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At least 1,783 records · Page 99Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Implementation of the WHO Global Strategy for Occupational Health for All. Plan of action: covering the specific period 1996-2001. Part I.

The WHO Executive Board, at its Ninety-Seventh Session, in January 1996, recognized the vital role of occupational health in sustainable development and public health as a whole, endorsed the WHO Global Strategy for Occupational Health for All (Resolution EB97.R6). In May 1996, the World Health Assembly discussed occupational health and adopted a resolution on the WHO Global Strategy for Occupational Health for All (WHA49.12), requesting the Director-General to promote the implementation of the Global Strategy for Occupational Health for All within the framework of the Ninth General Programme of Work. Member States were urged to devise national programmes on occupational health for all, based on the global strategy, with special attention to pull occupational health services for the working population, including migrant workers, workers in small enterprises, in the informal sector, and for other occupational groups at high risk and with special needs, including children at work. Therefore, the draft Plan of Action for the Implementation of the WHO Global Strategy for Occupational Health for All has been prepared. The description of all 10 objectives of the global strategy, at both the international and national levels, are merged with appropriate activities of WHO and other contributing organizations. The Global Network of the WHO Collaborating Centres in Occupational Health is given a special role in the implementation of the global strategy.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Survey of state public health departments on procedures for reporting elder abuse.

All 50 States have passed legislation to protect elderly victims of domestic abuse and neglect. Forty-two States have mandatory reporting laws, with health care providers considered the major professional referral service. This exploratory study of State health departments had as its goals (a) the identification of administrative awareness regarding the State law, (b) the perception of difficulties encountered in the reporting process, and (c) the development of procedures, such as written materials or training curriculum, to assist health personnel with the reporting responsibilities. The study was carried out between April and October 1989. A brief questionnaire was mailed to State health department directors. All 50 States responded, although the respondents represented varying disciplines and staff responsibilities within the health departments or were from agencies that the State had designated to investigate elder abuse. These data should be considered preliminary and suggestive of service needs. The results demonstrated an inverse relationship between awareness of the laws or regulations and specific activities to support the reporting process. Ninety-four percent of respondents were aware of the State law, but only 20 to 28 percent reported the use of written procedures or training materials specifically designed for health personnel. At the same time, approximately one-third were aware of reporting issues that needed to be addressed, including staff unfamiliarity with the regulations, concerns of confidentiality, and uneasiness about reporting in general. Part of the reason for what appears to be inactivity on the part of the State departments of health may lie in the fact that elder abuse reporting laws tend to place implementing authority with human service, aging, or law enforcement agencies rather than with health departments. The variability in reporting and investigative regulations among State elder abuse laws suggests that one national written training program or awareness campaign would be inappropriate. Individual State differences must be recognized for planning and implementation. State health departments,familiar with the law and concerned about the welfare of vulnerable populations, are critically situated to contribute to a strong protective service environment. A major responsibility is to ensure that health care providers are aware of elder abuse as a problem, know its signs, and can effectively carry out reporting obligations. Health departments can be useful facilitators in the development of interdepartmental coordination to address the complex issues of elder abuse.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health fairs bring wellness concepts to life.

Incorporated into the nursing curriculum, the health fair is a stimulating, unique, nontraditional educational project that examines effective health education tools, leadership skills, and interaction with the community. Students test theories and collaborate with other school disciplines while planning, implementing, and evaluating health education and health fair promotion. Health fairs help students to identify positive lifestyles and create opportunities to test the skills needed to improve the population's wellness level.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1994

An information manager for the Assessment Protocol for Excellence in Public Health.

The Assessment Protocol for Excellence in Public Health (APEXPH) is a method for comprehensive public health planning that can be implemented by state and local health departments. Many local health departments have limited resources for the data analysis and synthesis needed for APEXPH. To facilitate the implementation of APEXPH in Michigan, we used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Epi Info software package to develop an APEXPH information manager (CDC-AIM) for use by the 50 local health departments in that state. This report describes our methods for formatting, compressing, and presenting data. Examples of tables are provided for demographics by age and sex, numbers of deaths, years of potential life lost, crude mortality rates, and perinatal indicators such as low birthweight. Areas where additional work is needed to further improve CDC-AIM are discussed. Our experience in Michigan suggests that CDC-AIM potentially is an extremely helpful tool to assist state and local health departments in working with their communities to establish public health program plans based on mortality, morbidity, and risk-factor data.

Comprehensive Health Care↗
PubMed2004

Partnerships and participation of community residents in health promotion and prevention: experiences of the highfield community enrichment project (better beginnings, better futures).

