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At least 1,783 records · Page 99Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Congenital transmission of murine leukemia virus from wild mice prone to the development of lymphoma and paralysis.

Maternal congenital transmission of infectious murine leukemia virus, primarily via milk, was the major route of virus spread in Lake Casitas (LC) wild mice and in crosses of LC mice with uninfected wild and laboratory mice. An indirect extrachromosomal male transmission in utero of LC virus also readily occurred in matings of viremic LC males with C57L females but apparently not with other uninfected wild or NIH Swiss females. Both amphotropic and ecotropic classes of LC murine leukemia viruses were potentially transmissible by congenital and venereal epigenetic means and could induce the same two diseases, lymphoma and paralysis, that occurred naturally in LC wild mice. Lymphoma and paralysis both failed to occur in uninfected LC mice or their hybrid progeny that escaped congenital infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Ten cases of bladder paralysis associated with sabulous urolithiasis in horses.

Bladder paralysis and sabulous urolithiasis were diagnosed in 10 horses with urinary incontinence. Additional neurological deficits in the hindquarters were detected in five of them. Treatment by catheter drainage and bladder lavage was unsuccessful, and all the horses were destroyed within 14 months of presentation. Neuritis of the cauda equina was diagnosed post mortem in one horse, but the cause of the paralysis was not identified in the others, although radiography revealed abnormal lumbosacral vertebral angulation in one case.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Slowly progressive facial paralysis due to vascular malformation of the brain stem.

Slowly progressive facial paralysis is suggestive of a diagnosis other than Bell's palsy. A case of slowly progressive facial paralysis caused by a cavernous angioma of the brain stem is presented. The classification of vascular malformations of the central nervous system is described with emphasis on the MRI appearance of these lesions.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in horses.

Eleven horses (3 mares, 7 stallions, 1 gelding) with clinical and biochemical evidence of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis were studied. Each horse had history of episodic weakness, muscular tremors, or collapse, which lasted for periods of a few minutes to hours. Diagnosis was based on hyperkalemia in association with a spontaneous episode of paralysis or by precipitation of an episode by oral administration of potassium chloride. Clinical and biochemical events were documented during spontaneous and induced episodes of muscular weakness. During episodes, electrocardiographic findings were consistent with hyperkalemia. Electromyography performed between episodes revealed fibrillation potentials and positive sharp waves, complex repetitive discharges, and myotonic discharges. Histologic changes in muscle biopsy specimens varied from no overt changes in some horses to vacuolation in type-2B fibers with mild degenerative changes in other horses. Electron microscopy of myofibers revealed dilatations of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Analysis of blood samples taken serially during induced attacks in 5 horses revealed marked hyperkalemia (5.5 to 9.0 mEq/L), with normal acid-base status, hemoconcentration, and modest changes in muscle-derived enzymes. Close correlation (r2 = 0.882) between total plasma protein and plasma potassium concentrations was observed and indicated a shift of fluid out of the extracellular fluid compartment. Treatment of either spontaneous or induced episodes by IV administration of calcium, glucose, or bicarbonate resulted in rapid recovery. Dietary management or daily administration of acetazolamide effectively controlled episodes. An affected mare was bred to an affected stallion, and 3 affected offspring were produced by embryo transfer. Blood samples from another extended family of affected horses were analyzed for identification of a genetic marker.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Bilateral arytenoid cartilage paralysis after inhalation anesthesia in a horse.

An 8-year-old Quarter Horse gelding was anesthetized for surgical exploration and debridement of a chronic draining wound in the intermandibular space. Anesthesia was without complication other than persistently low PaO2. Severe airway obstruction was evident immediately after extubation, requiring tracheostomy. Endoscopic diagnosis was bilateral arytenoid paralysis, which gradually resolved over the next 7 days. Compression, trauma, or tension of the recurrent laryngeal nerves are the postulated causes of idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia in horses. The extremely extended position of the head and neck during anesthesia, perhaps compounded by low arterial oxygen content, may have resulted in a hypoxemic insult to the recurrent laryngeal nerves and caused bilateral arytenoid paralysis in this horse.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1979

Herpes simplex virus and recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. Report of a case and review of the literature.

