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At least 1,783 records · Page 99Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Mercury exposure of maroon workers in the small scale gold mining in Suriname.

Suriname is experiencing a revival of small scale gold mining activities, with about 10,000 to 15,000 workers involved in 1996. The estimated production in 1995 is at least 10,000 kg crude gold. Gold is extracted with mercury and methods used are comparable with those described for gold mining in the Amazon Basin. Since no data exist on the internal mercury exposure of workers in Suriname a study was performed. A group of mercury-exposed Maroons, who are principally involved in the mining located in the tropical rainforest, is compared with nonexposed Maroons living in a non-gold mining area. Blood and urine samples of both groups were analyzed for total mercury using an atomic absorption spectrometer with an FIAS hydride system. In the study 28 exposed and 17 controls with a comparable mean age (P=0.544; exposed 27+/-7.2 years, n=26; controls 26+/-7.7 years, n=17), all males, participated. The urine levels for both groups differ statistically significantly from each other (P<0.001; exposed mean 27.5+/-21.1 microg/g creatinine; controls mean 5. 2+/-2.9 microg/g creatinine). This is, however, not the case with the blood levels (P=0.036: exposed mean 18.1+/-11.0 microg/L, n=25; controls mean 26.8+/-14.6 microg/L, n=16). In contrast with blood the urine total mercury levels in this study confirm, on a group basis, exposure to mercury as described for individuals working in the gold mining in the Amazon Basin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Air pollution caused by opencast mining and its abatement measures in India.

Opencast mining dominates coal production in India. A survey was conducted to evaluate its local atmospheric impact. Emissions data were utilised to compute dust generation due to different mining activities. Work zone air quality, ambient air quality and seasonal variations are described revealing high pollution potential due to suspended particulate matter (SPM) and consequent impact on human health. Air pollution control measures involve planning and implementing a series of preventive and suppressive measures in addition to dust extraction systems. Different abatement measures are enumerated. Pollution control by trees, the tolerance of trees to different air pollutants and plant species useful for controlling pollution are also discussed. There is a need for wider application of dust control chemicals on haul roads. Sustainable management of pollution can be achieved by the proper implementation of suggested abatement measures.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed2001

The effects of a roster schedule change from 8- to 12-hour shifts on health and safety in a mining operation.

The current study examined the impact on employee health and safety of changes to the roster system of an Australian coal mine. Absenteeism and incident frequency rate data were collected over a 33-month period that covered three different roster schedules, an 8-hour system, a 12-hour system and a 12-hour system incorporating unregulated overtime. The first change was implemented after consultation with the employee population, whereas the second was not. There were no significant negative effects of the 12-hour pattern, when compared to the 8-hour system. However, when unregulated and excessive overtime was introduced as part of the second round of changes, absenteeism rates were increased in one sector of the mine. The maintenance sector was subject to a significant increase in absenteeism rates, which may have been attributable to the excessive overtime required of the workers in that area. It is important that overtime be strictly monitored and that the employee population are involved in the process of roster change.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed2001

Prediction of physical and chemical qualities of crude-oil using statistical time series analysis.

An application of a statistical time series analysis method is given for the interpretation of physical and chemical qualities of crude-oil samples taken from two oil-fields in Poland. The analytical data was gathered in the years 1995-1999, the information being collected once a month. Randomly selected crude-oil samples were examined in several analytical laboratories. For each sample examined, the following chemical-physical parameters were defined: date, source of the sample, specific gravity, density, colour, relative viscosity, viscosity, kinematic viscosity, drip point, setting point, etc. The data obtained played a decisive role in classifying the samples of crude-oil and in forecasting the properties of crude-oil that will be obtained from the mines in the future. To process the data obtained, the STATISTICA programme was used. It contains a module for time series analysis and for graphical presentation of the results.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

