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For over fifty years optometrists have treated anomalous retinal correspondence with techniques which may owe much of their success to an effect on the motor system. This paper will review a sample of these techniques and speculate on how considering the motor system may enhance strabismus therapy.
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A variety of cells are involved in the pathogenesis of amblyopia : ON, OFF, ON-OFF cells, postsynaptic cells, neurons of striate cortex and the select interest of the macula. The need for stimulation of these cells in treating amblyopia forms the theoretical basis of the Flicker stimulator with red monochromatic light (LED, 655 nm). The authors present a clinical investigation on 35 subjects with anisometropic or strabismic amblyopia, before extensive treatment with classic anti-amblyopic techniques without satisfactory improvement obtaining significant statistical results (p less than 0,001).
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The purpose of this study was to review the literature pertaining to non-surgical cure rates for strabismus published since 1958 and compare it to Flom's prognostic model. However, no studies were found that could be compared directly to Flom's model. One reason for this was due to the use of different definitions of a cure by different clinicians. Another reason was the failure to categorize the data according to the effect that retinal correspondence, frequency, and direction of the deviation had on the cure rates. From the studies which specified Flom's functional cure or its equivalent, it was determined that strabismic cure rates could be broken down as follows: Constant esotropia-29%; Intermittent esotropia-73% Constant exotropia-53%; Intermittent exotropia-62% Suggestions were made for the reporting of data to make future research more comparable and useful to the practitioner.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
A guide to the ophthalmologist in the choice of the older child with amblyopia most likely to respond to active intensive visual stimulation in short bursts is presented. A series of 99 children treated on a CAM vision-stimulator is described. Visual improvement of at least two rows of letters on the Snellen chart was maintained for at least three years after treatment in 62% of these patients aged between five and nine years with visual fixation within 3 degrees of the fovea. Amblyopia following minor trauma or minor pathology also responded well. Children maintaining the visual improvement were those with esophoria up to 13 degrees, those with hypermetropia up to 11.0 D and those with astigmatism of 1.5 D. Also responding well were children with anisometropia with up to 3.0 D of either hypermetropia or astigmatism.
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Electronic image synthesizers and imagers with colour CRT's offer a considerable scope for the study of the visual system. However, the synthesis of optimum bioengineering systems assumes a number of requirements for ophthalmic devices should be fulfilled. Such requirements have been induced in general and particular technical principles of designing ophthalmic devices.
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This project demonstrates the use of neuromuscular reeducation biofeedback as a treatment for strabismus. Of the three subjects treated, an exotrope and an esotrope were cured according to pre-defined criteria and an exotrope with a dense monocular cataract was improved. Treatment consisted of monitoring eye positions using infrared sensors and feeding back information on relative ocular deviations coded in the form of a tone.
One hundred consecutive optometric vision therapy patients' records were evaluated to determine what changes occurred in the visual processing system. An ordinal visual performance scale was utilized to rate visual functioning on a one hundred point scale. The scale divides the visual processing system into 10 functions of 10 points each. Each of the 10 functions improved at the .001 level of significance as a consequence of the binocular vision therapy treatment program.