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At least 1,765 records · Page 98Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Acquisition of parasites correlated with social rank and behavioural changes in a fish species.

A survey of parasites was conducted on 258 Symphodus ocellatus (Teleostei: Labridae) collected in Corsica National Park (west Mediterranean). In addition, the total length, sex and social status were recorded for each individual fish. Three species of trematodes were found in the digestive tract. One of the parasites, Genitocotyle mediterranea, was only present, with one exception, in males of large size, and principally in the individuals that had the highest status and that were involved in nest construction. Two hypotheses are suggested to explain this particular distribution of a parasite: the immunocompetence handicap and the changing trophic behaviour as the fish grows.

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PubMed1978

Egg-laying and hatching rhythms in the monogenean Diplozoon homoion gracile from the southern barbel (Barbus meridionalis).

Diplozoon homoion gracile from the southern barbel (Barbus meridionalis) displays an egg-laying and an egg hatching rhythm, the latter being more clearly defined. Egg laying continues both day and night but significantly more eggs are laid at night. The oncomiracidia hatch at dusk. If parasite eggs are eaten by the host they pass through the gut undamaged and hatch normally.

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PubMed1977

The site preferences of two digeneans, Asymphylodora kubanicum and Sphaerostoma bramae, in the intestine of the roach.

The digeneans Asymphylodora kubanicum and Sphaerostoma bramae showed distinct and different site preferences in the roach intestine, the majority of A. kubanicum being found in the first limb and the majority of S. bramae occurring in the second and third limbs. A. kubanicum excysts and establishes itself in the first limb and this is considered to be the basis of the observed distribution of the parasite in the host's intestine. The site preference of S. bramae is discussed in relation to the physiology of the parasite and the host and to possible competitive interactions with A. kubanicum.

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PubMed1986

Development of Trichobilharzia australis Blair & Islam, 1983 in the snail, Lymnaea lessoni Deshayes and in an experimental definitive host, the Muscovy duck.

The development of Trichobilharzia australis Blair & Islam, 1983 in the intermediate host, Lymnaea lessoni Deshayes and in experimental definitive hosts, Muscovy ducks is described. 24 hours after entry into the snail, miracidia had lost their cilia, epidermal plates and lateral processes and became young mother sporocysts. They were located in the tissues of the head-foot organ of the snail and were oval in cross section but still retained the shape of a miracidium, and measured 0.058-0.066 X 0.041-0.049 mm. From the seventh day onward young mother sporocysts were tubular, thin-walled, irregular in shape and were in the tissues of the lung and kidney of the snail. On the 24th day mature mother sporocysts and young daughter sporocysts were found in the digestive gland. Between the 24th and 29th day mature daughter sporocysts with fully developed cercariae ready to emerge, or already emerged, could be seen in the digestive gland of the snail. Cercariae emerged from the snail from the 29th to 46th day after exposure at 25 degrees +/- 1 degree C. The prepatent period of T. australis in the Muscovy ducks was 22 to 42 days after the beginning of exposure to cercariae.

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PubMed1987

Development, growth, and migration of Philophthalmus gralli (Trematoda) from Jordan in the eyes of chicks.

The growth of Philophthalmus gralli from Jordan was studied experimentally by inoculating 10 excysted metacercariae around the right eye of 47 day-old chicks. The growth rate was slow in the first three days during which flukes did not exceed 0.30 mm long. Then growth became rapid reaching 2.70 mm long on day 24. This was followed by a low growth rate during which the flukes grew from 2.70 mm to 2.90 mm on day 40. The flukes started to appear in the left eye on day 12 post-inoculation of metacercariae in the right eye. The recovery of flukes in the left eye increased from 5% on day 12 to 30% on day 32. The development of P. gralli from Jordan was the same as of other species of Philophthalmus. However, a sixth stage, post-maturation stage, is suggested in addition to the 5 developmental stages of Philophthalmus. The ratio of the transverse diameter of the ovary to that of testes in the post-maturation stage was 1:1.1-1:1.2.

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PubMed1991

Scanning and transmission electron microscopical observations on the tegument of excysted metacercariae and adults of Zygocotyle lunata.

Scanning and transmission electron microscopical observations were made on the tegument of excysted metacercariae and adults of the paramphistome, Zygocotyle lunata (Digenea: Trematoda). In accord with other paramphistomes studied, this species lacks spines and mitochondria in the tegumentary syncytium and associated cytons. The newly excysted metacercarie, which possessed relatively few tegumental papillae, were cylindrical in comparison to adults which were distinctly flat. The adults had large numbers of tegumental papillae in the region of the oral sucker and acetabulum.

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PubMed1991

The adhesive attitudes of some gill-parasitic capsalid monogeneans.

