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At least 1,783 records · Page 99Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in HIV-1-infected children: immunological and virological findings before and after AZT therapy.

Immunological and viral studies were conducted on cerebrospinal fluid from 31 HIV-1-infected children, of whom 23 were neurologically asymptomatic and 8 had progressive encephalopathy. After AZT treatment, a second cerebrospinal fluid specimen was obtained from 15 children, 11 of whom were neurologically asymptomatic and 4 had progressive encephalopathy. Virus isolation and p24Ag detection were more frequent in children with progressive encephalopathy than in asymptomatic children (66% versus 12%) and were inversely correlated with intrathecal HIV-1-antibody detection (anti-gag AB: 25% versus 70%). High concentrations of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and IL-6 were found in children with progressive encephalopathy (50% and 37%, respectively), but low levels were also detected in some asymptomatic children (13% and 9%, respectively). Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) was not found. AZT treatment induced disappearance of p24Ag in cerebrospinal fluid, as well as a marked reduction in cytokine levels. Cytokine determination may be useful in monitoring AZT treatment in children with progressive encephalopathy.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Repair of traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leaks using tissue adhesives.

14 cases of post-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leaks, sealed with tissue adhesives and fascia, or galea, are reported. None of the patients had recurrence in a follow-up ranging from five months to three years. Tissue adhesives provided a tough adhesion of the patch and, as a consequence, an immediate and stable repair of the leak.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Cerebrospinal fluid GABA and cyclic nucleotides in alcoholics with and without seizures.

Cerebrospinal fluid levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and cyclic nucleotides were measured in alcoholic and control patients. Alcoholics without seizures had higher GABA levels than either alcoholics with seizures or controls. Levels of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in cerebrospinal fluid of controls and alcoholics with and without seizures were not significantly different.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1974

Myeloma cells in the cerebrospinal fluid in plasma cell neoplasia.

Myeloma cells were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of two patients with plasma cell neoplasia during the myelographic studies of 38 patients whose myeloma was associated with extensive neurological complications. The myeloma cells were looked for in Wright stained centrifuged deposit of 2-5 ml samples of the cerebrospinal fluid obtained during myelography. The possibility that occult traumatic lumbar puncture had allowed entry of circulating myeloma cells from the peripheral blood into the subarachnoid space was excluded by the absence of myeloma cells in smears of peripheral blood and its buffy coat. Up to the end stages of the disease the meningeal myeloma lesions remained microscopical and no signs of raised intracranial tension were manifested by either patient.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Increased neuropeptide Y concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

We investigated the possible relation between neuropeptides and cerebral vasoconstriction in samples of ventricular or cisternal cerebrospinal fluid from 14 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neuropeptide Y, calcitonin gene-related peptide, atrial natriuretic peptide, and pituitary polypeptide 7B2 were present in the cerebrospinal fluid of these patients. Concentrations of calcitonin gene-related peptide and 7B2 were not significantly different from those in control subjects, but that of atrial natriuretic peptide was significantly lower. Although the mean concentration of neuropeptide Y was not significantly higher than control, consecutive determinations showed an increase 6-11 days after the onset of subarachnoid hemorrhage. An initially high 7B2 concentration decreased gradually, although half the patients showed a second increase greater than 10 days after the onset. Considering the well-recognized vasoconstrictive effect of neuropeptide Y, it is possible that this increase in its concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid plays a role in the pathogenesis of the cerebral vasospasm that is often seen after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Direct visualization of antigen-specific T cells: HTLV-1 Tax11-19- specific CD8(+) T cells are activated in peripheral blood and accumulate in cerebrospinal fluid from HAM/TSP patients.

Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) -associated myelopathy/tropic spastic paraparesis is a demyelinating inflammatory neurologic disease associated with HTLV-1 infection. HTLV-1 Tax11-19-specific cytotoxic T cells have been isolated from HLA-A2-positive patients. We have used a peptide-loaded soluble HLA-A2-Ig complex to directly visualize HTLV-1 Tax11-19-specific T cells from peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid without in vitro stimulation. Five of six HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropic spastic paraparesis patients carried a significant number (up to 13.87%) of CD8(+) lymphocytes specific for the HTLV-1 Tax11-19 peptide in their peripheral blood, which were not found in healthy controls. Simultaneous comparison of peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid from one patient revealed 2.5-fold more Tax11-19-specific T cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (23.7% vs. 9.4% in peripheral blood lymphocyte). Tax11-19-specific T cells were seen consistently over a 9-yr time course in one patient as far as 19 yrs after the onset of clinical symptoms. Further analysis of HTLV-1 Tax11-19-specific CD8(+) T lymphocytes in HAM/TSP patients showed different expression patterns of activation markers, intracellular TNF-alpha and gamma-interferon depending on the severity of the disease. Thus, visualization of antigen-specific T cells demonstrates that HTLV-1 Tax11-19-specific CD8(+) T cells are activated, persist during the chronic phase of the disease, and accumulate in cerebrospinal fluid, showing their pivotal role in the pathogenesis of this neurologic disease.

