Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “MEDROXYPROGESTERONE”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,783 records · Page 99Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Lipid metabolic studies in oophorectomized women. Effects of three different progestogens.

Ten oophorectomized women (ranging in age from 27 to 45 years, having a mean age of 34.5 years with a standard deviation of 5.3) were given three different progestogens (norgestrel, norethisterone and medroxyprogesterone) in treatment periods of 3 weeks' duration immediately preceded by 3 weeks "wash out" periods. Venous blood samples were drawn before and after each treatment period. Free and total cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids were determined in the three lipoprotein fractions: Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL). Individual phosphatides were determined after thin layer chromatography. In addition, the relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin and cholesterol esters were assessed by gas-liquid-chromatography. Both norethisterone and norgestrel caused a decrease in alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol. The relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin revealed an increase of biochemical pathway 1 for liver lecithin synthesis on norgestrel and norethisterone but no major changes on medroxyprogesterone. With norgestrel an increase in serum-lysolecithin concomitant with a decrease in lecithin was observed, while the two other progestogens did not induce any significant changes. From the present data it is suggested that the 19-norethisterone derivatives, norethisterone and especially norgestrel, have androgen-like influences on lipid metabolism. Medroxyprogesterone, being a 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, caused less changes and consequently less disturbance of lipid metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Continuous low-dose oestrogen and progestogen hormone replacement therapy: a randomised trial.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the efficacy and acceptability of combined continuous low-dose oestrogen and low-dose progestogen therapy, to determine whether any of three commercially available progestogens had any advantages or disadvantages in these circumstances and whether use of the lowest clinically effective oestrogen dose affected other outcomes being measured. DESIGN: A 12-month, prospective, open label, single centre, randomised trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy-five postmenopausal women already receiving hormone replacement therapy in the form of conjugated equine oestrogens (CEE) (0.625 mg daily) and cyclical medroxyprogesterone acetate (10 mg) and experiencing withdrawal bleeding were changed to a continuous daily regimen of 0.3 mg CEE and a random allocation of one of three low-dose progestogens (medroxyprogesterone acetate 2.5 mg, levonorgestrel 30 micrograms or norethisterone 350 micrograms). Return to a dose of 0.625 mg CEE was permitted if required to control menopausal symptoms with separate analysis of this group when appropriate. OUTCOMES MEASURED: Menopausal symptom score, clinical bleeding pattern, endometrial biopsy results, forearm bone density and content, serum lipids and side effects. RESULTS: Fifteen women withdrew from the trial, five because of irregular bleeding. In the remainder, amenorrhoea was achieved in 53% by three months, in 67% by six months and in 93% by 12 months. Endometrial biopsy showed atrophic endometrium by 12 months in all but one patient, in whom minimal proliferative activity was seen. Twenty-seven women chose to return to a dose of 0.625 mg CEE. In all groups, final control of menopausal symptoms improved. All regimens were bone sparing and the lipid profile was unchanged. Minimal side effects were experienced by the patients. There was little difference in outcome between the three progestogens except that norethisterone therapy was associated with a greater prevalence of amenorrhoea at six months than was seen in the levonorgestrel and medroxyprogesterone acetate groups. CONCLUSIONS: These low-dose continuous oestrogen and progestogen regimens appear an appropriate option for the postmenopausal woman wishing to eliminate withdrawal bleeding and reduce both hormonal side effects and menopausal symptoms. The long term benefits of these regimens with regard to the prevention of osteoporotic fractures, cardiovascular disease and endometrial cancer need to be further assessed over time.

Bone Density↗
PubMed1975

A new treatment for hirsutism.

