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PubMed1982

Rapid quantitation of serum immunoglobulins with a miniature centrifugal analyzer.

For these quantitative turbidimetric assays for immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM in serum, the reagents used are commercially available in kit form. The two-point assays are performed with a miniature centrifugal analyzer (GEMENI, Electro-Nucleonics, Inc.). The reading taken 5 s after mixing is used to correct for specimen turbidity. Run-to-run precision (CV) was typically 5% (range: 3.0-8.7%). Excellent correlation with radial immunodiffusion was observed for each test (r greater than 0.98 for each test). The dynamic range of each test extends above and below the reference-interval ranges.

Centrifugation↗
PubMed1978

Femoral venipuncture for repeated blood sampling in miniature swine.

Repetitive blood sampling of miniature swine was accomplished by percutaneous puncture of the femoral vein. Swine were restrained manually in dorsal recumbency. The skin was penetrated in the inguinal area approximately 2.5 cm laterally to the most posterior mammary gland with a 21-gauge, 3 cm (1.5 inch) needle. Ten milliliters of blood were withdrawn of frequent intervals for 4 months without apparent harm to the animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Miniaturized plate and screws in mandibular fractures : results in 22 cases (author's transl)].

The authors describe the results of their use of miniaturized plates and screws in mandibular fractures. For the last 25 months they have used this osteosynthetic technique by the endobuccal approach with monocortical fixation of the plates in all displaced mandibular fractures requiring surgical reduction. No post-operative blocking has occurred. The technique was used in 22 patients with 27 osteosyntheses of the fracture focus : 34 plates were applied. Several technical points are emphasized, especially inter-maxillary blocking, and a critical analysis made of the material used, the method of osteosynthesis applied, and the results obtained. These were good but involve only a small number of cases treated by the same surgeon. The method appears to be effective, difficult but feasible, and one which is of incomparable comfort for the patient.

Bone Plates↗
PubMed1980

Pseudoachondroplastic dysplasia in miniature poodles: clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features.

The clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of pseudoachondroplastic dysplasia were studied in 13 affected Miniature Poodles. The disease became evident when pups were about 3 weeks old. Normal-appearing and affected pups were in the same litter, and both sexes were affected. Abnormal locomotion with abducted hindlimbs and flattened rib cages were accompanied by short, bent limbs and enlarged joints. Radiographically, areas of stippling and patchy densities were evident in the epiphyses. Histologically, these densities were identified as areas of bone associated with retarded ossification. After growth is completed, the epiphyses, ossify, but the bones are shortened and deformed. General health appears normal, except for restricted locomotion due to secondary arthritis and difficult breathing in dogs with a deformed thorax.

Achondroplasia↗
PubMed1980

[Glucose tolerance in miniature swine].

Miniature pigs of the "Mini-Lewe" breed were used to study the behavior of glucose and insulin. Firstly, the blood glucose levels within definite intervals of life were determined, thereafter glucose and insulin data were collected during a day and for a period of 60 min (taking 5 blood samples). In intravenous glucose tolerance tests animals with varying glucose utilization were established.

Aging↗
PubMed1978

Regional coronary blood flow at rest and during high sustained +Gz in a miniature swine with subclinical, ischemic, coronary heart disease due to coronary stenosis.

New-generation high-performance aircraft can produce levels of high sustained +Gz which may exceed man's physiological capacity to withstand such stress. The severity of this stress has led to concern that sudden incapacitation due to coronary heart disease could occur during sustained +Gz. This report presents results obtained from an apparently asymptomatic miniature swine with a severe stenosis of the left anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. Regional coronary blood flow was measured with the radiolabeled microsphere technique using 9 +/- 0.8 microgram diameter microspheres. Under resting conditions, myocardial blood flow was marginally depressed in the areas distal to the coronary stenosis. When the animal was exposed to +7 Gz, a large portion of the heart became acutely ischemic due to a redistribution of coronary blood flow. After 49 x of exposure to +7 Gz, the animal developed fatal ventricular fibrillation. Histologically, the areas of myocardium supplied by the stenosed vessel showed a variety of ischemia-induced lesions, including infarction and patchy myocardial fibrosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Mineral composition of urinary calculi from miniature schnauzer dogs.

