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At least 1,765 records · Page 98Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Pharmacological properties of 6,7-tetramethylene-5-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-thieno[2,3-e](1,4)-diazepin-2-one (QM-6008, thiadipone), a new psychotropic drug.

The pharmacological actions of 6,7-tetramethylene-5-phenyl-1,2,-dihydro-3H-thieno]2,3-e](1,4)-diazepin-2-one (QM-6008, thiadiapone), a new psychotropic drug, have been studied. QM-6008 shares many of the psychosedative effects in rodents of benzodiazepines. The electroencephalographic actions in rats and rabbits of QM-6008 and chlordiazepoxide are also rather similar. This new compounds is endowed with clear conflict attenuating properties in an approach-avoidance schedule and can be considered, in consequence, as a new potentially useful anxiolytic drug. In other operant conditioning procedures in rats--Variable Interval and Discriminated Avoidance--QM-6008 induces an increase in response rate which is not generally shared by chlordiazepoxide. The psychopharmacological data collected in the present work leal to classify this new thienodiazepine derviative within the fram of tranquilizers of the benxodaizapine type. The sedative effects of QM-6008 appear howerer to be less potent and the psychostimulatn effects more markde than those ofchlordiazeposide.

Aggression↗
PubMed2002

[Relationship between inflammation of upper and lower respiratory airways].

Dysfunction of the upper and lower airways frequently coexists, and they appear to share key elements of pathogenesis. Data from epidemiologic studies indicate that nasal symptoms are experienced by as many as 78% of patients with asthma and that asthma is experienced by as many as 38% of patients with allergic rhinitis. Among patients with nasal polyps 27-51% have asthma. Polyps of nasal mucosa usually exacerbates symptoms of concomitant asthma. Studies also have identified a temporal relation between the onset of rhinitis and asthma, with rhinitis frequently preceding the development of asthma. Patients with allergic rhinitis and no clinical evidence of asthma commonly exhibit nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsivenes. The mechanisms upper and lower airway dysfunction are under investigation. They include nasal-bronchial reflex, mouth breathing caused by nasal obstruction, and pulmonary aspiration of nasal contents. Nasal allergen challenge results in increases in lower airway reactivity within 30 minutes, suggesting a neural reflex. Improvements in asthma associated with increased nasal breathing may be the result of superior humidification, warming of inspired air, and decreased inhalation of airborne allergens. Postnasal drainage of inflammatory cells during sleep also may affect lower airway responsiveness. The effective management of allergic rhinitis relieves symptoms of asthma. A link between allergic rhinitis and asthma is evident from epidemiologic, pathophysiologic, and clinical studies. The development of differential diagnosis of rhinitis has multiplied their present classifications. This article presents classifications of rhinitis connected with lower airways dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

European best practice guidelines for renal transplantation. Section IV: Long-term management of the transplant recipient. IV.2.2 Chronic graft dysfunction. Immunological factors (alloimmunity).

GUIDELINE: All recipients of an allogeneic kidney graft should take life-long maintenance immunosuppressive medication. Whereas there is no immunological test to diagnose chronic allograft dysfunction, circumstantial evidence suggests that immunological factors play an important role in its pathogenesis. This evidence is based on experimental data, the beneficial effect of sharing HLA antigens between donor and recipient and post-transplantation immunological monitoring studies.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2004

Characteristics of Type 2 diabetic patients cared for by general practitioners either with medical nutrition therapy alone or with hypoglycaemic drugs.