We provide a description and analysis of the role of partnerships between community residents and service-providers in planning and implementing a health promotion/prevention programme for children and families. The context for this study is the Highfield Community Enrichment Project, a multi-component, community-based promotion/prevention project operating in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The nature and amount of resident participation in this project are described, as well as barriers to resident participation and strategies to reduce those barriers. The findings are interpreted in terms of empowerment and partnership theory, and the implications of these findings for involving citizens from low-income communities in planning promotion/prevention programmes are discussed.

Community Health Planning↗
PubMed2005

Electronic health records: just around the corner? Or over the cliff?

We recently implemented a full-featured electronic health record in our independent, 4-internist, community-based practice of general internal medicine. We encountered various challenges, some unexpected, in moving from paper to computer. This article describes the effects that use of electronic health records has had on our finances, work flow, and office environment. Its financial impact is not clearly positive; work flows were substantially disrupted; and the quality of the office environment initially deteriorated greatly for staff, physicians, and patients. That said, none of us would go back to paper health records, and all of us find that the technology helps us to better meet patient expectations, expedites many tedious work processes (such as prescription writing and creation of chart notes), and creates new ways in which we can improve the health of our patients. Five broad issues must be addressed to promote successful implementation of electronic health records in a small office: financing; interoperability, standardization, and connectivity of clinical information systems; help with redesign of work flow; technical support and training; and help with change management. We hope that sharing our experience can better prepare others who plan to implement electronic health records and inform policymakers on the strategies needed for success in the small practice environment.

Computers↗
PubMed1992

The Missouri Cardiovascular Health Plan: a focus on prevention.

The authors describe a framework for planning, implementing, and evaluating cardiovascular health programs in Missouri. Populations targeted for intervention are identified, and the role of the physician in supporting community-based cardiovascular health promotion is explored.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2000

Working women identify influences and obstacles to breast health practices.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To identify factors contributing to participation in breast screening in working women to drive health education planning and implementation. DESIGN: Survey. SETTING: Automotive plants in southern Canada. SAMPLE: Union and nonunion women working in the plants. METHODS: Survey using "Health Care Practices: A Worksite Survey," modified for Canadian population. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Age, education, breast health practices, influences on decision to participate in breast screening, and physician gender. FINDINGS: Differences were noted among three age groups (under 30 years, 30-49 years, 50 years or older) in terms of influences and perceived barriers to the different modalities of breast screening. For clinical breast exams, women preferred an expert in breast health, regardless of whether the professional was a physician or a nurse. In all groups, the physician was noted as being very influential; however, perceptions of encouragement from the physician varied across the age groups. Perceptions of barriers to breast screening differed among the age groups and between women with male physicians and those with female physicians. Coworkers were identified as being a strong influence in the older group, whereas friends and family were identified as being more influential in the younger groups. CONCLUSIONS: Health promotion and education strategies may need to be stratified for different age groups. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Breast health education may need to be seen as an ongoing educational process, with the target groups being both the women and the primary healthcare professionals. The worksite has strong potential as a setting for health promotion activities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Oral cancer mortality in the province of Cordoba, Argentine Republic in the period 1975-2000. A comparative study with other populations.

UNLABELLED: Malignant neoplasm (MN) mortality worldwide ranks among the first four causes of death, in the 1990 decade (1-4). The aim of this work is to study the eight most frequent MN mortality rates, and especially that one caused by oral cancer (OC) in the province of Cordoba, Argentine Republic, in the period between 1975 and 2000, in order to analyze its characteristics and compare with other populations in America and Europe. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data were provided by the provincial and national Health Ministry and Globocan 2000. RESULTS: The highest male rates were those of Slovakia and France, prevailing lung and bronchus tumors; whereas in females the highest rate was that of breast cancer in the United Kingdom and Germany, and lung cancer in the United States. Regarding to OC in the populations under study, Slovakia and France held the highest rates for both sexes, being Cordoba and Argentina among the lowest values, especially in women. Tongue was the most frequent site in Cordoba (43.5%), followed by salivary glands (23.7%). Male prevailed over female and the oldest ages were observed in the period 1995-2000. The mortality rates by MN in all sites increased 6.6% in both sexes, and by OC 77% in women within the period under study in Cordoba. Oral cancer is a serious problem for public health causing great morbidity and mortality, a situation that has not improved in decades. Mortality rates are an important tool towards implementation and planning of health policies and programs for cancer prevention.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Interprovincial data requirements for local health indicators: the British Columbia experience.