The mineral composition of 150 calculi from the urinary tracts of Miniature Schnauzer dogs was determined by qualitative and quantitative methods. Struvite was the predominant mineral in 92% of the calculi. Other calculi contained predominantly apatite, calcium oxalate, ammonium urate, or silica. Most calculi were from the urinary bladder or urethra, or both. Four were from the renal pelves. Struvite calculi were more frequently encountered in females than males. The mean age of the dogs at the time of detection of calculi was 4.8 years. Qualitative analysis failed to detect some minerals that were identified by quantitative analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Gene constitution of miniature "shiba" goats (author's transl)].

Genetic surveys were carried out on the miniature "Shiba" goats which have been raised in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. Recently, in thhe prefecture the number of "Shiba" goats have been markedly decreased to totally about 190 which are kept now only in two towns. Morphological genetic traits were observed to have been coming homogenous in Nagasaki Prefecture, and homogeneity of the traits in the colonies kept the National Institute of Animal Industry and in Stock Farm of University of Tokyo, especially in the latter, was remarkably high. The "Shiba" goats have white coat color, horns and supernumerary teats, but not wattles. Electrophoretic examinations of genetic variations at 27 blood protein loci revealed that variability in the "Shiba" goat populations were lower than that of the Japanese Saanen breed, and that the amount of gene flow from the Saanen breed into the "Shiba" goats was estimated to be smaller than into the present-day Okinawa meat goats. The genetic variability of the colony in Stock Farm of University of Tokyo was observed to be conspicuously low. From the results of pedigree analysis such a decay of genetic variability was postulated to come about from unavoidable inbreeding resulted from smallness both in numbers of foundation animals and in effective population size of the colony.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Optic nerve hypoplasia in three Miniature Poodles.

Three young Miniature Poodles, including 2 littermates, were referred independently for evaluation of visual deficits and aberrant behavior. One dog was blind, another had minimal useful vision, and a 3rd had relatively normal vision-directed behavior. Reduced pupillary reflexes and poor menace responses were demonstrable in 5 of 6 eyes. The diagnosis in each case was optic nerve hypoplasia.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Miniaturization of the vitrophage: vitrectomy instrument.

We have developed a miniaturized vitrectomy instrument tip called the "miniphage". This system is useful to remove membranes and congenital and traumatic cataracts in children. The miniphage cuts taut intravitreal bands and preretinal membranes efficiently.

Child↗
PubMed1980

Resting metabolism of Yucatan miniature swine.

Oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, rectal temperature and skin temperatures were measured in six conscious Yucatan miniature swine. Heat production was calculated from oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production data. Under ambient conditions (20 degrees C), the parameters studied were similar to what has been reported for conventional domestic swine. During 90 minutes of cold exposure (0 degrees C), oxygen consumption increased by approximately 50%. At 0 degrees C, excessive shivering and grunting were noticeable and were associated with decreases in skin and rectal temperature.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Struvite urolithiasis in a litter of miniature Schnauzer dogs.

Magnesium ammonium phosphate calculi developed in the urinary bladders and urethras of four of five offspring of Miniature Schnauzer parents with recurrent struvite urolithiasis. Calculi were detected by radiograhy when the dogs were 12 to 15 months old. Males and females were affected. A significant number of urease-producing staphylococci were identified in the urine of three of four dogs before urolith formation, and in one dog after urolith formation. The dogs were evaluated until they were 26 months old. Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium were inside usual limits throughout the study. Abnormalities that might predispose to urinary tract infection were not identified by radiography or necropsy studies. In one dog, bladder calculi recurred after surgical removal of multiple cystoliths. In another, urethral obstruction and acute generalized pyelonephritis induced a lethal uremic crisis. Gross and microscopic lesions, detected after necropsy of all dogs with uroliths, were typical of bacterial infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Miniature squamous cells in gynecological smears: high association with epithelial lesions].

The frequence of abnormal smears in gynecological cytologies containing miniature squamous cells (MSC) was studied. Every smear containing MSC was collected from 5.000 consecutive smears. Two hundred thirty three cases (4.66%) containing MSC collected. The general frequence of abnormal smears was 2.04%, while this frequence was 24.89% in cases with MSC (p < 10(-8). 114 cases with MSC had an atrophic pattern, 10.5% of them being abnormal smears; 119 cases with MSC had an estrogenic/progestative pattern, 38.7% of them being abnormal smears (p < 0.05). 53.2% of smears containing MSC and keratohyaline granules had a cytological diagnosis of epithelial lesion or were atypic, while only 10.4% of cases with MSC and without keratohyaline granules had these diagnosis (p < 10(-6)). The frequence of abnormal smears was significantly higher in cases with MSC than the general frequence of abnormal smears, especially in cases also having a non-atrophic pattern or containing keratohyaline granules.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Real-time, in vivo measurement of radiation dose during radioimmunotherapy in mice using a miniature MOSFET dosimeter probe.