A 61-year-old man experienced the abrupt onset of a nonspecific febrile illness followed by the acute development of bilateral vocal cord paralysis. There was no evidence for Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis, brainstem encephalitis, myasthenia gravis, metabolic encephalopathy, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, botulism, tumor, vasculitis, or extrinsic nerve compression. No cause for the fever was ascertained, and the vocal cord paralysis improved sponaneously. Acute and convalescent viral serological studies demonstrated a diagnostic complement-fixation antibody titer rise to herpes simplex virus (HSV) and no rise in titer to influenza A and B, cytomegalovirus, poliomyelitis, or Mycoplasma. This case is similar to several others reported in the literature that suggest a viral neuritis in tenth nerve paralyses in children. The difficulties involved in diagnosing HSV CNS disease before death are discussed, and the medical literature is reviewed for evidence that HSV is the etiological agent in selected cranial neuropathies.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1990

Facial paralysis in children.

Facial paralysis in children is a complex condition. It may involve functional issues and always involves esthetic issues. Significant psychosocial problems may arise and family support systems are often necessary. In this brief article the etiology of facial paralysis in children is discussed and the common types described. The philosophical approach to the child and his or her family is emphasized. The timing of surgical intervention is addressed as well as a brief outline of the surgical techniques of cross-face nerve grafting and muscle transplantation. Although these latter procedures have added enormously to our capabilities to deal with this condition, further progress will be necessary through research and clinical ingenuity if we are to restore these children to normality.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis.

Periodic flaccid paralysis of skeletal muscle occurring in a thyrotoxic patient, an unusual and dramatic event, is seen predominantly in Oriental men. It is important to remember the clinical association between periodic paralysis and thyrotoxicosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Normokalaemic periodic paralysis as the presenting manifestation of hyperthyroidism.

We report a 50 year old male admitted with complaints of episodic weakness. During the attack of paralysis there was no hypokalaemia. There were no clinical signs of thyrotoxicosis, but since thyroid function tests revealed hyperthyroidism, he was treated as a case of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis, with no recurrence of symptoms over 6 months.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Obesity as a possible cause of respiratory failure in bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis. Case report.

An obese woman with respiratory failure and bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis, was studied in order to investigate the effects of weight loss on respiratory function during wakefulness and sleep. The patient was studied on 5 different occasions during which diurnal blood gas analysis, spirometry, CO2 rebreathing test, nitrogen wash-out test and a nocturnal polysomnographic study were performed. The follow-up period lasted 9 months, during which the patient progressively lost 19 kg. Progressive improvement in awake blood gas tensions (PaO2 + 21 mmHg, PaCO2 - 16 mmHg) as well as in nocturnal oxyhemoglobin saturation and transcutaneous PCO2 were observed; at the same time only minor changes in responsiveness to CO2 and in lung volumes were found. Conversely alveolar efficiency for CO2, obtained with the nitrogen wash-out test, in the supine posture increased from 81.7 to 90.5%, indicating an improvement in ventilation/perfusion ratio as a possible determinant of blood gas tension improvement during wakefulness and, as a consequence, also during sleep. We conclude that obesity is one possible cause of the occurrence of respiratory failure in bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Diaphragmatic paralysis caused by a phrenic nerve lesion secondary to internal jugular vein cutdown].

We discuss the case of a premature baby weighing 1,200 g who developed right diaphragmatic paralysis when a venous cutdown was performed on his internal jugular vein. Acquired unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis has been associated with obstetric trauma of the cervical plexus and surgical procedures of the neck and thorax, when the phrenic nerve is injured. We suggest fluoroscopy as the best diagnostic method; early diaphragmatic plication reduces the morbimortality of these patients.

Bloodletting↗
PubMed1989

Proximal combined nerve paralysis.

In proximal combined nerve paralysis, many considerations are involved when a surgeon decides on palliative treatment. This article reviews when reconstructive surgery should be performed; how an impaired limb should be treated long after the time of initial injury; and the general indications of palliative treatment in proximal combined nerve paralysis.

