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PubMed1979

[Correct timing of work on a hard plaster of Paris model].

Of the individuals in Hamburg questioned, 48% waited an average of 1 to 2 hours after making a stone cast before proceeding with work on it; 38%, 1 day; and only 2%, more than 1 day. The material test however showed that 5 or 6 days of storage at room temperature are necessary before optimal values are obtained for compressive strength, ball-thrust hardness, and abrasive hardness. The greatest amount of expansion with type IV stone plaster, removed from the cast after 30 minutes, was measured between 8 and 24 hours at room temperature, after the plaster had been mixed. The least changes in dimension were recorded after a 5-day contractive phase. Given these results, the stone cast should be stored for 5 to 6 days at room temperature before work is resumed on it if precision work is to be done.

Calcium Sulfate↗

PubMed1985

Sodium alginate as a mould release agent.

The use of sodium alginate as a mould release agent during the casting of epoxy or polyester resins in plaster moulds is discussed. The optimal concentration of a retarder is determined, taking into consideration the setting behaviour and the adhesive bond strength. The above characteristics are critical for the application and efficiency of the coating.

Alginates↗

PubMed2004

The efficacy of the A-V Impulse system in the treatment of posttraumatic swelling following ankle fracture: a prospective randomized controlled study.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the use of the A-V Impulse "in-cast" system conveyed any clinical benefit in the treatment of post-traumatic swelling following ankle fracture. DESIGN: A prospective randomised study comparing the effectiveness of the A-V Impulse "in-cast" system to that of elevation and plaster in the treatment of preoperative swelling. SETTING: Clinical management in a large level 2 trauma center. PATIENTS: Sixty-four adult patients were recruited to the study who had sustained closed unilateral ankle fractures requiring internal fixation, but for whom immediate surgery was not possible. INTERVENTION: All fractured ankles were treated with initial application of a plaster back-slab splint. Patients were randomized to either a control group of limb elevation or to a study group in whom an A-V Impulse bladder was fitted under the arch of the foot within the plaster back-slab and intermittent pneumatic pedal compression provided until surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Daily circumferential ankle girth measurements were performed. The time taken for swelling to resolve sufficiently to permit surgery, the development of skin complications, and the duration of hospitalisation were recorded. RESULTS: Ten patients were withdrawn from the study. Twenty-seven patients in each group were followed up until discharge from outpatient care. Statistical analysis revealed a significant reduction in time taken for ankle swelling to settle prior to surgery (P = 0.01) in the study group, together with a reduction in wound and skin complications (P < 0.01) and final preoperative ankle swelling (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: The A-V Impulse "in-cast" system demonstrated significant benefit in the management of adults with isolated ankle fractures who could not undergo immediate open reduction and internal fixation.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Subsequent displacement of initially nondisplaced and minimally displaced fractures of the lateral humeral condyle in children.

BACKGROUND: Although conservative treatment is a well-established method for treating nondisplaced and minimally displaced (< or =2 mm) fractures of the lateral humeral condyle in children, there is still great uncertainty concerning the rate and time course of subsequent displacement. Therefore, the appropriate frequency of radiographic follow-up remains unclear. The aim of the study was to determine the rate of subsequent displacement after conservative treatment of nondisplaced and minimally displaced fractures of the lateral humeral condyle in children. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 51 consecutive patients with nondisplaced and minimally displaced fractures of the lateral humeral condyle was performed. RESULTS: Five fractures (9.8%) displaced within 5 days while immobilized and were safely detected by a follow-up radiograph within 1 week after trauma. Additional follow-up radiographs between the first and third weeks did not show relevant alterations in the fracture gap. Mean time of cast immobilization was 22 days, with a range of 17 to 34 days. No pseudarthrosis occurred. CONCLUSION: Fractures with less than or equal to 2 mm of displacement can probably be primarily treated safely by cast immobilization. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs out of plaster between the fourth and sixth days are necessary to diagnose subsequent displacement of unstable fractures, whereas further "late" displacement did not occur.

Casts, Surgical↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A method for the construction of x-ray shielding masks.

A method is described for the production of a rigid model of a patient's face onto which lead shielding sheets may be contoured. The model is cast in Lipowitz's metal using a plaster mold.

Face↗

PubMed1988

[Lateral ligament injury of the anterior ankle joint in sports].

During the last few years adequate therapy of ruptures of the fibular ligaments has been a subject of controversial discussions. Several authors consider operative and functional treatment to be almost equally good. In a retrospective study recent ankle ligament ruptures in 120 athletes were analysed with regard as to how the accident happened, the condition of the used sport shoe and the correlation between radiology and intraoperative findings. All cases were treated operatively because of an instability exceeding 10 degrees in the a.p.-stress X-ray. In a follow-up examination including 80 patients 35 to 46 months after operative reconstruction subjective complaints, ability for sports as well as clinical and radiological findings were taken into consideration. Special attention was paid to the possibility of degenerative lesions after plaster immobilisation and to the results of x-ray stress stability examinations. The result of our study confirmed the superiority of operative reconstruction of a two-ligament-injury including a p.o. cast immobilisation. There were only a few cases with functional impairment or limitation of sports activities. No degenerative change could be detected via x-rays. In respect of literature studies, and based on our results, we recommend an individually adapted therapy concept depending on the special situation of the patient. Our follow-up treatment consists of early functional exercises in a windowed cast and a total immobilisation time with a walking plaster of 4 weeks. Alternative methods like the special shoe by Dr. Spring or functional splints are recommended for exceptional cases only.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006