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PubMed1983

Interrelationships of calibre persistent artery, chronic ulcer and squamous cancer of the lower lip.

Calibre persistent arteries come close to internal and external body surfaces without ramification or reduction of their calibre. In the stomach and jejunum they may give rise to fatal haemorrhage and in the lower lip to a chronic ulcer simulating cancer. In the present case the histological findings suggest a causal connection between an artery of persistent calibre, a chronic ulcer, and squamous cancer of the lower lip.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Simulated cancer of the lower lip attributed to a "caliber persistent" artery.

Observations are reported on three lesions of the lower lip simulating cancer in elderly men and attributed to caliber persistent arteries. Persistent caliber arteries are those with a diameter larger than normal near a mucosal or external surface. Caliber persistency of the lip artery is best characterized by a quotient, using the distance from the border between epithelium and connective tissue as numerator, and its diameter as denominator. A quotient lower than 1.6 to 1.7 may be regarded as indicative of this vascular anomaly.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Cre-mediated recombination in rhombic lip derivatives.

To study the development of the cerebellum, we generated a transgenic mouse line Tg(malpha6-cre)B1LFR that expresses CRE recombinase under the GABA(A) receptor alpha6 subunit promoter. In this line, recombination of an R26R reporter allele occurred postnatally in granule cells of the cerebellum and dorsal cochlear nucleus, as well as in a subset of precerebellar nuclei in the brainstem. All neurons in which recombination occurred originated during embryogenesis from the rhombic lip. This might be explained by a very early specification event at the rhombic lip that primes cells derived from this structure to express the transgene during neuronal maturation. As no recombination occurred in the inferior olive, it may be derived from a distinct subset of precursors at the rhombic lip. No recombination occurred in any of the interneurons in the cerebellum (stellate cells, basket cells, and Golgi cells), consistent with the hypothesis that they are not derived from the same embryonic tissue as the granule cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

C/EBP beta isoforms LIP and LAP modulate progression of the cell cycle in the regenerating mouse liver.

The CCAAT enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) beta gene can produce several N-terminally truncated isoforms. Liver-enriched activator protein (LAP) is a transcriptional activator in many systems, whereas liver-enriched inhibitory protein (LIP) is regarded as a functional LAP antagonist. In this study, we examined the impact of these two proteins on cell cycle progression in the regenerating liver. Adenoviral overexpression of LAP, in addition to its role as a transactivator of liver-specific genes, led to a delayed S-phase entry of hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy (PH) in vivo. This delay was accompanied by decreased expression of cyclin A and E as well as proliferating cell nuclear antigen and decreased cyclin-dependent kinase 2 activity at the G1/S boundary. This observation is not explained by increased p21(CIP1/Waf1) expression or lack of phosphorylation of external LAP, but LAP overexpression triggered a decreased C/EBP-alpha/C/EBP-alpha-30 ratio and a reduced basal c-jun level in the liver. In contrast, adenoviral overexpression of LIP resulted in a stronger and earlier induction of cyclin A and E after PH, but did not change the timing and extent of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 activity or the amount of hepatocytes that entered S phase in this model. In the LIP expressing group, both C/EBP-alpha isoforms and c-jun were more strongly induced after PH. In conclusion, the LAP/LIP ratio is an important modulator of cell cycle progression during liver regeneration. In the context of previous studies, our results demonstrate that LAP, through a dose-dependent effect, withholds a dual activating and inhibiting role on hepatocyte proliferation in vivo.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed2006

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) in Sjögren's syndrome: a case report and a review of the literature.

Sjõgren's disease is one of the most common rheumatological diseases and can present with a variety of extra-glandular manifestations. Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonitis (LIP) is the most common lung pathology in these patients. It is important to know and recognize this condition because it is potentially treatable. It is also frequently misdiagnosed and treated as infectious pneumonia multiple times before the correct diagnosis is made. It is a benign lymphoproliferative disorder characterized histologically by interstitial infiltration with polyclonal lymphocytes and plasma cells. High-resolution CT scan of the lungs shows extensive areas of ground-glass attenuation and interlobular septal thickening with scattered thin-walled cysts. An open-lung biopsy is the best method of diagnosing this condition, as less invasive techniques do not provide an adequate tissue specimen. LIP occurs in a wide variety of settings such as autoimmune disease, HIV disease, and as an adverse reaction to some medications; it is, therefore, considered to be a nonspecific response to many stimuli. The treatment usually consists of corticosteroids and other immunosuppressants, though there have been no controlled trials to date. Establishment of a registry may help better evaluate and treat this disease. We present the case of a patient who was diagnosed with LIP secondary to Sjögren's syndrome and also review the literature available.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Signals from the dorsal blastopore lip region during gastrulation bias the ectoderm toward a nonepidermal pathway of differentiation in Xenopus laevis.