[Study on the application of artificial neural network on diabetes mellitus/insulin-glucose tolerance classification].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the potential application of artificial neural network (ANN) on the epidemiological classification of disease. METHODS: Learning vector quantification neural network (LVQNN) and discriminate analysis were applied to data from epidemiological survey in a mine in 1996. RESULTS: The structure of LVQNN was 25-->13-->3. The total veracity rates was 96.98%, and 92.45% among the abnormal blood glucose individuals. Through stepwise discriminate analysis, the discriminate equations were established including 11 variables with a total veracity rate of 87.34%, but was 85.53% in the abnormal blood glucose individuals. Further analysis on 30 cases with missing values showed that the disagreement ratio of LVQ was 1/30, lower than that of discriminate analysis of 7/30. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the conventional statistics method, LVQ not only showed better prediction precision, but could treat data with missing values satisfactorily plus it had no limit to the type or distribution of relevant data, thus provided a new powerful method to epidemiologic prediction.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of coal mine dust size distributions and calibration standards for crystalline silica analysis.

Since 1982 standard calibration materials recommended for respirable crystalline silica analysis by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) P7 Infrared Method and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Analytical Method 7500 have undergone minor changes in size distribution. However, a critical assumption has been made that the crystalline silica in ambient mine atmosphere respirable dust samples has also remained essentially unchanged in particle size distribution. Therefore, this work compared recent particle size distributions of underground coal mine dust and the silica component of these dusts with estimated aerodynamic particle size distributions of calibration standard materials MIN-U-SIL 5, Berkeley 5, and SRM 1878 used by two crystalline silica analysis techniques. Dust impactor sampling data for various locations in 13 underground coal mines were analyzed for the respirable mass median aerodynamic diameters. The data suggest that the MSHA P7 method will underestimate the silica content of the sample by at most 7.4% in the median size range 0.9 to 3.6 microm, and that it is unlikely one would obtain any significant error in the MSHA P7 method analysis when the method uses Berkeley 5, MIN-U-SIL 5, or SRM 1878 as a calibration standard material. The results suggest that the NIOSH Analytical Method 7500 would be more appropriate for a dust sample that is representative of the total (no cyclone classifier) rather than the respirable airborne dust, particularly because the mass fraction in the size range below 4 microm is usually a small percentage of the total airborne dust mass. However, NIOSH Analytical Method 7500 is likely to underestimate the silica content of an airborne respirable dust sample by only 5 to 10%. The results of this study also suggest that any changes that may have occurred in the median respirable size of airborne coal mine dust are not significant enough to cause any appreciable error in the current methods used for respirable crystalline silica analysis.

Coal↗
PubMed2000

Birth weight and altitude: a study in Peruvian communities.

We tested the hypothesis that at high altitude birth weight decreases once a critical barometric pressure (Pb) is reached. Birth weight data covering the 1-year period from November 1997 to October 1998 were collected in Peru from the data files of 15 community and mining centers between sea level and 4575 m altitude. These centers are scattered along the main road that joins Lima (on the Pacific shore) to Cerro de Pasco (4330 m) and surroundings. Above approximately 2000 m (ie, at Pb below approximately 590 mm Hg, inspired O(2) partial pressure of approximately 114 mm Hg) and up to approximately 4500 m altitude birth weight declined at an average of 65 g for every additional 500 m altitude (or 105 g for every additional 50 mm Hg drop in Pb). This pattern did not differ between sexes. Averages and modal distributions of the birth weight from 2 hospitals in Cerro de Pasco (4330 m) serving different social groups were similar. Body length at birth was similar at various altitudes, with the exception of the 2 highest locations above 4500 m, where it was slightly reduced. From these data, together with additional data collected in the North of Peru (Chacas, 3360 m) and with results from other ethnic groups previously published, we conclude that the drop in birth weight at altitude is (1) apparent once the critical Pb of approximately 590 mm Hg is reached, corresponding to an altitude of approximately 2000 m, (2) proportional to the increase in altitude between approximately 2000 m and 4500 m, and (3) independent from socioeconomic factors.

Altitude↗
PubMed1988

[Reaction time to single and double stimuli in operators of mining equipment].

The study was aimed at a comparison of the results of the reaction time for single (light or sound) and double stimuli (simultaneous emission of light and sound) in machine operators. The studies were carried out under laboratory conditions and in the working environment. The obtained data proved that underground, under specific copper mine conditions, similar to laboratory conditions, the theory of "intersensory facilitation" should be applied. The results of our studies can be useful for ergonomic practice.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

A radon and meteorological measurement network for the Alligator Rivers Region, Australia.