Twenty-four hirsute female patients were treated with 100 mg of depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate intramuscularly every 15 days. Twenty-three showed definite improvement from their abnormal hair growth. All patients with initially elevated 17-ketosteroids in 24-hour urine collections showed a decrease of these metabolites with treatment. In eleven patients the initial plasma testosterone level was elevated and returned to normal values with treatment. The first patient who was submitted to this therapy stopped the treatment for 5 months and started having abnormal hair growth again. With other patients, after initial treatment with depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate intramuscularly, we started using contraception pills containing medroxyprogesterone; this maintained the reduced ectopic hair growth. The most important side effect was amenorrhea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Effects of sex hormones on serum levels of nitric oxide and plasma angiotensin II in postmenopausal women].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of estrogen and progestin on the blood levels of nitric oxide and angiotensin II in aid of the application of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. METHODS: The serum nitric oxide and plasma angiotensin II levels in postmenopausal women were determined before and 3 months after oral intake of estradiol valerate 1 mg/day (n = 10) or estradiol valerate, 1 mg/d plus medroxyprogesterone acetate, 2 mg/d (n = 30). RESULTS: The serum nitric oxide levels of postmenopausal women were significantly increased by 3 months of oral estradiol valerate 1 mg/d (P < 0.05), whereas the plasma levels of angiotensin II tended to decrease. The positive correlation between the increases of nitric oxide and the changes of estradial 3 months after oral intake of estradiol valerate 1 mg/d was significant. Compared with the baseline, no significant changes were observed in both serum nitric oxide levels and plasma angiotensin II levels 3 months after oral intake of estradiol valerate, 1 mg/d plus medroxyprogesterone acetate, 2 mg/d (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The vascular functions can be improved through increasing the serum nitric oxide level after 3-month oral intake of estradiol valerate, 1 mg/d in postmenopausal women, and estradiol valerate plus medroxyprogesterone acetate intake may attenuate the beneficial effects.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differences in vaginal dryness according to hormone therapy schedule using pH test strip in two groups of postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE: To compare vaginal dryness in two groups of postmenopausal women according to hormone replacement therapy schedule using pH test strip. METHODS: Twenty-two healthy postmenopausal women were divided into two groups according to the treatment they received: Group I, conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) 0.625 mg/day (n = 15); Group II, CEE 0.625 mg/day plus medroxyprogesterone 2.5 mg/day (n = 7). Vaginal dryness intensity was analyzed using an analog visual scale and vaginal humidity by measuring the moistening, in millimeters, of a pH test strip. Both were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after the beginning of treatment. The comparison among groups and between baseline and final results was done with Student's t test for paired and independent samples, respectively. RESULTS: No differences were found in age and in anthropometric variables among the groups. In both groups, vaginal dryness intensity significantly decreased and the pH test strip moistening significantly increased, but the magnitude of the moistening was greater in the group with medroxyprogesterone. CONCLUSIONS: When medroxyprogesterone was added to estrogen therapy, a greater vaginal moistening of pH test strip was observed than when estrogen was used alone.

Drug Administration Schedule↗
PubMed2004

Contraception continuation rates and reasons for discontinuation in Zahedan, Islamic Republic of Iran.

We evaluated contraception continuation rates and discontinuation reasons in Zahedan among 1741 women from 1998-2000. By Kaplan-Meier technique continuation rates were 92% for low dose combined hormonal oral contraceptives (OC), 86% for a levonorgestrel-releasing implant, 82% for intrauterine devices (IUD) and 53% for medroxyprogesterone acetate at the first year. After 3 years, continuation was 78% for levonorgestrel implant, 70% for OC, 60% for IUD and 44% for medroxyprogesterone acetate. The commonest reason for discontinuing OC and medroxyprogesterone acetate was changing method; for IUD and levonorgestrel-releasing implant, the commonest reason was side-effects. By Cox regression model, continuation rate and contraceptive type were significantly related to health centre.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Lipid changes after hormone replacement therapy for menopause.

Three regimens of hormone replacement therapy were administered to 62 postmenopausal women for a period of 12 weeks and evaluated for their effect on blood lipids. Each group was given a continuous dose of 0.625 mg of conjugated estrogens combined with either a continuous dose of 2.5 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate or 5.0 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate, or a cyclic dose of 5.0 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate on days 17-28 of the cycle. After treatment there was a significant decrease in the total cholesterol (P less than .0007) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (P less than .0001) together with a significant increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (P less than .0029). There was no significant difference in the response of the blood lipids to the three hormone groups. Therefore, preference would depend on the combination that caused the least bleeding or amenorrhea.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1989

A prospective 1-year study of estrogen and progestin in postmenopausal women: effects on the endometrium.

The endometrial response to oral, cyclic conjugated equine estrogens with and without the randomized addition of medroxyprogesterone acetate was evaluated in 95 postmenopausal women with respect to morphology and bleeding patterns. At 1 year, therapy with 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogens or 1.25 mg conjugated equine estrogens for 25 days of a 30-day cycle and 5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate added to the last 11 days of the conjugated equine estrogens cycle was associated with hyperplasia in 0 and 10% of the patients, respectively (P = not significant). Hyperplasia developed in 30 and 57% of the patients who received the above conjugated equine estrogens and placebo regimens, respectively. Irregular, breakthrough bleeding occurred in 14% of the conjugated equine estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate users and in 54% of the conjugated equine estrogens/placebo users. The results of this study indicate that 1 year of therapy with 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogens and 5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate provided the most satisfactory endometrial protection against hyperplasia and was associated with relatively low rates of breakthrough bleeding.

