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PubMed2002

[Histomorphological studies on hyperplastic prostate of castrated rat caused by androgen].

OBJECTIVES: To investigate prostatic histomorphological changes of rat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) models. METHODS: After castrated, SD rats were injected subcutaneously testosterone propionate to induce the BPH. Water substitution method was used to measure prostatic volumes. Prostatic tissue were stained by hemoloxylin and eosin, the morphometric changes of glandular and interstitial tissues were semi-quantified by image analysis system. Multiple linear regression was adopted to analyze the results. RESULTS: In comparison with normal group, prostatic volumes were significantly enlarged (P < 0.01) with glands expanded and interstitial tissues increased in BPH model. Glandular average diameters, volumes and surface areas in unit volume, as well as glandular circumferences and glandular relative total volumes were all significantly increased (P < 0.01). Glandular counts, density, ratio of glandular surface area to volume. And glandular average curvature were all declined (P < 0.05-0.01), so was interstitial circumference (P < 0.01). But volume density had no changes, and relative total interstitial volumes were obviously increased. Prostatic volume was significantly correlated with glandular relative total volume (r = 0.989, P < 0.001) and interstitial relative total volume(r = 0.789, P < 0.001). Prostatic volume was also correlated significantly with glandular average volume(r = 0.789, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Action of androgen on rat prostate may mainly lie in glandular epithelial hyperplasia, which manifests enlargement of glandular lumen accompanied by hyperplasia of interstitial tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Serum gonadotropins in the rat after prenatal damage to the testes by busulfan and their reaction to cryptorchidism, castration and administration of testosterone.

Adult male rats prenatally treated with 1,4-bis-(methanesulfonyloxy)-butane (busulfan), which damages the gonocytes, undergo cryptorchidization, castration or testosterone treatment and the FSH, LH and testosterone levels in serum are measured. Basal values of these hormones do not differ from those of controls. After cryptorchidization FSH levels rise but the LH levels do not. Following orchidectomy both hormone levels increase significantly. Application of testosterone in various doses increases FSH in normal animals but not in busulfan treated rats 24 h post infectionem. FSH and LH levels 7 days after administration do not differ from controls. According to the hypothesis that the FSH release depends on an inhibin from the testes, these experiments show evidence for inhibin being produced only in the Sertoli cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Biologic action of promestriene on the genital tract of the castrated rat].

The study assessed the activity of promestrien administered by a local vaginal route in 16 rats castrated 60 days previously. The dose used was 5 mg per day for 10 days. Following treatment, animals were sacrificed and histological analyses revealed a remarkable proliferation of the vaginal epithelium, inhibition and restored trophism of the strome, whereas no estrogen stimulus was observed at the level of uterine mucous. This confirms the exclusively local action of promestrien which does not provoke undesirable side effects on other segments of the genital tract, and allows the therapeutic use of the hormone in different gynaecological pathologies.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effects of halogenated analogues of cortisol and progesterone upon hair growth in castrated mice.

Several synthetic analogues of cortisol and progesterone were compared to cortisol in their effect of inhibiting the hair growth waves in castrated male C3H/Ep mice. This inhibitory effect was enhanced by fluorination at C-9 alpha and by methylation at C-16 alpha; it decreased by hydroxylation at C-17 alpha and C-21, by removal of hydroxyl group at C-11 and by the addition to bromine to C-12 alpha; it was not modified by oxidation of the hydroxyl group at C-11 or by the delta 1-4 substitution. There was a correlation between the glucocorticoid and hair inhibiting potencies in the cortisol analogues, but some progesterone analogues with very low glucocorticoid activity have marked hair inhibitory effects. No relation was found with the mineralocorticoid effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Serotonin contents in the hypothalamus of adult males, females and males castrated during the neonatal period].

The aim of the present work was to study the character of the change in serotonin level in the anterior and medial basal hypothalamus of adult rats after the effect of testicular hormones had been switched off on the first day of postnatal life. It was shown in our work that in males serotonin level was significantly lower than that in females by 67 and 46% in the anterior and medial basal hypothalamus, respectively. Castration of newborn males resulted in a significant increase in serotonin level in both anterior and medial basal hypothalamus-up to the level observed in females. It is supposed that the male sex hormones affect differentiation of serotoninergic system of the brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Endocrine therapy for prostatic carcinoma--the clinical trial to compare the efficacy of LH-RH analogue, ICI 118630 (Zoladex) with castration or estrogen].