The essential role of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) for people with diabetes is widely recognised, and its exclusive use is recommended in mild diabetes according to a stepwise therapeutic approach. We describe the characteristics of MNT-treated Type 2 diabetic patients (vs drugs) cared for by general practitioners (GPs) in order to check that appropriate differences did exist between the two groups, by auditing the data from our local shared-care program for diabetes. We had 16,000 diabetic patients (out of 630,000 inhabitants); 6,800 of them (42.5%) cared for by GPs. Thirty-one percent (2,079 out of 6,800 patients cared for by GPs) were treated with MNT and 69% with drugs. The MNT-treated patients (vs drugs) were younger (66.1 +/- 10.7 vs 67.7 +/- 11.0 yr, p<0.01), had shorter disease duration (8.2 +/- 6.6 vs 11.2 +/- 7.6 yr, p<0.01), lower HbA1c (7.0 +/- 1.1 vs 7.8 +/- 1.6%, p<0.01) and body mass index (BMI) (28.6 +/- 4.6 vs 29.0 +/- 4.9 kg/m2, p<0.01). They had less prevalence of high blood triglycerides (25.4% vs 29.0%, p<0.01). MNT-treated patients had less micro-albuminuria (5.3% vs 8.8%, p<0.01); less retinopathy both non-proliferant (6.5% vs 11.1%, p<0.01), and pre-proliferant (6.8% vs 12.7%, p<0.01), and proliferant (7.0% vs 12.9%, p<0.01); less peripheral neuropathy (3.9% vs 8.3%, p<0.01); and diabetic foot (1.0% vs 2.0%, p<0.01). They had less chronic heart failure (2.7% vs 4.6%, p<0.01), and claudicatio intermittens (3.3% vs 5.3%, p<0.01). In conclusion, the Type 2 diabetic patients cared for by GPs using MNT appropriately had a less severe form of diabetes.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Search for HHV-8 associated diseases reservoir and spread paths of HHV-8 in Russia].

Summarized in the paper are study results of human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) and of its association with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). The data obtained denotes that the share of individuals producing the antibodies to HHV-8 in a majority of studied patients was low and ranged form 0 to 5.5%, which is indicative of a low degree of the virus spread in population. At the same time, a high share of persons with antibodies to HHV-8 was detected among HIV-infected homosexuals (71.4%), kidney recipients (26.0%) and among AIDS-KS patients (78.6%). It was also unexpectedly high among patients with T- and B-cell lymphomas (50%), encephalopathy (27.3%) and with stomach cancer (41.8%): the appropriate parameters were 7-12-fold higher versus healthy subjects. The HHV-8 markers, i.e. virus specific antibodies and/or nucleotide sequences of the virus, were detected in blood serum and ejaculate of a significant number of patients with different pathologies of the prostate. Such detection of viral markers in the above categories of patients is suggestive of that sexual contacts with such patients are decisive for the HHV-8 spread in population.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2005

Distributed collaborative radiological visualization using access grid.

This paper describes early technical success toward enabling high quality distributed shared volumetric visualization of radiological data in concert with multipoint video collaboration using Grid infrastructures. Key principles are the use of commodity off-the-shelf hardware for client machines and open source software to permit deployment of over a large and diverse group of sites. Key software used includes the Access Grid Toolkit, the Visualization Toolkit, and Chromium.

Diagnostic Imaging↗
PubMed1992

Karyotype similarities among Pimelodidae (Pisces, Siluriformes) from the Brazilian amazon region.

Three neotropical species of freshwater fish (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum, P. tigrinum and Sorubim lima) of the Amazon region (Brazil) were cytogenetically analysed by means of conventional, silver staining and C-banding techniques. All showed 2n = 56, with a predominance of biarmed chromosomes. The NORs were located in the terminal position on the short arms, and only two chromosomes bearing NORs were detected. Heterochromatin was found to be equilocally distributed in some chromosomes of the three species, which may share homologous chromosomes. The present data indicate a somewhat conservative karyotypic evolution in this fish group.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Standardization of Korean nursing terminology.

Korean nursing terminology was standardized to improve sharing and exchange of nursing data and information. English nursing terms were collected from existing nursing terminology, journal articles, nursing records, text books, and nursing/medical dictionaries, translated into Korean and were tested for their validity. More than 9000 terms were standardized and published on a website for further feedback from the users. This study will contribute to communication within the nursing community and with other health care professionals.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

[Prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis using chromosomal preparations of the native biopsy samples of chorionic villi, cultured chorionic cells and amniocytes].

Analysis of the results of prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis carried out in the first and second pregnancy trimesters in more than 300 women permitted comparing the efficacies of two methodologic approaches, diagnostic amniocentesis and chorion sampling , with due consideration for the methodologic errors typical of these methods and of the tested biologic material. Up to 5% of the diagnoses are erroneous if the diagnosis is based on chorion sampling data, whereas in amniocentesis the share of diagnostic errors is lower by an order. The authors have given a theoretical rationale for and tried a methodologic approach, involving the employment of the 'direct' chromosomal preparations from villous chorion biopsy specimens and the so-called 'maintained' cell culture technique, that permits obtaining chromosomal preparations of higher quality and, consequently, helps improve the accuracy of chromosomal diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[TIA--an emergency?].

Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) can be a sign of impending stroke and as such an indication of atherosclerotic disease or other impending vascular catastrophe. We discuss clinical presentation, pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnostic procedures and guidelines for therapy using data from four TIA cases sharing certain symptoms but differing in etiology.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

The experience of a child and adolescent inpatient unit in London.

The Mildred Creak Unit of the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London, England, has been evaluating and treating children and adolescents now for over 16 years. A portion of their valuable experience, with 394 patients reviewed, is presented in this article. Items discussed include: (1) major diagnostic labels utilized and their frequency of use; (2) ages and sex of young people within the major diagnostic categories; and (3) information on discharge status plus average length of stay. This paper affords the reader an opportunity to compare the Mildred Creak Unit experience with his or her own experience, hopefully enhancing further international sharing of child and adolescent data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Does a small minority of elderly account for a majority of health care expenditures? A sixteen-year perspective.

Canadian and American analysts commonly find that a small proportion of the elderly is responsible for a large share of health care expenditures. Data on a representative cohort in Manitoba indicate that the longer the time frame studied, the less health care usage concentrates in a single small group of elderly people. Over the sixteen-year period treated, the average older person's risks of using hospital and nursing home services is nevertheless notably higher than reported to date; yet, one-half of the elderly make relatively minimal demands on the health care system. The results reinforce calls for targeting the needs of intensive consumers of health care services and highlight the variability of cumulative usage patterns among older Manitobans.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Is there a calcification factor common to all calcifying matrices?

This paper reviews the principal morphological findings pertinent to the early phases of the calcification process and explores the possibility that there may be a calcification factor common to all calcifying matrices. Three structures have a main role in calcification: collagen fibrils, matrix vesicles, and crystal ghosts. Only crystal ghosts are present in all calcified tissues, so that only they can be taken into consideration as a common calcification factor. They are organic molecules which have the same morphology as that of the inorganic structures present in the calcified matrix, which means that they can be considered as templates for those structures. Early calcification might be initiated by the binding of calcium and phosphate ions to the unmasked reactive groups of the crystal ghosts which are probably contained not only in the matrix, but also in the "holes" of the collagen fibrils and in matrix vesicles. The available data suggest that crystal ghosts share many of the properties of "crystal bound proteins". The involvement of alkaline phosphatase in their composition may account for their calcium- and phosphate-binding activity.

Bone Matrix↗
PubMed1986

hv1 is an evolutionarily conserved H2A variant that is preferentially associated with active genes.

Polyclonal antibodies to the Tetrahymena macronuclear-specific histone variant hv1 cross-react with histone-like molecules from yeast, wheat, and mouse. A novel purification scheme has allowed isolation of sufficient hv1 to enable determination of the sequence of 61 amino-terminal residues as well as 27 additional internal residues. These data clearly demonstrate that hv1 shares a number of conserved sequence elements with the H2A family of histones. Comparison of hv1 with H2A.F (= H2A.Z = M1), another evolutionarily conserved H2A variant whose sequence is known, reveals that they share an unblocked amino-terminal alanine (instead of acetylserine) and a distinctive structure in a "variant box" region that distinguishes them from major H2As. In addition, 10 residues have been identified which are identical (or highly similar) in hv1 and H2A.F, but are different from residues conserved in the major H2As. Therefore, in many ways hv1 resembles chick H2A.F more than the major Tetrahymena H2A. The sites of acetylation of hv1 also differ from those of the major Tetrahymena H2As. In spite of their similarities, hv1 and H2A.Z differ significantly in their amino termini, and antibodies against hv1 do not react with H2A.Z. Interestingly, the nucleolar staining pattern reported with anti-hv1 serum is similar to that reported for an antiserum to another H2A variant, mouse testes-enriched H2A.X. Since both H2A.Z and hv1 appear to be enriched in transcriptionally active chromatin, these results suggest that there may be a number of different, functionally distinct, nonallelic variants in the H2A family of histones and that hv1 is a hybrid H2A variant with properties of both vertebrate H2A.Z and H2A.X.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1983

Two novel cultured cell lines, A3/Kawakami and A4/Fukuda, derived from malignant lymphoma of B(non-T)-cell nature of the gastrointestinal tract.