Drug Therapy, Combination↗
PubMed1983

Postmolar trophoblastic disease in women using hormonal contraception with and without estrogen.

One hundred thirteen patients with a molar pregnancy evacuated from January 5, 1976, through February 15, 1980, had close follow-up at the Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Women's Hospital. Twenty-seven patients (23.9%) developed postmolar trophoblastic disease, all of whom achieved remission with treatment. Of the 113 patients, 71 (62.8%) used only oral contraceptives, 32 patients (28.3%) used only intramuscular medroxyprogesterone acetate, seven patients (6.2%) used both oral contraceptives and medroxyprogesterone acetate, and three patients (2.7%) used nonhormonal contraception after evacuation of their molar pregnancy and before titer remission. Analysis of significant clinical and laboratory correlates of postmolar trophoblastic disease for the study group revealed no substantial bias in assignment of contraceptive method. There was no significant difference between the oral contraceptive and the medroxyprogesterone acetate groups with respect to the development of postmolar trophoblastic disease or the time to spontaneous titer remission. The study shows no apparent adverse effect of the estrogen (50 mg mestranol) component in oral contraceptives on the frequency of postmolar trophoblastic disease.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1982

The effects of progestins on vasomotor flushes.

For patients with severe vasomotor flushes who require therapy but for whom estrogens are contraindicated, progestins can be tried. These drugs appear to offer the benefit of a reduction of vasomotor flushes without such unwanted side effects as the increased risk of contracting endometrial cancer. However, progestins cannot replace estrogens universally since there is no evidence that they prove effective against osteoporosis-related fractures and genital atrophy. Nonetheless, as more physicians begin to add medroxyprogesterone acetate to the estrogen regimen to reduce the risk of endometrial hyperplasia, it might be that a lower dose of estrogen will be necessary to relieve flushes. We hope that this additive effect exists, although it has not yet been shown. Whether or not the addition of medroxyprogesterone will carry risks or counteract the beneficial effects of estrogens on such disorders as osteoporosis remains to be elucidated. What is clear from the medroxyprogesterone and estrogen studies is that whenever these drugs are discontinued, the vasomotor flushes can recur, albeit with less intensity and less frequency.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

[3H-thymidine incorporation under endocrine influence and hormone receptor content of human mammary carcinoma (author's transl)].

The effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate, oestradiol-17 beta and testolactone on 3H-thymidine incorporation in human mammary carcinoma was studied in vitro. 54% of the tumours reacted to medroxyprogesterone, while testolactone and oestradiol-17 beta changed 3H-thymidine incorporation in 45.1 and 41.3%, respectively. Both inhibition and the in vivo undesirable stimulation of 3H-thymidine incorporation was observed. No relation could be established between oestrogen receptor content and reaction of the mammary carcinoma to oestradiol-17 beta. On the other hand, the gestagen receptor content and the reaction of the mammary carcinoma to medroxyprogesterone acetate correlated significantly (P < 0.001). This underlines the increasing significance of the gestagen receptor in the selective endocrine treatment of mammary carcinoma.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of transdermal and oral sequential gestagen in combination with transdermal estradiol: effects on bleeding patterns and endometrial histology.

OBJECTIVE: To assess prospectively the effect on bleeding patterns, transformation of the endometrium, and rate of endometrial hyperplasia of transdermal norethisterone acetate when administered sequentially in combination with transdermal estradiol (E2), and to compare it to a regimen using oral medroxyprogesterone acetate. METHODS: Two hundred eighteen women were randomized to receive either transdermal E2 0.05 mg/day for 14 days followed by transdermal E2 0.05 mg/day plus transdermal norethisterone acetate 0.25 mg/day for 14 days, or transdermal E2 0.05 mg/day for 25 days with the addition of oral medroxyprogesterone acetate 10 mg/day on days 16-25, followed by a 3-day treatment-free period. Treatment was planned for 13 cycles of 28 days. The subjects kept daily bleeding diaries, and endometrial biopsies were taken before and at the end of treatment. RESULTS: The mean duration of bleeding (regular) induced by the gestagen was 7.33 days in the transdermal gestagen-treated group, which was 1.54 days longer than in the oral gestagen-treated group (P = .0001). The mean cycle day of onset was 25.74. Bleeding was spotting or light in the transdermal group in 77% of the days in which bleeding occurred. When comparing the two groups, there were no differences in the overall mean cycle day of onset or in the intensity of gestagen-induced bleeding. Breakthrough (irregular) bleeding episodes occurred in 42% of the transdermal subjects, lasted a mean of 4.18 days, and were spotting or light in 87% of the days when they occurred. There were no differences between the treatment groups. There was only one case (1.3%) of confirmed simple hyperplasia and five cases of failure of gestagenic transformation of the endometrium in 77 women treated for a mean of 367 days with transdermal gestagen. CONCLUSION: A transdermal system delivering a combination of E2 and norethisterone acetate for 14 days in sequence with E2 delivered transdermally for 14 days produced bleeding patterns that are clinically acceptable and comparable to those produced by oral medroxyprogesterone acetate given in sequence with E2 delivered transdermally for 25 days. The use of the combination system was not associated with a significant risk of endometrial hyperplasia.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1997