A multicenter randomized clinical trial was carried out between May, 1986 and May, 1987 involving 82 patients with stage B-D prostatic carcinoma from 29 centers. The clinical efficacy, endocrine effect, safety and usefulness of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) analogue and other endocrine manipulations in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma. Zoladex depot containing 3.6 mg of ICI 118,630, an LH-RH analogue, was administered every four weeks 3 times in total. Patients in the control group received either 300 mg of diethylstilbestrol diphosphate orally daily for 12 weeks or orchidectomy. An antitumor effect (CR + PR) was observed in 21 of the 33 patients (63.6%) in the Zoladex group and in 22 of the 33 (66.7%) in the control group, showing no significant difference between the two groups. There was no significant difference in overall subjective response either; 21 of the 24 (87.5%) in the Zoladex group and 24 of the 30 (80.0%) in the control group. In both groups, 100% endocrine effect was obtained as shown by achievement of castration in all patients. Adverse reactions were observed in 14 of the 39 (35.9%) patients treated with Zoladex as compared with 19 of the 34 (55.9%) control patients, resulting in no significant difference in the incidence between the two groups. These adverse reactions were not so severe as to require withdrawal from the study. In both groups, the treatment was assessed as slightly or more useful in 29 of the 33 (87.9%) patients. From these results, it is concluded that Zoladex, 3.6 mg depot, is a useful drug for treatment of prostatic cancer, having clinical efficacy and endocrine effects comparable to those of the conventional endocrine manipulations, being safe, and causing less physiological and psychological pain.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Biochemical characterization and immunohistochemical localization of progestin and estrogen receptors in castrate rat submandibular gland.

The physicochemical property and immunohistochemical localization of progestin (P) and estrogen (E) receptors (PR and ER) were examined in the submandibular gland (SMG) of 5-8-week-old castrated rats. The localization of epidermal growth factor (EGF) was simultaneously examined in the same tissue. The tissue cytosols from male and female rats specifically bound 3H-promegestone (3H-R5020) and 3H-estradiol-17 beta with high affinity and low capacity; the values were within the range of those reported for other tissues. However, E-treatment suppressed the specific P-binding in the female, whereas it did not in the male. On the contrary, E-treatment did not at all suppress specific E-binding in both sexes. Monoclonal antibodies against PR and ER were mainly located in the epithelium of the excretory duct and granular convoluted tubule, but not in the acinus. The monoclonal antibodies were also located in the large polygonal cell with irregular cell border, probably macrophage in the tissue. The EGF-immunoreactivity was observed in the epithelium of the same tissue region as that in which the monoclonal antibodies were located. The present results clearly suggest that the rat SMG tissue contains specific PR and ER that are mainly located in the epithelium of the duct system where EGF-producing cells are also located. The possibility that P and E may influence EGF-production through their receptors in this tissue was discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of nerobol on the histophysiology of the islands of Langerhans of intact and castrated female rats].

Experiments were conducted on 250 albino female rats, 100 to 120 g in weight. A study was made of the influence of nerobol on the insular apparatus of the pancreas. A 10-day administration of nerobol in a dose of 10 mg/kg stimulated the functional activity of the insular apparatus, facilitated the course of alloxan diabetes, increased the tolerance of the beta-cells of the islets to alloxan both in intact and in castrated female rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effects of progesterone and 17-beta-oestradiol treatments on the pancreatic B cell castrated female rats. Biochemical variations.

The biochemical effects of progesterone and/or oestradiol treatments on castrated female rats have been compared to those of control olive-oil injections. 1. The steroid treatments used produced physiological concentrations of the two hormones in peripheral plasma, comparable to those obtained during pregnancy. 2. Glycemia remains within a normal range for all the treatments. 3. Circulating immunoreactive insulin (IRI) increases in the steroid-treated rats and the values reach those of the pregnant animals. 4. It was concluded that the biochemical modifications that occur during the steroid treatment (especially with the combined treatment) are quite comparable to what happens during pregnancy and explain, at least in part, the altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and the hyperactivity in the B cell, resulting in an increased insulin secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Development of a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method using multiple analytes for the confirmatory analysis of anabolic steroid residues in horse urine. II. Detection of administration of 19-nortestosterone phenylpropionate to equine male castrates and fillies.

Esters of 19-nortestosterone form an important group of anabolic preparations used in veterinary practice. Based upon results from detailed metabolic studies for 19-nortestosterone in the horse, a method to confirm the administration of anabolic preparations of this steroid to castrated male horses and fillies is described; the method is based upon the use of multiple analytes. Following administration of the anabolic preparations, solid-phase extraction of urinary conjugates and the separation of the conjugate groups prior to hydrolysis allow for the determination of specific metabolites conjugated with either glucuronic acid or sulphate. Following hydrolysis of the conjugates, purification of the free neutral steroids on thin-layer chromatography, derivatisation and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis, the presence of the major metabolites, estrane-3,17 alpha-diol in the glucuronic acid fraction and 19-nortestosterone and two isomers of estrane-3,17-diol in the sulphate fraction, could be confirmed for 17-18 days after administration of Nandrolin (19-nortestosterone phenylpropionate).

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMed1985

Progesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone advance the estrogen-induced bioassayable luteinizing hormone surge in castrate monkeys.

Recent studies have demonstrated marked disparities between bioassayable (BIO) versus radioimmunoassayable concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) at midcycle. Other studies in intact women and monkeys have indicated that progesterone (P) may facilitate estrogen induction of the preovulatory gonadotropin surges. We have combined the study of these observations as follows: long-term castrate female monkeys were given estradiol benzoate with and without subsequent P or 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) injections. Plasma was collected during a selected 24-hour interval via a chronic indwelling femoral vein cannula. Initially, estrogen-negative feedback decreased the pulsatility and circulating levels of gonadotropins. P and 17-OHP treatment (after estradiol) hastened initiation of the BIO-LH surge by up to 8 hours. Although estrogen-positive feedback alone enhanced the biologic activity of LH, P and 17-OHP expedited the midcycle-like BIO-LH surges.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1985

[Castration of roosters].