A3/Kawakami was derived from ascitic lymphoma cells of a 68-year-old female patient with malignant lymphoma (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, diffuse, large cell type) of the stomach and A4/Fukuda was derived from ascitic lymphoma cells of a 52-year-old female patient with double cancer of the colon (well-differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, diffuse, large cell type). The fresh ascitic lymphoma cells in the case of A3/Kawakami were surface immunoglobulin-positive, but the cultured A3/Kawakami cells no longer expressed any distinct markers. In the case of A4/Fukuda, the fresh ascitic lymphoma cells and cultured cells did not express any specific surface markers. Only 20% of A4/Fukuda cells were reactive with OKI1. However, a small amount of IgM could be detected in the cell extract and concentrated culture supernate of A4/Fukuda. In addition, A4/Fukuda cells heterotransplanted into anti-thymocyte sera-treated newborn hamster or athymic nude mice with a BALB/c genetic background were found to have weak surface immunoglobulin and distinct cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (gamma, mu). These data suggest that A4/Fukuda cells share the characteristics of the late differentiation stage of B-cell lineage (intermediate between mature B-cells and plasma cells). It was found that monoclonal antibodies, OKT4 and anti-Leu 3a, which are known to react specifically with inducer/helper T-cells, reacted to both A3/Kawakami and A4/Fukuda cells. The karyotypes of both A3/Kawakami and A4/Fukuda cells were very complicated but included some marker chromosomes such as 14q+.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A molecular mechanism of T cell downregulation by blood transfusion.

Pretransplant blood transfusions have been given to renal transplant recipients in order to improve graft survival since almost 20 years. Nevertheless, the mechanism involved in this tolerating effect of blood transfusions has not been revealed yet. Recent data, showing a need for sharing of at least one HLA-DR antigen between blood transfusion donor and recipient to obtain downregulation of the alloimmune response, are the basis of the present hypothesis. We postulate that HLA-DR-shared blood transfusions activate CD4+ T cells recognizing allogeneic peptides in the context of the shared HLA-DR molecule. These CD4+ T cells are able to downregulate the immune response of autologous activated (thus HLA-DR-positive) T cells directed against any allogeneic organ, sharing at least one allogeneic peptide with the blood transfusion donor. Essential in this hypothesis is that the T cells activated by the graft will pick up that allogeneic peptide from the transplanted organ and present it in the context of the shared HLA-DR molecule to the autologous regulatory CD4+ T cells, primed by the blood transfusion.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The widening gap between socioeconomic status and mortality.

Despite important declines in U.S. death rates since 1960, poor and less-educated people have not shared equally in this decline. Data from the 1986 National Mortality Followback Survey and the 1986 National Health Interview Survey were compared to data from the 1960 Matched Record Study. The data clearly show an inverse relationship between mortality and socioeconomic status. Results further indicate a widening of differences in mortality by education among both men and women aged 25 to 64. That is, the mortality differential has increased between those with higher levels of education and those with lower educational attainment. The disparity in mortality rates increased between 1960 and 1986 for both sexes. These findings focus attention on the disparity in death rates for subgroups of the population and point to the increasing need to address socioeconomic differentials to close the gap.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Contributions of pharmacology in the treatment of resistance to antidepressive agents].

Pharmacology can contribute in four ways to our understanding and to the management of resistant depression: 1) Dosage: some antidepressants have an inverted-U dose-response curve, i.e. the response disappears when dosage is increased. In man, dose-response relationships are not well established because the curves are obtained with groups of patients and they reflect an overall mean rather than the reality of each individual patient. 2) Secondary regulatory adaptive mechanism such as: down regulation of beta, 5-HT2, alpha-2 receptors--increased reactivity of 5-HT1A, alpha-1 and dopaminergic systems. Defective development of these mechanisms is thought to originate resistance in certain cases, which could therefore be corrected more or less specifically by adding thyroid hormone, lithium, an alpha-2 agonist or even by switching to a 5-HT1A agonist or a dopaminergic drug. 3) Biological resistance factors: it has been shown in the rat that hypothyroidism, diabetes, weight loss cause a decrease in beta-adrenergic system reactivity, and therefore a resistance to noradrenergic antidepressants. 4) Co-prescription: the efficacy of noradrenergic antidepressants is known to involve the activation of beta-adrenergic receptors. Animal studies have shown that the co-prescription of a beta-blocker nullifies this efficacy. Benzodiazepines decrease serotonergic and noradrenergic neuronal activity: animal studies have shown that they antagonize most antidepressants. What happens in depressed humans who are often co-prescribed these drugs? I would like to share with you a few data from experimental pharmacology which may help us to think differently, not when faced to a patient with resistant depression, but when confronted with the failure of a well conducted antidepressant treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