Effect of progestogens and androgens upon spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in dogs.

Two different progestogens, mixed testosterone esters, and a combination of progestogen and androgens were evaluated for their effect on semen quality and peripheral plasma testosterone and LH concentration in dogs. Megestrol acetate (2 mg kg-1) given orally for 7 days, and medroxyprogesterone acetate (10 mg kg-1) given subcutaneously produced no change in semen quality compared with that of control dogs. Higher doses of megestrol acetate (4 mg kg-1) produced minor secondary sperm abnormalities, whereas 20 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate kg-1 produced a rapid and significant decrease in sperm motility, morphology and output. The effect of progestogen was probably mediated by action upon the epididymis, since semen quality declined rapidly, morphological changes were the result of more secondary sperm abnormalities, and there was no suppression of plasma LH concentration. Mixed testosterone esters (5 mg kg-1) produced a significant decline in semen quality, which occurred 3 weeks after treatment and persisted for 3 months. There was an increase in the number of primary sperm abnormalities, and it was thought that the effect was probably related to suppression of gonadotrophin resulting in an effect on spermatogenesis. The combination of mixed testosterone esters (5 mg kg-1) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (20 mg kg-1) produced a rapid and profound decrease in semen quality. It was postulated that the effect of this combination of treatment on semen quality was mediated directly by the progestogen upon the epididymal phase of development, and the androgen causing suppression of gonadotrophins. Indeed a reduction in the plasma LH concentration was noted, and both primary and secondary sperm abnormalities were present. The dog appears to differ from other species in the sensitivity of the pituitary-hypothalamus to progestogen feedback. Gonadotrophin suppression does not occur even when high doses of progestogens are used and there are no significant effects on libido. However, combinations of progestogens and androgens may provide a clinically useful method of reversible contraception in the dog.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Changes in the lipoprotein profile in postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy. Effects of natural and synthetic progesterone.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate and micronized progesterone on the lipid profile of postmenopausal women receiving conjugated equine estrogen. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, clinical study of the changes in lipoprotein profile evaluated in 123 postmenopausal women receiving conjugated estrogen alone (group I), conjugated estrogen combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate (group II) or micronized progesterone (group III) before treatment and six months after. RESULTS: Group I had significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (14.4%) after six months as well as decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations (-6.61%), LDL/HDL and total cholesterol/HDL-C ratios (P < .05). In groups II and III, HDL-C concentrations increased 4.58% and 5.44%, respectively, after six months. LDL-C levels were markedly decreased in group II (8.98%). There was no significant reduction in LDL-C levels in group III. Total cholesterol levels were significantly decreased only in group II (-4.93%). Triglyceride levels were increased with statistical significance only in group III (21.2%, P < .05). LDL/HDL and total cholesterol/ HDL-C ratios were significantly decreased in group II, and this effect was more pronounced in group I. There was no change in the ratios in group III. CONCLUSION: Conjugated estrogen replacement therapy had a persistent cardioprotective effect in postmenopausal women, based on the positive effect on lipoprotein metabolism. Both natural and synthetic progesterones blunt the beneficial effects of estrogen on the lipoprotein profile, and micronized progesterone is not superior to medroxyprogesterone acetate.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of depo-provera in teens.

Currently, depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate is the only contraceptive injection available in the United States. Its use was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in October 1992. This article describes the mechanisms of action, advantages, disadvantages, and contraindications of this very effective contraceptive agent. In addition, the initial workup, the treatment, and the follow-up of the teen receiving depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Effect of progestogens on estrogen-induced lipoprotein changes.