The network described in this paper has been set up to provide detailed time-series data on concentrations of 222Rn in air at various locations within the Alligator Rivers Region, over a time frame of several years. These data will be important in assessing the effects of uranium mining operations on radon levels in the region, both in providing baseline and monitoring data and in calibrating and verifying predictive models. At present, three stations are operating in the region with a fourth being commissioned. Each station logs half hourly average radon concentrations and relevant meteorological data (wind speed, direction and variability, air pressure and temperature, relative humidity, soil temperature, rain and sunshine rates). It is intended to operate the four stations at selected locations for one- or two-year intervals, at the end of which three will be moved to new locations (one station at Mudginberri will be kept as a constant control station). Sites for which extensive datasets are currently available include: Jabiru Town, Jabiru East, Djarr Djarr, East Alligator Ranger Station and Nabarlek minesite. Illustrative data from these sites are presented.

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMed2004

A scaleable and integrated crystallization pipeline applied to mining the Thermotoga maritima proteome.

The wealth of genomic data available for many organisms has set the stage for the next phase of structure-function analysis. High-throughput structural genomics is currently the method of choice for rapid analysis of protein structure-function relationships on a proteome-wide basis. The Joint Center for Structural Genomics (JCSG), established in 2000 under the NIH/NIGMS Protein Structure Initiative, has developed and implemented an integrated high-throughput structure pipeline and applied it in a 2-tiered approach to mining the proteome of the thermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima. In the first tier, the successful application of this integrated pipeline has resulted in the cloning and expression of 73% of the T. maritima proteome (1376 out of 1877 predicted genes), and has identified 465 proteins which produced crystal hits. These 465 proteins were compared with existing structural information and a subset of 269 targets were selected to process towards structure determination in a second tier effort. To date, the JCSG pipeline applied to the Thermotoga maritima proteome has resulted in 55 new structures and has identified 6 novel folds and continues to identify structures with novel features.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1999

Copper poisoning in wild ruminants in the Kruger National Park: geobotanical and environmental investigation.

A geobotanical and environmental investigation was undertaken to investigate the potential for copper poisoning in wild ruminants within the Phalaborwa area in the Kruger National Park and to confirm that environmental copper pollution associated with smelting operations at a nearby mine was the source of copper responsible for the poisoning. The study area selected was divided into high, moderate and low-risk zones and a control area based on initial topsoil copper concentrations and impala (Aepyceros melampus) liver copper concentrations in relation to distance from the copper smelter. Samples collected revealed that topsoil copper concentrations were significantly higher than subsoil copper concentrations at the same sites. There was a significant linear decrease in topsoil to subsoil copper concentration relative to distance from the copper smelter and thus from the high-risk zone to the control area. Copper concentrations of unwashed plant material were significantly higher than washed plant material at the same sites, indicating the deposition of copper on the plant surfaces. Copper deposits in dust fall buckets were significantly higher downwind than upwind from the smelter stack and the presence of atmospheric copper was also confirmed with the aid of low-volume air sampling monitors. The investigation confirmed that the emissions from the copper smelter were sufficient in amount and appropriate in direction to have contributed significantly to the topsoil copper concentrations, unwashed plant copper concentrations and dust fall results.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1998

Case-based reasoning in IVF: prediction and knowledge mining.

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a medically-assisted reproduction technique, enabling infertile couples to achieve successful pregnancy. Given the unpredictability of the task, we propose to use a case-based reasoning system that exploits past experiences to suggest possible modifications to an IVF treatment plan in order to improve overall success rates. Once the system's knowledge base is populated with a sufficient number of past cases, it can be used to explore and discover interesting relationships among data, thereby achieving a form of knowledge mining. The article describes the TA3IVF system--a case-based reasoning system which relies on context-based relevance assessment to assist in knowledge visualization, interactive data exploration and discovery in this domain. The system can be used as an advisor to the physician during clinical work and during research to help determine what knowledge sources are relevant for a treatment plan.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1991

Risk assessment using exposure intensity: an application to vermiculite mining.