Epi 1, a monoclonal antibody, was generated against an epidermal specific epithelial antigen; it does not stain neural epithelium. We have used Epi 1 as a marker to determine when the spatial patterns delineating neural from nonneural epithelium become established. We used ventral ectoderm in a sandwich assay to show that signals from the central blastopore lip region, passing through the plane of the ectoderm sheet, define the pattern and boundary characteristics of Epi 1 expression. The dorsal blastopore lip at stages 10 and 12 are the strongest in inhibiting Epi 1 expression. The involuted chordamesoderm has only a limited inhibitory effect on Epi 1 expression in ventral ectoderm recombinates and does not appear to establish pattern boundaries. We suggest that the blastopore lip region establishes a preneural bias in the adjacent ectoderm prior to the interaction of the latter with chordamesoderm.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The lateralization of lip-read sounds: a first look.

Two tachistoscopic studies on the lateralization of lip-read still photographs in normal right handers are reported. In the first, subjects matched a still lip photograph with a heard speech sound. A clear right hemisphere (LVF) advantage emerged, despite the phonological requirements of this task. This pattern of laterality failed to interact with the type of response (same/different) or with the status of the heard phoneme; both consonant and vowel matching showed the same pattern of LVF advantage, despite the significantly greater difficulty of consonant than vowel matching in this particular task. In the second study subjects were required to speak the sound they saw being spoken by a centrally displayed face photograph. The displayed face was chimeric; that is, one side of the face was seen saying one sound, one side another. Here, a rather complex pattern of results ensued. For the speakers seen a clear expressor asymmetry emerged; speech sounds were judged more accurately when they issued from the right side of the speaker's face. However, in the LVF, and only the LFV, accuracy in reporting chimeric face sounds correlated with speed in learning to lip-read, suggesting that the LVF is systematically involved even when task demands (speaking the response, phonological analysis, small, more central displays) do not, at first sight, suggest that they should. Taken together, these studies suggest that the right hemisphere could support some aspects of the processing of seen speech in normally hearing, normally lateralized individuals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Minimal surgical approach for recurrent hip dislocation using the posterior lip augmentation device for the Charnley hip arthroplasty.

We present the management of recurrent posterior dislocations in cemented Charnley total hip arthroplasties treated with acetabular augmentation. Certain patients are elderly with comorbid conditions and diminished reserves. We have used a minimal surgical approach to implant 21 posterior lip augmentation devices in elderly patients. Ninety percent of the hips are stable with follow-up of 1 to 3 years (mean, 1.9 years). Eighty-four percent of the patients were satisfied with the outcome. Two cases, which redislocated, were further stabilized by changing the position of the posterior lip augmentation device and are stable. Because of a minimal surgical approach, the time duration of surgery, blood loss, transfusion requirement, inpatient stay, and morbidity are reduced. Posterior lip augmentation device surgery with a minimal approach is a safe and effective procedure for elderly patients who do not have any obvious cause for dislocation.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Math1 expression redefines the rhombic lip derivatives and reveals novel lineages within the brainstem and cerebellum.

The rhombic lip (RL) is an embryonic proliferative neuroepithelium that generates several groups of hindbrain neurons. However, the precise boundaries and derivatives of the RL have never been genetically identified. We use beta-galactosidase expressed from the Math1 locus in Math1-heterozygous and Math1-null mice to track RL-derived cells and to evaluate their developmental requirements for Math1. We uncover a Math1-dependent rostral rhombic-lip migratory stream (RLS) that generates some neurons of the parabrachial, lateral lemniscal, and deep cerebellar nuclei, in addition to cerebellar granule neurons. A more caudal Math1-dependent cochlear extramural stream (CES) generates the ventral cochlear nucleus and cochlear granule neurons. Similarly, mossy-fiber precerebellar nuclei require Math1, whereas the inferior olive and locus coeruleus do not. We propose that Math1 expression delimits the extent of the rhombic lip and is required for the generation of the hindbrain superficial migratory streams, all of which contribute neurons to the proprioceptive/vestibular/auditory sensory network.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Unilateral closed-lip schizencephaly and epilepsy: a comparison with cases of unilateral polymicrogyria.