A study was performed to evaluate the role of progestogens, on estrogen-induced changes in lipoprotein levels. Sixty postmenopausal symptomatic women, aged 36-59, were included in the study. They were prospectively randomized to a sequential schedule (n = 20), 17 beta-estradiol transdermally 0.05 mg/day on days 1-24 and medroxyprogesterone acetate 10 mg/day orally on days 15-24 or a continuous schedule (n = 20), 17 beta-estradiol transdermally 0.05 mg/day and medroxyprogesterone acetate 2.5 mg/day orally on days 1-24. Patients who had total abdominal hysterectomy+bilateral salphingooopherectomy (n = 20) received only 17 beta-estradiol 0.05 mg/day continuously. Serum total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels were determined prior to and at the 3rd, 6th and 9th month of therapy in all groups. Mean TC, TG and LDL cholesterol levels did not change significantly during therapy (P > 0.05). Only the mean HDL cholesterol levels showed significant increases in all groups; from 42.30 +/- 9.97 mg/dl to 64.10 +/- 6.81 mg/dl in group I (P < 0.001), from 41.85 +/- 9.09 mg/dl to 60.65 +/- 7.41 mg/dl in group II (P < 0.001) and from 40.70 +/- 11.26 mg/dl to 58.80 +/- 7.74 mg/dl in group III (P < 0.001). It is concluded that medroxyprogesterone acetate, whether used continuously or sequentially, does not oppose the beneficial effects of transdermal 17 beta-estradiol on the lipoprotein profile.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

In vitro effect of synthetic progestogens on estrone sulfatase activity in human breast carcinoma.

The effect of progesterone and nine synthetic progestogens on the activity rate of microsome estrone sulfatase obtained from human breast carcinoma tissues was studied. The progestogens were classified into three groups: group I with a strict inhibitor effect: demegestone and chlormadinone acetate; group II with a strict activator effect: medroxyprogesterone acetate, quingestanol acetate, lynestrenol and progesterone and group III with a nonsignificant effect: dydrogesterone, promegestone, norgestrel and danazol. Demegestone was the most potent inhibitor and medroxyprogesterone acetate and quingestanol acetate had the highest activator effect. The effect of Triton X-100, a nonionic detergent, was also tested. This detergent consistently increased the microsome estrone sulfatase activity. A comparison was made between the effects of demegestone, medroxyprogesterone acetate and danazol on estrone sulfatase activity measured with or without Triton X-100 in the incubation medium. The presence of the detergent modified the progestogen action. Our results suggest that synthetic progestogens can influence the estrone sulfatase activity measured in human breast carcinoma tissues. However, the effect of progestogens was dependent on experimental conditions. Progestogens such as demegestone and chlormadinone acetate which inhibited estrone sulfatase activity in intact preparations, can reduce the intracellular production of biological active estrogen via the sulfatase pathway.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2005

Effect of 17 beta-estradiol, progesterone, synthetic progestins, tibolone, and tibolone metabolites on vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA in breast cancer cells.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of 17beta-estradiol, progesterone, medroxyprogesterone acetate, levonorgestrel, norethindrone, tibolone, and tibolone metabolites on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoforms 121 and 165 mRNA in two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 (estrogen receptor rich) and T47-D (progesterone receptor rich), in vitro. DESIGN: Prospective basic research study. SETTING: Basic research laboratory. PATIENT(S): None. INTERVENTION(S): MCF-7 and T47-D cells were cultured to 80% confluence in vitro. After 24 hours' incubation in serum-free media, 1.0, 0.1, and 0.01 microM of 17beta-estradiol, tibolone, 3alpha-hydroxytibolone and 3beta-hydroxytibolone were added to MCF-7 cells. Progesterone, medroxyprogesterone acetate, levonorgestrel, norethindrone, and Delta4 tibolone at 1.0, 0.1, and 0.01 microM were added to T47-D cells. The cells plus steroids were incubated for a further 24 hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Isolation and identification of VEGF isoforms 121 and 165 using semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction, gel electrophoresis, with cyclophilin as an internal control. RESULT(S): 17beta-estradiol, tibolone, 3alpha-hydroxytibolone, and 3beta-hydroxytibolone had no effect on VEGF mRNA in MCF-7 cells. Progesterone, medroxyprogesterone acetate, levonorgestrel, and norethindrone increased VEGF mRNA in T47-D cells. Delta4-Tibolone also increased VEGF mRNA but to a lesser extent than the progestogens. CONCLUSION(S): 17beta-estradiol, tibolone, and tibolone hydroxy-metabolites had no effect on VEGF mRNA in MCF-7 cells. Progesterone and progestins increased VEGF mRNA in T47-D breast cancer cells, but Delta4-tibolone was less effective than progestogens on this angiogenic gene in the T-47 D cells. This differential effect may be related to breast cancer growth.

Breast Neoplasms↗