Estimation of exposure-response relations from epidemiological data is complicated by the fact that exposures usually vary in intensity over time. Cumulative exposure indices, which do not separate the effects of intensity and duration, are commonly used to circumvent this problem. In this paper the estimation of relative risk for specific ranges of exposure intensity from such data is considered using existing statistical methods for fitting multivariate relative risk models. This has the advantage that it does not assume that exposure intensity and duration have equivalent effects on risk. It also throws light on the possible existence of a threshold. The procedure was applied to data from a cohort of 406 vermiculite miners to examine the lung cancer risk associated with exposure to fibrous tremolite, which contaminated the vermiculite. The pattern of exposure-response differed substantially from that obtained using a cumulative exposure index to assess risk.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed2003

Advances in biotreatment of acid mine drainage and biorecovery of metals: 2. Membrane bioreactor system for sulfate reduction.

Several biotreatmemt techniques for sulfate conversion by the sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) have been proposed in the past, however few of them have been practically applied to treat sulfate containing acid mine drainage (AMD). This research deals with development of an innovative polypropylene hollow fiber membrane bioreactor system for the treatment of acid mine water from the Berkeley Pit, Butte, MT, using hydrogen consuming SRB biofilms. The advantages of using the membrane bioreactor over the conventional tall liquid phase sparged gas bioreactor systems are: large microporous membrane surface to the liquid phase; formation of hydrogen sulfide outside the membrane, preventing the mixing with the pressurized hydrogen gas inside the membrane; no requirement of gas recycle compressor; membrane surface is suitable for immobilization of active SRB, resulting in the formation of biofilms, thus preventing washout problems associated with suspended culture reactors; and lower operating costs in membrane bioreactors, eliminating gas recompression and gas recycle costs. Information is provided on sulfate reduction rate studies and on biokinetic tests with suspended SRB in anaerobic digester sludge and sediment master culture reactors and with SRB biofilms in bench-scale SRB membrane bioreactors. Biokinetic parameters have been determined using biokinetic models for the master culture and membrane bioreactor systems. Data are presented on the effect of acid mine water sulfate loading at 25, 50, 75 and 100 ml/min in scale-up SRB membrane units, under varied temperatures (25, 35 and 40 degrees C) to determine and optimize sulfate conversions for an effective AMD biotreatment. Pilot-scale studies have generated data on the effect of flow rates of acid mine water (MGD) and varied inlet sulfate concentrations in the influents on the resultant outlet sulfate concentration in the effluents and on the number of SRB membrane modules needed for the desired sulfate conversion in those systems. The pilot-scale data indicate that the SRB membrane bioreactors systems can be applied toward field-scale biotreatment of AMD and for recovery of high purity metals and an agriculturally usable water.

Acids↗
PubMed1983

[Risk of lung cancer in workers belonging to the occupational group of mining and stone processing].

Out of 1580 male lung cancer patients and 3160 controls (data collected in a nationwide study) 177 patients and 197 controls belonged to the occupation "mining and processing of stone" (asbestos, metals and coal excluded). 164 (92.6%) patients had a Kreyberg I tumor, 13 patients a Kreyberg II tumor. There are significant more smokers among patients (98.9%a), all patients with a K I tumor were smokers, compared to the controls (82.2%). Patients had a significant longer smoking career (40.9 yearsa) and a higher tar exposure (TE = 2544)b compared to the controls (36.2 years, TE = 2223). Lung cancer risk (adj. for age, years of occupation, TE) of smokers belonging to occupation "stone" compared to smokers belonging to group "white collar" (no occupational exposure in their anamnesis) was R = 2.0a. Significantly higher risks (adj. for age, TE) were in relation to years of occupation: less than 10 years: R = 2.2a, 11-20 years: R = 2.7a, 21-30 years: R = 2.6a. a P less than 1%; b P less than 5%.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Leukemia risk among U.S. white male coal miners. A case-control study.