Flow Cytometry↗
PubMed2000

Decreased cerebrospinal fluid levels of beta-phenylethylamine in patients with Rett syndrome.

To clarify the mechanism of brain impairment in Rett syndrome, we measured the cerebrospinal fluid levels of beta-phenylethylamine (PEA) in 17 patients with Rett syndrome. Findings were compared with those obtained in age-matched controls and diseased controls. The cerebrospinal fluid level of PEA was significantly lower in patients with Rett syndrome than in the controls (31% of control values). The alteration in the cerebrospinal fluid level of PEA may reflect dopamine system impairment in Rett syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Repair of recurrent cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and skull base defect by endoscope].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the failed causes of repairing the cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and the use of endoscope techniques. METHOD: Eighteen cases with recurrent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea were retrospective studied. RESULT: Thirteen cases were repaired successfully at the first time transnasal endoscope and three cases succeed at the second attempt, two cases lost following-up after the failed repairing. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic repairing of CSF rhinorrhea is effective. The failure factors were: the leak location, repairing material and placement techniques, the area of skull base defect, correct localizing leak etc.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Glucose, pyruvate and lactate concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with cerebral infarction].

The determinations were performed in cerebrospinal fluid of 50 patients with recent cerebral infarction in the 1-st, 3-rd and 10-th day of disease. Spectrophotometrie methods were used for the determination of lactate and pyruvate and a colorimetric method for glucose determination. A statistically significant increase of glucose in the cerebrospinal fluid on the 1-st day after cerebral infarction and of pyruvate, lactate and lactate: pyruvate index on 1-st and 3-rd day after cerebral infarction was found. The results obtained point to intensification of the anaerobic pathway of glucose metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Haplotype-based linkage of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 to suicide attempt, major depression, and cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in 4 populations.

CONTEXT: Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) encodes the rate-limiting enzyme for brain serotonin biosynthesis. It was recently reported that the TPH2 haplotype was linked to depression in humans. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of TPH2 with suicide attempt, major depression, and a neurochemical intermediate phenotype, cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. DESIGN: We resequenced TPH2 coding, 5' promoter, 3'-untranslated region, and splice junction regions in 190 individuals selected for ethnic and clinical diversity, determined haplotype structure using 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms spanning 106 kilobases (kb), and performed linkage analysis in 1798 cases and controls representing 4 populations (657 African Americans, including 104 suicide attempters and 135 with major depression; 513 Finnish whites, including 150 suicide attempters; 146 US whites, including 81 with depression, anxiety disorder, or both; and 482 southwestern American Indians, including 123 suicide attempters and 191 with depression, anxiety disorder, or both) and in 94 Finnish whites for cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels. RESULTS: Sixteen single nucleotide polymorphisms, including Pro206Ser, were detected. The 15-locus panel defined and maximized information content from 2 haplotype blocks in whites, 3 haplotype blocks in African Americans, and the single haplotype block spanning TPH2 in southwestern American Indians. Among common Block1b haplotypes were 2 in yin and yang (opposite) configuration, indicating ancient origin. The yin haplotype, 212121, was increased in frequency in suicide attempters in both populations tested (Finnish whites and African Americans). It was associated with major depression and anxiety disorders in US whites and with major depression in African Americans. The yin haplotype was moderately predictive of lower cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations in controls but not in cases. CONCLUSION: Haplotype linkage of TPH2 to suicide attempt and major depression and to a mediating phenotype, cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, provides preliminary evidence of a functional locus potentially within a haplotype block at least 52 kb in size.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Sympathetic nervous control of cerebrospinal fluid production from the choroid plexus.

The rabbit choroid plexus, responsible for the bulk production of cerebrospinal fluid, is well supplied by sympathetic nerves emanating in the superior cervical ganglia. Electrical stimulation of these nerves markedly reduces production of cerebrospinal fluid, measured by [14C] inulin dilution during ventricular perfusion, whereas sympathetic denervation enhances the rate of formation.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1983

The concentration of prealbumin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), indicator of CSF circulation disorders.

Prealbumin, was determined in serum, lumbar and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and compared with albumin and IgG. The measured concentrations of prealbumin in the CSF indicate that there are two sources of prealbumin: a minor fraction enters the CSF via the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (B-CSF) barrier like albumin, and the major fraction enters the CSF at the ventricles, probably during production of the CSF in the ventricles. The two fractions can be calculated from the CSF concentration of prealbumin, serum prealbumin and the concentration gradient (serum/CSF) of albumin. The B-CSF barrier-independent prealbumin can be used as an indicator of CSF circulation. This was proved by the investigation of several special cases.

