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Results for “CONDITIONED REFLEX”

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PubMed1976

[Use of various statistical procedures for the analysis of biorhythms (periodicities of conditional-reflex processes in the minute range) under emotional stress and physical exercise].

Periodicities of conditional-reflectory processes in the minute range were measured in albino rats kept under various conditions (emotional stress, exercise, normal stall maintenance) and analyzed by different statistical procedures. It was possible in this way to judge by selected parameters of periodical processes the intensity of loads and effects of exercise. The additional use of cluster analysis for scaling the biological effectiveness of different communicative relations of the organisms proved useful.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[The dominant motivation in the mechanisms of the conditioned reflex].

It is substantiated that the mechanisms of dominant motivations play an essential role in conditioning. It is shown that motivations change convergent and chemical characteristics of single neurons of different brain structures and, especially, their sensitivity to corresponding reinforcing stimuli. As a result, motivation plays a role of an initial "canvas", against the background of which molecular "engrams of reinforcement" are built. The processes of interaction between the dominant motivation and reinforcement are mainly addressed to the apparatus of the action result acceptor. It is shown that dominant motivations participate not only in construction of molecular reinforcement engrams but also in their forestalling retrieval.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Conditioned reflex activity and several vegetative reactions in dogs during the recovery period following repeated reanimation].

Conditioned activity and vegetative reactions were studied in dogs which repeatedly underwent clinical death from electrical trauma and were reanimated by donor artificial blood circulation. (The first clinical death was provoked 15 to 18 months prior to the repeated death and was caused by drowning and blood loss). On the first few days after reanimation the functions of the higher parts of the CNS and the vegetative nervous system were considerably disturbed. This was manifested in diminished effector reactions to conditioned stimuli, in narcotic and ultraparadoxal phases in conditioned activity, in tachycardia and a higher respiratory rate. The disturbances gradually diminished and by the 5th to 13th day following reanimation completely disappeared. The nature and depth of the disturbances correlated with the basic properties of the animals' type of higher nervous activity. The conditioned reactions were restored despite the retained pronounced dystrophic and destructive changes in the cerebral cortex. This is significant proof of important compensatory capacity for conditioned activity in dogs.

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PubMed1990

[The role of beta-endorphin in regulating the conditioned reflex activity of cats].

The role of beta-endorphin in regulation of instrumental food conditioning and in more complicated forms of nervous activity in cats was found to involve a facilitating unspecific effect both on positive and negative food conditioning, the latter having a general adaptive character. The influence of the same small doses of beta-endorphin (10 mkg/kg - 15 x 10(-6) mkg/kg) on the choice responses was more complicated and depended on the basic level of conditioning and the typology of animals. Possible mechanism of the beta-endorphin effect on higher nervous activity, is discussed.

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PubMedDate not supplied

Kallikrein effect on the acquisition and extinction of conditioned reflexes in rats.

The effect of kallikrein was studied on the acquisition and extinction of conditioned reactions in rats. It was demonstrated that kallikrein in doses of 50 and 100 mu/kg i.p. accelerated the process of learning in these animals. The observed effect might be connected with a rise in the activity of kininogenic enzymes in the central nervous system.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Dynamics of the space-time organization of cortical potentials upon extinction of electro-defensive conditioned reflexes in rabbits].

Spatio-temporal distribution of cortical potentials formed by non-reinforced conditioned stimuli in 10 unrestrained rabbits, was studied in the course of extinction of a conditioned defense ear-shaking reaction to flickering light, by means of comparison of successive electroencephalotopograms. The first signs of the extinction were characterized by a periodical reversion of the momentary sagittal gradient of values of simultaneous cortical potentials, going on with the frequency of light stimulation (4 cps). Under these conditions, the probability of motor reaction to light was reduced. At a late stage of the extinction the potential gradient reversion had lower frequency characteristics for passive wakefulness and drowsiness of the rabbits.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Sex dimorphism in the patterns of conditioned-reflex taste aversion and orienting-exploratory and passive-defensive behaviors].

The patterns of conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and of some other types of behaviour were compared in adult male and female Wistar rats. Correlations between the CTA variables, on the one hand, and those of the exploratory and defensive behaviours, on the other, were shown. Females displayed initially less expressed CTA and more rapid its extinction than males. While tested in the open field, in a six-arm radial maze and in a special enclosed cubic chamber with holes in its vertical walls the females demonstrated higher levels of exploratory and locomotor activities with lower levels of emotionality and defensive behaviour than males. Sex differences were revealed in correlations between variables of CTA and behavioural responses under study. Thus, CTA patterns appear to be one of the manifestations of sexual dimorphism in non-reproductive behaviour.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Individual features of hippocampal electrical activity and conditioned reflex behavior in dogs].

The experiment was made on 14 dogs, with electrodes chronically implanted in the dorsal and posterior parts of the hippocampus. In all the dogs the frequency of dominating rhythmic activity depended on the level of the animals [emotional stress. It was shown that the frequency of dominant rhythmic activity of the dog hippocampus is an individual characteristic. In eight dogs conditioned switching-over of alimentary and defensive reflexes was elaborated. Animals with a slower theta-rhythm, under 5 c/s, elaborated conditioned switching-over of heterogeneous reflexes much slower as compared with the other dogs. This warrants the assumption that they are characterized by more inert nervous processes.

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