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At least 1,783 records · Page 99Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Movement-related electroencephalographic desynchronization in patients with hand cramps: evidence for motor cortical involvement in focal dystonia.

We studied the dynamic changes in the amplitude of scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations to self-paced simple index finger abduction movements in patients with writer's cramp and compared them with those of normal aged-matched controls. The changes in EEG oscillations were measured in predefined frequency bands (8-10, 10-12, 12-20, and 20-30 Hz) by using the event-related desynchronization technique. Movements of the affected and unaffected hand in patients with writer's cramp showed significantly less reduction in 20- to 30-Hz power compared with controls. The differences in movement-related EEG power decline were apparent over the contralateral central and midline regions before and after electromyographic onset. Because EEG beta rhythm in the sensorimotor region likely emanates from the motor cortex and is related to ongoing muscle activity, this abnormality could be a manifestation of the abnormal motor command at the cortical level.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Brain activation in the processing of Chinese characters and words: a functional MRI study.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify the neural correlates of Chinese character and word reading. The Chinese stimuli were presented visually, one at a time. Subjects covertly generated a word that was semantically related to each stimulus. Three sorts of Chinese items were used: single characters having precise meanings, single characters having vague meanings, and two-character Chinese words. The results indicated that reading Chinese is characterized by extensive activity of the neural systems, with strong left lateralization of frontal (BAs 9 and 47) and temporal (BA 37) cortices and right lateralization of visual systems (BAs 17-19), parietal lobe (BA 3), and cerebellum. The location of peak activation in the left frontal regions coincided nearly completely both for vague- and precise-meaning characters as well as for two-character words, without dissociation in laterality patterns. In addition, left frontal activations were modulated by the ease of semantic retrieval. The present results constitute a challenge to the deeply ingrained belief that activations in reading single characters are right lateralized, whereas activations in reading two-character words are left lateralized.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The Locum's lament.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Drug Prescriptions↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Writing impairment in schizophasia: two case studies.

Two case studies were conducted of patients suffering from paranoid schizophrenia with glossomanic schizophasia. Their dictation-taking performance was assessed via a comprehensive standardized neuropsychological test battery following a protocol specifically designed for the purpose (Lecours, 1996.). The patients' performance was compared with normative data from the general population. The results show that the patients committed graphemic paragraphias, that is, they replaced target graphemes with others representative of the corresponding phoneme (ph and f for/f/, in French) or with graphemes representative of a similar phoneme (v for/f/). These errors suggest that components of a cognitive model of writing are dysfunctional.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Writing and rewriting numerals: a dissociation within the transcoding processes.

In the present study we report the case of A.B., a patient with a specific, though not isolated, deficit in transcoding verbal to Arabic numerals. Despite perfect production of Arabic numerals in a writing to dictation task, she frequently produced syntactic errors when the input was in written verbal form (e.g., duecentotrenta [two hundred and thirty] --> 20030). In absence of problems in the verbal comprehension system, A.B.'s performance is difficult to accommodate within current models of number processing. In the attempt to interpret the present findings, we suggest that different numerical codes, i.e, spoken and written verbal numerals, activate with different efficiency the transcoding algorithm.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reading/writing vs handedness influences on line length estimation.

Left- and right-handed school children with differing reading/writing experiences (unidirectional left-to-right vs bidirectional) were asked to draw 3-cm lines from right-to-left or from left-to-right with each hand. With either hand, lines drawn from left to right were more accurate than those drawn from right to left, particularly for right-handed left-to-right users; bidirectional readers showed no directional bias. Moreover, bidirectional readers were more accurate than unidirectional readers. The findings support a greater influence of directional scanning effects than handedness on the task of line length estimation.

Child↗
PubMed1975

Observations on effects of a central stimulant drug (methylphenidate) in children with hyperactive behavior.

Ninety-eight hyperactive children, ages 6 to 12 years, have been treated with methylphenidate or placebo under double-blind conditions. Only one of the 48 children receiving placebo (2%) was judged to be a drug success. Seventy-nine percent of the 94 children receiving methylphenidate were judged to be drug success at the end of the 16-week trial period. A wide range of dosage (0.2 to 1.9 mg/kg) was required for optimum drug effects. Drug failures were due either to appearance of withdrawn, apathetic behavior in the child (6 cases) or lack of evidence of drug effectiveness (14 cases). Overweight children did not respond well to medication even though milligram per kilogram dosage was equivalent to that in children who were categorized as drug successes. The most dramatic successes were seen in children who might be characterized as exhibiting "developmental hyperactivity," i.e., hyperactivity in the absence of other evidence of neurological or emotional disturbances. We conclude that a trial of stimulant drugs is clearly indicated in hyperactive children manifesting significant impairment of educational and social progress. Dosage adjustment and judgement of drug success or failure require regular reports from teachers and parents.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed2001

Development of differentiation between writing and drawing systems.

When does a writing system emerge out of children's drawing to separate (a) script processing and production from (b) picture processing and production? And does one system's activation help or hinder the other system's operation? Children 4-12 years of age wrote repeated Os and Vs and drew matching shapes, in the contexts of script and of pictures. The technique elicits matching products in order to identify differences between production kinematics in different contexts. A transition occurred around age 6 in which (a) production was more fluent for writing than drawing and (b) activation of one system interfered with the other. Modeling the consolidation of both phenomena generated testable parameters for the slow approach to the adult steady state, involving increasing specialization and the waning of the need for suppression of the two systems' interference.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pen-based computing: applications in clinical medicine.

Handheld, pen-based computing is an affordable, empowering technology that has application in small practice settings as well as in hospital-wide environments. Although hardware standards are evolving, there is now a stable base of applications, wired and wireless connectivity, and other features that make pen-based computing an attractive alternative to paper and pen patient data acquisition. When combined with centralized data synchronization, pen-based computers can also serve as an affordable medium for the dissemination of clinical guidelines, standard formulary, and other patient-related data. Wireless, and to a lesser extent, wired pen-PDAs hold the potential to make web-based electronic medical records accessible from anywhere at any time.

Computer Peripherals↗