Albumins↗
PubMed1995

Cerebrospinal fluid fistula: the identification and management in pediatric temporal bone fractures.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula represents a potentially lethal complication and requires a high index of suspicion to make the diagnosis. A 12-year retrospective study of pediatric basilar skull fractures identified 147 patients with temporal bone fractures, of which 37 patients exhibited evidence of CSF fistula. The diagnosis is made from a combination of clinical, radiographic, and chemical evaluation. The evolution of diagnostic techniques are reviewed, and the more recent and sensitive tests, such as beta-2 transferrin, are emphasized. Treatment of CSF fistula is nonsurgical in most cases. Surgical exploration and mastoid obliteration were required in two patients, and the indications for surgical treatment are explored. The use of antibiotic prophylaxis is controversial and not routinely indicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid fistulae.

Twenty-four patients with a clinical diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulae who were assessed by MR are reported and the literature reviewed on the use of MR in the evaluation of CSF fistulae. Thirteen patients presented with rhinorrhoea, three had otorhinorrhoea and two had recurrent meningitis. Six patients had a combination of symptoms. Nine patients did not have active leakage of CSF at the time of MR scanning. The site of the CSF leak was identified in all 24 patients (100%) and was verified at operation in all patients. This study suggests that MR is a sensitive and accurate technique for detection of CSF leaks even in patients who are not actively leaking at the time of evaluation. MR imaging is a useful technique in the assessment of patients with CSF fistulae; it is non-invasive, offers excellent anatomical detail and has no radiation risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Cerebrospinal fluid absorption mechanism--based on measurement of CSF flow rate in shunt tube].

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption mechanism in cases of hydrocephalus was investigated on the basis of measurements of CSF flow in a shunt tube after ventriculo-peritoneal shunt surgery, monitoring of intracranial pressure, CT findings, radioisotope cisternography, cerebral blood flow, EEG, PSP tests and changes in neurological findings. The subjects were 6 males and 7 females aged from 18 to 70. CSF flow rates in the shunt tubes were between 0.01 and 1.93 ml/min. Calculating the daily volume of CSF flow, the subjects were divided into two groups: Group A (8 patients) with a volume of less than 150 ml/day (0.01-0.25 ml/min), and Group B (5 patients) with between 150 and 500 ml/day (0.01-1.93 ml/min). Monitoring of intracranial pressure prior to the shunt operation was performed in 10 cases. These pressure values ranged between 4 and 25 mmHg (mean: 7-8 mmHg), and there was no difference between the two groups. The pre-and post-operative radioisotope cisternography findings indicated improvement of ventricular dilatation, periventricular lucency and ventricular reflux. After the shunt operations, there was neurological improvement in 6 of the 8 Group A cases but only in 2 of the 5 Group B cases. Considering the CSF flow volumes of the two groups, it appears that in Group A the shunt tube is not the main CSF circulation pathway. This could mean that resistance to CSF absorption in the cerebrospinal space has decreased after the shunt operation and there has been recovery of the physiological CSF absorption pathways. In other words, neurological improvement can be expected in this group A.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Beta-endorphin levels in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid in humans].

Beta-endorphin concentrations were determined in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood before and after lumbar tap in 19 patients with lumbosacral pains. No statistically significant difference was observed in this concentration before and after lumbar tap, although in individual cases a significant rise of beta-endorphin occurred. The mean beta-endorphin concentration in blood was about twice as high as in the cerebrospinal fluid. No correlation was noticed between the concentration of beta-endorphin in blood and in CSF.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Cerebrospinal fluid lactate in the diagnosis of meningitis. Diagnostic value compared to standard biochemical methods.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate was determined in 245 patients by means of a rapid enzymatic method (Monotest Lactate). The mean value was 1.61 mmol/l (range 0.79-3.33) in 104 control patients, 2.06 mmol/l (range 0.76-4.31) in 121 patients with aseptic meningitis, and 8.18 mmol/l (range 1.77-19.21) in 20 patients with bacterial meningitis. In most of the patients CSF protein and the CSF/blood glucose quotient were also determined. Lactate and glucose quotient differentiated equally well between aseptic and bacterial meningitis while protein was somewhat less useful. Suitable values for discrimination between aseptic and bacterial meningitis were judged to be 3.0 mmol/l for CSF lactate, 1.0 g/l for CSF protein and 0.5 for the glucose quotient. Combinations of tests improved the diagnostic accuracy in aseptic but not in bacterial meningitis. In 2 patients with bacterial meningitis all tests failed. CSF lactate may be used as a supplementary aid in the diagnosis of meningitis. Its diagnostic efficacy was equal to but not better than that of the traditional methods.

Adolescent↗