Brachial Plexus↗
PubMed1989

Restoration of wrist extension after paralysis.

Loss of active extension of the wrist is a major functional handicap for the affected patient. Restoration of wrist extension, primarily accomplished via tendon transfers, is a fundamental part of surgical treatment after paralysis. The anatomy and physiology of the wrist, the clinical aspects, the history, and restorative treatment of wrist extension after paralysis are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Complete A-V block and phrenic paralysis complicating surgical closure of ventricular septal defect--a case report.

The incidence of post-surgical complete A-V block has come down from 16% in the 50's to less than 1% with improvement in technique. Of these, 14% are transient and attributable to post-operative oedema and haemorrhage at the site of block. Permanent damage manifests early, or as late as 15 years, and in these, the risk of sudden death is a reality. Phrenic paralysis has been attributed to inadvertent pinching, cutting, traction on the phrenic nerve, and has been noticed after pericardiectomy, Blalock-Hanlon operation, Mustard repair, performance of a Blalock-Taussig shunt or closure of ASD. It has also been noted to result from hypothermic injury following iced saline slush application for topical hypothermia the so called "Frost Bitten Phrenics". The entity is commoner than appreciated, although its actual incidence has not been properly worked out. It can be unilateral or bilateral. Patients are mostly asymptomatic, the post-operative X-Ray chest revealing the defect. Uninhibited movement of the costal margin away from the midline on the side of paralysis gives clinical clue (Hoover's Sign), and is confirmed by fluoroscopy which shows paradoxic diaphragmatic movement on sudden sniffing (Keinbock's Phenomenon).

Child↗
PubMed1989

Paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve by an extracapsular thyroid adenoma.

We treated a patient with an ectopic thyroid adenoma that caused recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis and upper aerodigestive tract compression. After excision of the mass and release of the compressed recurrent nerve, the true vocal cord function returned almost to normal. We review the literature, diagnosis, and management of thyroid disease associated with vocal cord paralysis.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

[Prognostic study of Bell's facial paralysis].

A prospective study was carried out to objectively quantify the most important predictor factors in idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell's palsy). Step-wise discriminant analysis was applied to data prospectively obtained from 570 patients with Bell's palsy treated in the ENT Department of La Paz Hospital between January 1983 and January 1986. In all, 37 variables were studied in each patient. With data obtained from these variables a linear discriminant function was obtained, with an overall accuracy of 95%. The rate of correct prediction is 95.8% for patients with an expected complete facial recovery, and 90.9% for the group of patients with an expected recovery of less than 100%. The discriminant function obtained is a well adaptable method for routine practice in order to objectively assess the prognosis of patients with Bell's palsy. Prognosis is one of the most challenging problems concerning idiopathic facial paralysis. The early determination of prognosis in Bell's palsy is the necessary basis for assessing the effect of different therapeutic approaches. A number of methods and parameters are used in the prognostic evaluation of Bell's palsy. To know the exact weight of each one of these factors in the determination of the course of the disease we have performed an statistical study by means of discriminant analysis (DA).

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Hypoglossal nerve paralysis.

The hypoglossal nerve is frequently involved in head and neck afflictions as a result of its long course. Hypoglossal nerve paralysis, rarely occurs as the initial presenting symptom. Clinical situations, where the hypoglossal nerve paralysis was an early symptom, are discussed. The anatomy of the nerve from the brain stem to the tongue is elaborated upon.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Bilateral vocal cord paralysis with respiratory failure. A presenting manifestation of bronchogenic carcinoma.

A patient with lung cancer presented with upper airway obstruction and hypercapnic respiratory failure resulting from bilateral vocal cord paralysis. Computed tomography demonstrated tumor extension into the superior mediastinum, with probable disruption of both recurrent laryngeal nerves. Unlike the more common unilateral cord paralysis, bilateral cord dysfunction is often associated with preservation of voice and varying degrees of stridor that may lead to potentially life-threatening delays in diagnosis and treatment. Proper management requires urgent translaryngeal intubation if airway obstruction is high grade, with subsequent consideration of laryngeal surgical procedures for long-term care.

Airway Obstruction↗