We compared the electroclinical features and evolution of patients with two different types of abnormal cortical organization: unilateral closed-lip schizencephaly (SCHZ) and unilateral polymicrogyria (PMG). Between February 1990 and June 2002, 51 children with either unilateral PMG or closed-lip SCHZ were selected through neuroradiological analysis for investigation at our service. We evaluated the frequency of epilepsy, electroclinical features and evolution. The mean time of follow-up was 7 years (range 1-12 years). All patients underwent neurological examination, computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging, serial electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings and neuropsychological assessment. Thirty-six of the 51 patients had unilateral PMG. All patients had hemiparesis with mild spasticity. Mental retardation was mild in 20 and moderate in 14. In two patients IQ was normal. Partial motor seizures were recorded in 28 patients, with secondary generalization in 20. The median age at onset of seizures was 2 years (range 4 months-7 years). Interictal EEGs showed unilateral spikes in all patients. In 21 patients epilepsy worsened between the ages of 4 and 8 (mean 5.6 years) with frequent atonic seizures, atypical absences, epileptic negative myoclonus and gait difficulties. EEGs showed continuous spike-wave activity or bilateral high-frequency spike discharges during slow-wave sleep. Frequent relapses of atonic and myoclonic seizures were seen in nine patients. At present, 16 patients are seizure-free. Fifteen patients with unilateral SCHZ were included in the study. Focal motor seizures were registered in seven cases, in three of them with secondary generalization. The median age at onset of epilepsy was 2.5 years (range 1-4 years). Interictal EEGs showed unilateral spikes in these seven cases. All patients except one presented mild spastic hemiparesis. Mental retardation was mild in ten children, moderate in two and IQ was normal in three. Although the underlying mechanisms leading to PMG and SCHZ are probably similar, the electroclinical phenomenon of secondary bilateral synchrony with frequent negative myoclonus was not present in our cases with unilateral closed-lip SCHZ.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Embryonic precursor cells from the rhombic lip are specified to a cerebellar granule neuron identity.

The specification of diverse classes of neurons is critical to the development of the cerebellar cortex. Here, we describe the purification of early embryonic precursors of cerebellar granule neurons from the rhombic lip, the dorsal aspect of the midbrain/hindbrain region. Isolation of rhombic lip cells reveals a homogenous population of precursor cells that express general neuronal markers and the granule cell marker RU49, but fail to extend neurites or express differentiation markers. Differentiation is induced by coculture with external germinal layer (EGL) cells, or their membranes, suggesting that a local inducing factor acts after formation of the EGL. Thus, proliferating precursors within the rhombic lip are specified to be granule cells very early, with the availability of an inducing factor increasing over the course of development.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The rhombic lip and early cerebellar development.

Recent studies have transformed our understanding of the embryonic rhombic lip by revealing the inductive cues, regional origins and guidance molecules that pattern the development of this important structure and its derivatives. In the cerebellum, a precise combination of anteroposterior and dorsalising cues induces a stream of migratory progenitors that give rise to the external granule cell layer, while more caudally, Netrin orchestrates the migration of hindbrain rhombic lip derivatives to form the precerebellar nuclei. The rhombic lip is thus emerging as a spatiotemporally distinct epithelium whose late appearance in both development and evolution is instrumental in generating a complex, functionally related but spatially distributed neural system.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Time resolved simulation of lightning by lip.

In this letter, we report results of time resolved spectra of lightning simulation in air by laser-induced plasma (LIP). The measured electron temperatures varied from (1.7 +/- 0.1)X10(4) K at 600 ns to (1.2 +/- 0.1)X10(4)K at 4 microseconds after the ignition of the plasma. Electron densities in the plasma varied from (7.0 +/- 1.4)X10(17)/cm3 to (9.0 +/- 1.8)X10(16)/cm3 for the above times. We also present, for the first time, a comparison of state variables for LIP and natural lightning. We find that immediately following the ignition both natural lightning and LIP reach temperatures in excess of 16,000K and relax to ambient pressure with different rates. They are expected to approach 2000 - 4000 K temperature range, which is important to chemical synthesis, in an asymptotically similar fashion.

Electrons↗
PubMed2006

Microstimulation of macaque area LIP affects decision-making in a motion discrimination task.

A central goal of cognitive neuroscience is to elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying decision-making. Recent physiological studies suggest that neurons in association areas may be involved in this process. To test this, we measured the effects of electrical microstimulation in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) while monkeys performed a reaction-time motion discrimination task with a saccadic response. In each experiment, we identified a cluster of LIP cells with overlapping response fields (RFs) and sustained activity during memory-guided saccades. Microstimulation of this cluster caused an increase in the proportion of choices toward the RF of the stimulated neurons. Choices toward the stimulated RF were faster with microstimulation, while choices in the opposite direction were slower. Microstimulation never directly evoked saccades, nor did it change reaction times in a simple saccade task. These results demonstrate that the discharge of LIP neurons is causally related to decision formation in the discrimination task.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1994

Skeletodental changes in the adolescent accruing from use of the lip bumper.

