showed no significant differences between the groups for any of the parameters considered.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Safety assessment of brotizolam.

Brotizolam (2-bromo-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-9-methyl-6H-thieno [3,2-f]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]-1,4-diazepine, We 941, Lendormin), a new hypnotic, was submitted to a comprehensive range of safety assessment tests. Acute (single dose) toxicity was very low, while in subacute and chronic studies in rodents, signs of toxicity were first seen at doses of 400 mg/kg or more. Histopathological changes were only seen in the 1 1/2-year study. Ataxia, salivation, and diarrhea were observed in a 4-week intravenous study in dogs, and ataxia, increased feed intake, muscular spasms, increased liver weight, and lipid depletion of the adrenal cortex in two oral studies in monkeys. Reproductive studies in the rat and the rabbit revealed no disturbances in fertility, nor were any embryotoxic or teratogenic effects detected in doses of up to 30 mg/kg. Only at 400 mg/kg was litter mortality increased. Local tolerance tests in rabbits indicated good compatibility of brotizolam when administered intramuscularly, intra-arterially, or intravenously. No signs of any genotoxic action could be detected. A carcinogenicity study in mice showed no evidence of any oncogenic effect, while in rats, although the incidence of certain tumors appeared somewhat higher in the high-dose group, this could be explained by the range of biological variation within the strain, a possible modulating effect on the immune system due to the stress of a very high dose, and a functional effect on the thyroid. These studies thus demonstrate that brotizolam has a remarkably wide therapeutic range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Pilot studies in cattle and mice to determine the presence of 4-methylimidazole in milk after oral ingestion.

4-methylimidazole (4-MI) was given orally to a cow in increased dosages to determine if it could be detected in her milk and be present at a concentration high enough to affect her nursing calf. 4-MI was found in the milk, but the calf remained clinically normal throughout the experiment. The cow died after the fourth dose of 20 g 4-MI. Four groups of 10 mice each were given oral doses of water, normal milk, cow's milk after low doses of 4-MI, or cow's milk after high doses of 4-MI. All mice remained healthy after a 2-week feeding trial. Six 3-day-old calves were given 4-MI directly in their bottles of milk up to 2 times the highest level found in toxic feed with only mild depression noted in one calf. Two pregnant cows were given 4-MI pre-partum to determine if it would get into the colostrum at higher levels. Both cows received 4-MI 3 days before they calved and for 2 weeks afterward. Cow A exhibited trembling, excessive salivation and incoordination after the initial dose. Cow B and the newborn calves were never affected throughout the experiment. Each time the dose of 4-MI reached 1.5 g or more, Cow A would exhibit the previously described signs. 4-MI was detected in the colostrum but not in higher concentrations than in the other milk samples.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical, radiotelemetric and pathomorphological research on lambs experimentally infected with Cysticercus ovis].

Experiments were carried out with six 2-month-old lambs infected experimentally with 30,000 T. ovis ova each. It was found that with slightly infected lambs there were no deviations in the normal state of the animals and their ECG telemetry. Morphologically, there were sporadic cysticerci. With strong infections the disease was found to run its course with apparently manifested clinical signs: depressed general condition, lowered appetite, profuse salivation, lacrimation, pollakisuria, high temperature, and high pulse and heart rates. Electrocardiographically, essential changes were recorded in the elements characterizing myocardial infarction. Morphologically and histopathologically, beside cysticerci in the heart and skeletal muscles there were necrotic foci, hyalin-dystrophic and necrotic and lytic areas.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Visceral orienting reflexes as significant components of psychophysiologic personality assessment.

Activ. nerv. sup. (Praha) 28, 2, 1986. Utilizing a combination of idiographic and nomothetic research designs with repeated measures in several breeds of dogs, we discovered stable constitutional differences in psychophysiologic reactions to repeated exposure to psychologically stressful situations. Some dogs showed high psychophysiologic adaptation (HA dogs). Other dogs developed persistent psychophysiologic reactions to the psychologically aversive environment: tachycardia, polypnea, profuse salivation, high energy metabolism and muscle tension, and high urinary vasopressin and catecholamines (low adaptation or LA dogs). Retrospective analysis of the development and extinction of cardiac and respiratory orienting reflexes (OR) in these two types of dogs revealed that the LA dogs exhibit higher frequency and more intense, persistent and highly fluctuating (poorly modulated) cardiac and respiratory OR than the HA dogs, which show rapid OR habituation and good modulation. Insofar as one may extrapolate these data to human subjects, recording dynamics of development and habituation and degree of modulation of visceral OR may facilitate early detection of individuals at risk for cardiorespiratory and other psychovisceral disorders.

Animals↗