This report presents the first real-time measurement of absorbed radiation dose during radioimmunotherapy in mice. Dose rate and total dose at the center of the tumor were measured after administration of 90Y-labeled antibodies using a miniature metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor radiation dosimeter probe which was inserted into the center of the tumor volume. Continuous real-time measurements were made for as long as 23 h after injection of the radiolabeled antibodies. Comparison of the real-time dose-rate measurements with estimates based on the MIRD formalism indicates good agreement. The real-time measurements are further compared to measurements made in a second experiment in which groups of mice were sacrificed at individual times after injection of the same radiolabeled antibodies. The real-time measurements agree well with the measurements in excised tumors. The real-time measurements have greater time resolution and are much more efficient than traditional uptake measurements.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Miniature field-flow fractionation system for analysis of blood cells.

Field-flow fractionation is an analytical tool that has been historically used to separate species, ranging from molecules to particles or cells several micrometers in size. This technology can effect separation by size, density, charge, or other physical properties, depending on the configuration of the field-flow system. We have developed a miniature field-flow system to analyze cell populations in a small, 125-microns-deep channel 19 cm long. Gravity is used as the primary field to effect separation, and cell analysis is performed in < 20 min. Erythrocytes elute as a single peak when diluted blood is fractionated in this system. Analysis of blood samples from several donors (normal controls and patients with sickle cell anemia) yields erythrocyte peaks with slightly different mobilities (elution times). Peak mobility does not directly correlate with mean cell volume or other standard erythrocyte parameters. Cell density appears to be a key factor in determining cell mobility with this system.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1994

Docosapentaenoic acid is converted to docosahexaenoic acid in the retinas of normal and prcd-affected miniature poodle dogs.

PURPOSE: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) is the major fatty acid of photoreceptor membranes that is necessary for optimal retinal function. Miniature poodle dogs with progressive rod-cone degeneration have lower plasma levels of DHA than normal dogs and higher 22:5n-3/22:6n-3 ratios. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the metabolic defect in dogs affected with progressive rod-cone degeneration was a reduced capacity for ocular synthesis of DHA from its precursor 22:5n-3. METHODS: The in vivo retinal conversion of [14C]22:5n-3 to [14C]22:6n-3 was investigated by injecting normal dogs and dogs affected with progressive rod-cone degeneration intravitreally with [14C]22:5n-3. After 72 hours, rod outer segments, remaining retina, and retinal pigment epithelium/choroid were analyzed for metabolic products. RESULTS: Using high-performance liquid chromatography, six radioactive peaks were detected in both normal and affected dogs: [14C]20:5n-3, [14C]22:6n-3, [14C]22:5n-3, [14C]24:6n-3, [14C]24:5n-3, and [14C]18:0. The majority of the label in each tissue was in 22:6n-3 and there was no difference in the dpm% of [14C]22:6n-3 in normal and affected animals in any of the three tissues. Voss et al (J Biol Chem 1991;266:19995-20000) proposed a new pathway for the synthesis of DHA that involves elongation of 22:5n-3 to 24:5n-3, desaturation to 24:6n-3, and beta-oxidation to 22:6n-3. Identification of the products [14C]24:5n-3 and [14C]24:6n-3 verified that these putative intermediates are present in the dog retina. CONCLUSIONS: The finding of large amounts of label in DHA shows that the normal and progressive rod-cone-degenerated retina and retinal pigment epithelium are capable of DHA synthesis from 22:5n-3. The presence of radioactivity in 24:5n-3 and 24:6n-3 suggests that the synthesis of DHA in the retina is similar to that described in the liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Modification by vincristine action of the appearance of miniature potentials in the frog neuromuscular junction].

Effects of Vincristine (VCR) are compared to those of Vinblastine (VLB) on spontaneous miniature end-plate potentials (mepp) recorded intracellulary from myoneural junctions of the frog. A decrease of mepp amplitude and an enhancement of mepp frequency are observed with VCR as well as VLB. But VCR induces spontaneous giant potentials later than VLB, only after washing the preparation with drug-free Ringer solution for 20-40 min. It is concluded that VCR may interact with several pre- and post-synaptic loci.

Animals↗