The relevance of occupational exposure to electrical and magnetic fields (EMF) in the etiology of leukemia has been raised in several studies. Underground coal miners represent an occupational group with situationally determined EMF exposure, as high-voltage power distribution lines are strung overhead in the mines and converters and step-down transformers provide power to mining equipment. Risk in occupational exposure to EMF was examined in a case-control study of 40 leukemia decedents and 160 control subjects who died of causes other than cancer or accident and who were matched on age at death. The control subjects were selected from a group of 6,066 persons whose deaths were reported in four National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health cohort mortality follow-up studies. Based on these data, 25 or more years of underground mining, a surrogate of EMF exposure, was found to pose a statistically significant risk for leukemia (International Classification of Diseases [ICD] codes 204 through 207, eighth revision), myelogenous leukemia (ICD 205), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (ICD 204.1). Accumulative exposure to chemical agents probably poses a risk for acute myelogenous leukemia, although this relationship fell short of being statistically significant. Although CLL has not previously been attributed to environmental agents, these data suggest a possible CLL risk from prolonged exposure to EMF.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Community-driven advances in computational mass spectrometry: The perspective of EuBIC-MS members.

Advances in data acquisition, artificial intelligence, and integrative bioinformatics are driving the rapid evolution of computational mass spectrometry, and in turn, transforming modern proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics. These developments have greatly increased the scale and complexity of mass spectrometry data, underscoring the importance of evolving accurate, transparent, efficient and reproducible data processing workflows. Addressing these challenges requires collaborative innovation that brings together expertise in software engineering, statistics, and biology. The European Bioinformatics Community for Mass Spectrometry (EuBIC-MS), an initiative of the European Proteomics Association (EuPA), fosters a culture of open, community-driven development through its biennial Developers Meetings and Winter Schools. This commentary summarizes the scientific background and outcomes of the EuBIC-MS Developers Meeting 2025, which took place in Novacella, Italy. Three keynote presentations highlighted major frontiers in the field: deep proteome and phosphoproteome profiling, text mining for protein-protein interaction extraction, and scalable proteomics for AI-driven drug discovery. Seven community-selected hackathons addressed emerging challenges such as single-cell proteomics data analysis, FAIR metadata extraction, deep learning frameworks, R-Python interoperability, and DIA validation. Together, these efforts demonstrate the potential for scientific and technical innovation to arise from open collaboration, and highlight how community-driven initiatives can accelerate progress in computational mass spectrometry. SIGNIFICANCE: Modern proteomics increasingly depends on computational advances to translate complex, high-dimensional data into biological knowledge. The EuBIC-MS Developers Meeting 2025 exemplifies how community-driven collaboration can directly accelerate this process by bringing together experts from bioinformatics, statistics, and experimental proteomics to co-develop open, interoperable, and reproducible analytical tools. By fostering shared software frameworks, transparent benchmarking, and collaborative problem solving, the EuBIC-MS community helps ensure that technological innovation translates into reliable biological insights. This collaborative model strengthens the foundation for quantitative, system-level understanding of proteomes and establishes a sustainable path for integrating artificial intelligence and next-generation data acquisition into routine biological discovery. This commentary shows some current highlights in the field of computational mass spectrometry and community-based approaches undertaken during the most recent Developers Meeting to solve these challenges. The approaches discussed and initiated during the meeting - ranging from deep proteome profiling and phosphosite mapping to text mining, single-cell data analysis, and FAIR metadata extraction - address key bottlenecks that currently limit the biological interpretability and comparability of proteomics data.

Mass Spectrometry↗
PubMed2000

Evidence for high affinity nickel transporter genes in heavy metal resistant Streptomyces spec.

We have isolated 25 new strains of streptomycetes from soil samples of a polluted site at the former uranium mine, Wismut, in eastern Thuringia, Germany. The strains grew on medium containing 1 mM NiCl2 and thus were resistant to the heavy metal ion. Seven of the strains were further characterized. All of these strains were resistant to heavy metals in various degrees with up to 10 mM resistance against NiCl2 supplied with the liquid minimal growth medium. The high level of resistance prompted us to look for high affinity nickel transporter genes thought to provide a means to eliminate the excess nickel ions form the cells. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers derived from sequences of P-type ATPase transporter genes of Gram negative bacteria identified a fragment which shows deduced amino acid sequence similarities to known high affinity nickel transporters. Investigation of two genes obtained from the isolates Streptomyces spec. E8 and F4 showed high sequence divergence. This was unexpected since a transmissible plasmid had been thought to convey heavy metal resistance.

Amino Acid Sequence↗