Indicators based on the registration of vital events are used to determine the health status of populations. The need for these indicators at the regional and community levels has grown with the trend toward decentralization in the delivery of health services. Such indicators are important because they affect funding and the types of service that are provided. Health status indicators tend to be associated with variables such as the level of urbanization or socioeconomic status. According to four indicators-mortality ratios for all causes of death, mortality ratios for external causes of death, infant mortality ratios, and low birth weight live birth ratios-some areas of British Columbia, specifically along the border with Alberta, have relatively good health, although the characteristics of these regions suggest that this should not be the case. However, a much different picture emerges when vital event data registered in Alberta for residents of these areas of British Columbia are considered. This article shows that for adequate health planning and program implementation, some communities need data from neighbouring provinces. It illustrates the effect of incorporating Alberta data into the development of health status indicators for British Columbia. It also suggests that similar adjustments may be necessary for data compiled in other provinces.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

School-based mental health clinics.

TOPIC: The research, planning, implementation, and evaluation of school-based mental health clinics located throughout a large metropolitan city, which were established in a joint project by four local mental health centers. PURPOSE: To explain the evolution of the idea of providing school-based mental health to a large, inner-city population, including the delineation of team roles and responsibilities. SOURCES: Nursing, medical, social work, and educational literature. Notes detailing the formation of InteCare, the school-based mental health clinic system. CONCLUSIONS: Providing mental health services in inner-city schools improves access and removes barriers to treatment for this population. Working collegially with school personnel and families significantly improves the academic function of the children, the functioning of the families, and the relationships between parents and schools.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Perceptions of the head physician concerning educational activities in Municipal Health Services].

The results of a research project carried out along with head-physicians of the Municipal Health Services (PAMs) of the city of S. Paulo in order to survey their knowledge, expectations and willingness to participate in and incentivate educational programs in the various PAMs, are reported on. An open-ended questionnaire was answered by 88.6% of the head-physicians. Results showed that the concept of health of the majority of the PAMs' head-physicians (66.3%) was coincidental with that adopted by the WHO. Only 2.9% considered that health is related to quality of life. Health education was seen as the provision of information by 70.0%; only 6.7% recognized their responsibility for the process of social and health change. According to 68.2% of them, health actions were acknowledged to be useful tools for making the users aware of the importance of having the diseases treated. Health actions, their planning, implementation and evaluation were considered to be the responsibility of all who work at the PAMs, but mainly of nurses, social workers and the health educator. Some difficulties in implementing educational activities were indicated; among them being lack of sufficient material and adequate space for their implementation, lack of professional Public Health Educators and, mainly, a lack of motivation on the part of both staff and population. The majority of the head-physicians recognized that educational activities are important, that they are carried out at least by part of their staffs, although frequently hampered by technical and operational difficulties.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1993

[A survey of goals and the utilization of numerical goals in the health planning of 47 prefectures].

Health plans of 47 prefectural governments based on the Medical Law of 1985, were evaluated regarding four health planning factors: final goal, implementation plan, development of resources, and evaluation planning. Results of the evaluation showed that 8.5% of the 47 prefectures had defined future level of health based on numerical goals. On the other hand, all of the prefectures had developed numerical goals specifying the number of hospital beds in each medical district. A major component of health planning is improvement in the accomplishment of the implementation plan. There were 14 prefectures which had numerical goals for the upgrading of facilities and for manpower development to meet future health care activities. The following factors are required in the health planning to meet the needs for improving the health status of the population. 1) Including in the future health goals, in addition to the number of medical bed in regional areas, objective levels of health that should be attained. 2) Development of practical plans for evaluation of effectiveness of health planning.

Health Planning↗
PubMed1997

Approval of information collection requirements for the joint interim rules for health insurance portability for group health plans, and the individual market health insurance reform: portability from group to individual coverage; federal rules for access in the individual market; state alternative mechanisms to federal rules--IRS, DOL, HCFA. Interim rules with request for comments; approval of information collection requirements.

On April 8, 1997, the Department of the Treasury, the Department of Labor, and the Department of Health and Human Services (Departments) published joint interim rules governing the access, portability and renewability requirements for group health plans and issuers offering group health insurance coverage in connection with a group health plan. The rules implemented changes made to certain provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (Code), the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), and the Public Health Service Act (PHS Act) enacted as part of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). In the April 8 publication, the Departments submitted the group market information collection requirements, for, among other things, establishing creditable coverage, notice of special enrollment rights, and notice of pre-existing condition exclusion periods, to be Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for emergency review under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (PRA 95). In addition, on April 8, 1997 the Department of Health and Human Services submitted the HIPAA individual market information collection requirements to OMB for emergency review under the PRA 1995. This document amends the April 8 Federal Register documents to properly display the OMB control numbers.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed1997

[Approaches for a systemic modelling of health programs].

