Dimensional stability and accuracy of rubber impression materials.
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Gypsum-bonded and phosphate-bonded investments were applied to wax surfaces which were untreated, treated by buffing with cotton moistened with a die lubricant containing organic solvent, or treatment with a wax pattern cleaner. Contact angles between the investment material and wax surfaces were measured and compared. The treatment of a wax pattern with a surface tension reducing agent significantly increases the degree of wetting by both gypsum- and phosphate-bonded investments.
Plaster casts of 50 boys and 50 girls aged 3-6 years, from Gujarat, India, were studied to observe the pattern of spacing in the normal deciduous dental arches. Spaced type of dental arches were more common than closed type or 'no spaces' type. Spacing/no spacing appeared to behave independently between upper and lower arches and between the sexes. The amount of spacing was greater in males than in females. Bilateral anthropoid spaces did not exist as a single phenomenon. They occurred when some other spaces were also present. Anthropoid spaces were more in the upper arch than in the lower and more in males than in females. If anthropoid spaces occurred in the upper arch, they were frequently missing from the lower arch; this was observed more in females than males. Spacing on the left side was more than the right side. Spacing between the mandibular incisors was the greatest of all.
The direct bonding of orthodontic brackets to enamel has greatly improved the aesthetics of fixed appliance orthodontics. A recent development has been the lingual placement of the attachments which has resulted in none of the mechanics being visible on the anterior teeth. This article describes treatment with this technique and illustrates a treated case.
A method of indirect bonding using a visible light cured adhesive is described in detail. The advantages include convenience and rapid placing of many brackets to a predetermined position. The ease of removal of the brackets and the material following treatment is also a major benefit of this technique.
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Diagnostic casts were made of the palates of 123 patients who had complete dentures. Categorization of all cross-arch palatal forms yielded a distribution in which 93% showed some variation of a U-shaped palatal form, be it angular or mildly curved. Along the midline, 12% had steep anterior inclines, curved midpalatal regions, and curved posterior palates; 69% had moderate anterior inclinations, curved midpalates, and curved posterior palates; 12% had palates that were moderately inclined anteriorly, flat in the midpalatal section, and flat posteriorly. The remaining palates were predominantly flat in two of the three regions measured.
A time-sharing technique for a CAD-CAM unit can avoid scheduling difficulties and lengthy appointments. Dentists can also share the cost of expensive equipment and involve staff in learning the steps of this computer-aided design and manufacture.
The use of medical imaging techniques to make a very precise surgical guide for implant placement is described. This template is the combination of a currently used template and a very simple mechanical system designed to transfer a preoperatively defined implant position onto the surgical site. With the planning software, the practitioner determines the implant position according both to the ideal position dictated by the final restorative prosthesis and the available volume of bone. The surgical template then communicates the actual implant position to the surgical site. The template can be used not only in critical anatomical situations but also in placing the implant in an ideal position on bone because it eliminates possible manual placement errors and matches planning to prosthetic requirements.
A method is described for estimating bone volume and contour for dental implant placement in the edentulous arch.
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