Cast and cephalometric analyses were performed to measure the effects of treatment with a lip bumper. The lip bumper was fabricated from an 0.045 inch wire with shrink tubing and no acrylic shields. Nine of the 32 patients were evaluated two years after the comprehensive phase of treatment. Patients were in the mixed dentition stage of development (mean age of 9.9 yrs). A single orthodontist designed all the appliances and treated all the cases. There was significant expansion between the canines, first premolars, second premolars and molars, with the greatest expansion occurring between the first premolars. Cephalometric analysis revealed that the molars underwent angular uprighting but did not move bodily. Incisor irregularity decreased 60% during this phase of treatment. The retention cases revealed that the arch depth decreased, perhaps due to loss of leeway space, but arch widths all were broader, especially in the anterior segment, than at the end of the lip bumper phase. Incisor irregularity also remained trivial (x = 0.3 mm), suggesting appreciable stability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Velocity profiles of lip protrusion across changes in speaking rate.

The effects of speaking rate manipulation were examined in the velocity profiles of anticipatory lip protrusion gestures. Systematic changes in the shape, symmetry, and smoothness of the velocity profiles were observed as speaking rate was modulated across a wide range of self-selected rates, from fast to slow. Velocity profiles of movements produced at slower than normal speaking rates demonstrated greater asymmetry, irregularity, and differences in geometric form, compared to a normal and faster-than-normal rates. Subjects evidenced both inter- and intrasubject variability in the accomplishment of lip protrusion and rate manipulations. These results indicate that the velocity profiles of lip protrusion gestures do not necessarily remain invariant across changes in speaking rate. Rather, the data suggest that distinct movement patterns may be generated for slow speaking rates, with select characteristics of the movement pattern being maintained across normal and fast speaking rates.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Laser hair removal: a review and report on the use of the long-pulsed alexandrite laser for hair reduction of the upper lip, leg, back, and bikini region.

BACKGROUND: The mechanism and permanence of laser-assisted hair removal remains a formidable task in the medical community. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and long-term efficacy of the long-pulsed or normal mode alexandrite infrared laser for hair depilation. METHODS: Beginning in October 1996, a total of 31 anatomic sites on 22 patients ranging in age from 25 to 59 years (mean 42 years) were evaluated to assess hair removal. Treatment sites included 17 upper lips, 9 legs, 2 backs, and 3 bikini regions. Eligible patients were of Fitzpatrick skin types I-III. Patients were treated using the long-pulsed alexandrite infrared laser at 755 nm, single-pulse technique, 10 mm spot size, 10% overlap, pulse durations of 5, 10, and 20 msec, and a fluence of 20 J/cm2. Subjective patient improvement and objective, blinded graded improvement was assessed at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months. RESULTS: Objective blinded grading at 6 months revealed that hair reduction varied both with the pulse duration and anatomic location. Maximum reductions observed were 40%, 56%, 50%, and 15% for the lip, leg, back, and bikini areas, respectively. Upper lip hair reduction increased from 40% to 54% at 6 months when a second treatment was performed 8 weeks after the initial treatment. CONCLUSION: The long-pulsed alexandrite laser is safe and effective in reducing hair growth. Treatment efficacy varies with the anatomic location, pulse duration, and number of treatments. A single-pulse technique utilizing a 10 msec pulse duration at 20 J/cm2 produced the greatest hair reduction. No permanent adverse effects occurred on skin types I-III at the parameters tested.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The effect of a tibial baseplate undersurface peripheral lip on cement penetration in total knee arthroplasty.

Many total knee arthroplasty (TKA) tibial baseplates have a peripheral lip or cement pocket theoretically to increase cement penetration by decreasing edge escape of the cement squeeze film on baseplate impaction. We reviewed 177 consecutive TKAs (89 nonlipped and 87 lipped baseplates) performed by a single surgeon, using the same third-generation tibial cementation techniques. Cement penetration patterns of the lateral 12 mm of proximal tibia were examined by a semiautomatic computerized digital image analysis technique. Penetration in the lipped baseplate was double that of the nonlipped baseplate at the component's lateral edge (P<.05) and continued to be statistically significantly greater to 4 mm from edge. From 5 to 7 mm, the difference was no longer statistically significant, and from 8 to 12 mm, the penetration was equal.

Aged↗