The aim of this paper is to achieve a systemic model to describe a health programme taking into account the influence of the actors. The data were collected via interviews with 15 people collaborating on two programmes: screening of colorectal cancer using the Hémoccult II test in France, and restructuring health services in a district in Guinea. The results stress that a public and community health programme can be described as a self-organizing, dynamic, observing and observed system. With a systemic approach, a programme can be modelled according to three steps. First, preliminaries: although initially motivated by the wish to improve the system, the intervention on it meets with resistance to any change. This stage proposes to open an "intervention space" including the definition of an appropriate framework, and the modelling of the problematic situation. Second, change: this stage brings new standards in the system. The more useful, the more suited to the mind of the collaborators and the more integrated into the existing social networks, the more easily the changes are welcomed. Finally, autonomization: the regulations of the system contribute to maintain the new standards, and thus to strengthen the changes. In conclusion, in the initial purpose to improve its operational capabilities, an intervention on a local part of the social and health system may, on the contrary, cause troubles. The systemic approach proposes a scenario in order to deal with this complexity. It also gives new insights for planning, implementing, and assessing health programmes.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Community assessment in a suburban Hispanic community: a description of method.

The Hispanic population is growing rapidly and is composed of individuals from many countries with varying levels of acculturation, education, income, and citizenship status. The Genesis Health and Empowerment Program was developed locally in 1993 to improve the health status of Hispanics living in Des Plaines, Illinois, USA. Understanding the quality of life and its cultural patterning for the community is an essential aspect of planning and implementing a health care delivery program. Using Leininger's Theory of Culture Care: Diversity and Universality as a framework, adapted the Concerns Report Method was essential for data collection. This paper describes the method used for learning about the Hispanic community. Steps included conducting three focus groups, constructing a structured interview guide, collecting data, analyzing data, and reporting the findings to the community. Some very preliminary findings are presented and implications for transcultural health care are described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Malnutrition--disease or punishment].

The starting point for this study is the Family Life Training Programme, which is a nutrition Programme placed in the Kenyan Ministry of Culture and Social Services. As part of an attempt to change the strategy of the programme, the Ministry carried out a nutrition study in four sublocations within two locations in Siaya District with Lwak nutrition center as a focal point. Siaya District is located in Nyanza Province near The Victoria Lake. The area is mainly populated by Luos, the third largest ethnic group in Kenya. The society is partrilineal whereby lineal descent occurs only through the male line. Rights of inheritance for land and stock goes from father to son. A mans status is reflected in his wealth, which is measured by the size of his production unit, the number of wives and children he has. Children are highly valued and many children are an ideal for women as well as men. It has been the aim of this research-project to elucidate the social, health-related and cultural background for the understanding of malnutrition in this area, with a view to demonstrating the importance of an integrated medical/cultural approach to the planning and implementation of health programmes. The study has worked with several research problems: one has been to shed light on the social/medical factors which are related to malnutrition in children under five in the studied areas as well as the extent of the problem. Another has been to shed light on the families own views of the medical concept of malnutrition and then choices of treatment when a child does not thrive. The study has aimed to clarify the "explanatory models" held by different practitioners within the"health care system". Perceptions of behaviour in connection with maintenance of health and prevention of sickness has also been part of the study and are elucidated in relation to childrens languishing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Child↗
PubMed2005

Regionalization of health services in Newfoundland and Labrador: perceptions of the planning, implementation and consequences of regional governance.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the context and key drivers for regionalization of one provincial health care system in Canada; to document the original expectations of regionalization on governance and the extent to which these expectations were met; to identify the perceived successes and weaknesses of the process; and to examine the key issues and concerns that warrant further consideration and action in the future. METHODS: Forty-five CEO/senior administrator or senior health department officials in the period 1993-2001 were invited to participate, of whom 35 were interviewed (67% of senior health officials and 85% of CEOs/senior administrators). RESULTS: For the most part, key informants felt that expectations of reform with respect to reduction in the number of boards and integration of services under each board's mandate did occur. However, ongoing financial restraint, failure to include the full range of health services under the regional board mandate (including physician and pharmaceutical services), uncertainty regarding the level of authority the regional boards had for decision-making, and unclear accountability mechanisms between the regional boards and the provincial Ministry of Health limited the extent to which broader expectations related to development of a population health focus, and improved continuity of care for individuals and families was achieved. CONCLUSIONS: Implications for policy-makers were identified in four main areas: alignment between health policy goals and the governance structure; clarification of authority and accountability relationships; clarification of roles and responsibilities among all key actors; and strengthening of mechanisms that support accountability.

Adult↗