The castration of the cock is described from the topographic anatomical view. In contrast to previous authors a general narcosis is recommended, which is in accord with the relevant legislation for the prevention of cruelty to animals.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1979

[Effect of age, castration and pregnancy on carcinogenesis, induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, in CBA mice].

Subcutaneous injection of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine into female CBA mice once a week resulted in the development of tumours of the colon, anal region, uterus and liver. In 12-13-month-old mice treated with DMH an earlier appearance (week 8) of uterine sarcomas and more rapid increase in the incidence of tumours of the anal region were noted as compared to 3-month-old mice. In pregnant females treated with DMH a statistically significant decrease in the uterine sarcoma incidence was observed (10.3% versus 48.3% in nonpregnant). Pregnancy exerted no effect on the incidence of tumours at other sites. Castration did not affect the time of appearance and the incidence of tumours of any site.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1979

[Electromyographic study of uterine activity in the castrated red fox (Vulpes vulpes L.) treated with oestradiol and progesterone (author's transl)].

Effect of oestradiol and progesterone on the electromyographic activity (EMG) of the uterus is studied in 6 groups of 2 previously castrated vixens (A, B, C, D, E, F). The animals of gropu A are treated daily with intramuscular injections of oestradiol benzoate alone or oestradiol and progesterone together. These hormones are also given to the group F, oestradiol by a subcutaneous tablet and progesterone intramuscularly. The other females only receive a silastic implant of oestrogen (groups B, C, D, E). Electrical activity is daily recorded during the various treatments, in unanaesthetized animals, by means of platinum electrodes permanently implanted in the uterus. Plasma oestradiol concentrations in peripheral blood are determined in groups A and B. The results show that : 1. OEstradiol induces rhythmic EMG activity composed of bursts of action potentials (Fig. 2). It appears after a delay of 1 to 3 days following the beginning of treatment, except in the animals of group E, treated with a 25 mg oestradiol implant (6 days). Then, EMG activity gradually increases, and the frequency of bursts is at a maximum within 24 to 48 hours. Except in group E, it exceeds 30 per 10 minutes and the amplitude of potentials sometimes reachs 1 mV.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1979

Effect of insulin on vaginal epithelium cells from castrated female rats. II. Studies on exfolative cytology.

The effect of insulin (single subcutaneous injection, 3 IU/100 g body weight) on the vaginal epithelium cells of female adult castrated rats was studied. An increase in nuclear volume and modification of the cytological picture suggesting an activation of cellular metabolism were observed. This anabolic effect of insulin is observed in other cells of the organism, and is not confined to vaginal epithelium cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Castration for treatment of perianal gland neoplasms in the dog.

Neoplasms of the perianal gland are common in the dog, particularly the male. Adenomas of the gland develop about 4.5 times more often than do carcinomas of the gland. The adenoma is hormone dependent; thus, castration without excision of the tumor has been successful in promoting regression without recurrence. Microscopic examination of the testes from dogs with perianal gland neoplasms has revealed 1 in 10 with tubular atrophy and 1 in 3 with testicular neoplasia. Interstitial cell tumors have been seen more often than other cell types of testis tumors.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1979

Influence of progestin upon hemodynamics in castrated male pygmy goats.

Effects of progestin administration for 5 to 6 weeks upon hemodynamics were studied in two separate experiments, using trained, adult castrated male Pygmy goats. Measurements of cardiac output, blood pressure, plasma volume, and oxygen content of arterial and mixed venous blood were made before, during, and after treatment. In experiment 1, four animals were used. Progesterone was implanted subcutaneously in silicone envelopes which released an average of 44 mg of progesterone/day/goat. A 20% decrease in cardiac output occurred by the 5th week of treatment. Blood pressure was maintained by an increased peripheral vascular resistance. The five animals in experiment 2 were given (IM) 6 mg of 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone/kg of body weight/day. Cardiac output decreased 17% in the 2nd and 3rd weeks of hormone treatment. 17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone caused a transient natriuresis followed by sodium retention. Urinary aldosterone excretion increased after 9 days of treatment, but returned to normal by the 15th day.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Reactivity of castrated female rats to estrone in alloxan diabetes].

After the administration of alloxan (in 23 days) to adult female rats the mass of the ovaries, the uterus, and the vagina altered, but the height of the uterine endometrium and the thickness of the vaginal epithelial layer decreased. When estron was administered to castrated rats with alloxan diabetes the mass of the uterus and the vagina and the height of the uterine endometrium, and of the epithelial layer of the vagina increased to the same degree as in rats with the intact pancreas; reactivity of diabetic rats to estrogen approached the sensitivity of animals with normal pancreatic functions.

Animals↗