A description is given of three contrasting adhesive attitudes exhibited by three species of capsalid monogeneans from the gills of three different species of teleost fish from Heron Island, Queensland, Australia. The proximal end of the primary lamella of the coral trout, Plectropomus maculatus has a wide inner border, free from secondary lamellae, on each flat face. The haptor of Trochopus plectropomi is small enough to attach to this flat surface without folding. Benedenia sp. 1 attaches itself to the gills of stripey, Lutjanus carponatatus, by folding the haptor longitudinally around the inner edge of the primary lamella. Most specimens of T. plectropomi and all specimens of Benedenia sp. 1 were orientated with the anterior end projecting towards the tip of the primary lamella. Benedenia sp. 2 generally prefers relatively flat surfaces in the gill chamber but is more versatile in its choice of attachment sites on its host, the blacktip cod, Epinephelus fasciatus; two specimens were attached to the gill arch, one to a gill raker and one to the dorsal pharyngeal tooth pad.

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PubMed1993

Cytochemical observations on the nervous system of adult Corrigia vitta.

Adult Corrigia vitta (Trematoda: Dicrocoelidea) inhabit the pancreatic duct of the fieldmouse, Apodemus sylvaticus, where, in numbers, they may occlude the duct lumen and prevent the flow of pancreatic secretions. Enzyme histochemical and immunocytochemical techniques, in conjunction with confocal scanning laser microscopy, have been used to examine the localization and distribution of cholinergic, serotoninergic (5-HT, serotonin) and peptidergic components of the nervous system of the adult worm. All three classes of neuronal mediator showed a common pattern of staining, occurring throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. Of the four peptide immunoreactivities (IR) demonstrated (pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide YY (PYY), substance P (SP), FMRFamide), PP-IR was the most predominant, occurring not only within the central ganglia and longitudinal nerve cords, but also in subtegumental plexuses and in fibres associated with the egg-forming apparatus. PYY and FMRFamide IRs were evident throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems; FMRFamide immunostaining, in particular, highlighted innervation of the ootype and immunoreactive cell bodies around the Mehlis' gland. Both SP- and 5-HT-IRs were restricted to the cerebral ganglia, ventral nerve cords and associated cell bodies. The distribution patterns of these peptides and 5-HT within the nervous system of C. vitta suggest they are likely to function as neuronal mediators. PP, PYY and FMRFamide may also serve in regulating egg production.

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PubMed1994

The miracidium of Transversotrema patialense (Soparkar, 1924).

The miracidium of Transversotrema patialense (Digenea: Transversotrematidae) has 21 epidermal cells arranged in four tiers with an epidermal formula of 6, 9, 4, 2. The penetration gland is large, conspicuous, contains a posterior globular part with 6 prominent nuclei and opens out through 6 pores arranged in two lateral groups at the tip of the apical papilla. The miracidium lacks lateral papillae, possesses a well developed subepithelium, a pair of flame cells and a germ ball.

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PubMed1996

Ultrastructural observations of the tegument of Postorchigenes gymnesicus (Digenea: Lecithodendriidae).

The tegument of Postorchigenes gymnesicus has been studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The general body tegument is spinous and contains mitochondria, biconcave disc-shaped vesicles bounded by an unitary membrane and displaying a protein content, and scarce spherical bodies. The tegument covering specialized body regions is aspinous. Few vesicles were evident in the tegument covering the suckers and oesophagus, being more abundant in the metraterm and cirrus where the tegument is thicker. Laurer's canal has a thick tegument with sparse vesicles, mostly arranged close to the apical membrane. A direct association was evident between the basal lamina underlying the spines and the muscular subtegumental fibres, suggesting a motile character for the spine.

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PubMed1996

Adherence of carp leucocytes to adults and cercariae of the blood fluke Sanguinicola inermis.

Live adult and cercarial stages of Sanguinicola inermis Plehn, 1905 (Trematoda:Sanguinicolidae) were maintained in vitro in the presence of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) leucocytes. Cells and parasites were fixed at intervals from 0.25 to 48 h and examined using light microscopy, SEM and TEM. Within 12 h of exposure, leucocytes were found attached to cercariae although, by 24 h, fewer cells were found attached to postcercarial, juvenile adult stages that had shed their tails. Neutrophils and macrophages were found attached to the damaged tegument of cercarie that had not transformed by 48 h. Few cells were attached to the tegument of adult flukes that were alive when fixed. However, there was extensive tegumental damage and numerous cells were attached to adult flukes that had died before fixation. The results are discussed with reference to parasite survival within the vascular system of the host.

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PubMed1996

Ultrastructure of the tegument of the trematode Ganeo tigrinum parasitizing the intestine of Indian frogs.

The surface tegument of G. tigrinum generally resembles that described for other digeneans. It contains surface tubercles and is covered with a glycocalyx. In the anterior region the tegument bears spines while tubular-like canals and occasional deep invaginations are present on the anteroventral surface. Two types of secretory body are present in the tegumental syncytium and produced in separate tegumental cells. Mitochondria are present in the surface syncytium, suggesting active transport occurs across the tegument in non-hibernating frogs.

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PubMed1996

Benedeniine capsalid monogeneans from Australian fishes: pathogenic species, site-specificity and camouflage.

There are about 70 species of capsalid monogeneans in the Benedeniinae worldwide but only about half are described from the diverse fish fauna in the Pacific Ocean. Up to 1992, only five species of benedeniines were known from Australia. Two potentially destructive species of benedeniines, Benedenia seriolae from Seriola lalandi and B. sciaenae from Argyrosomus hololepidotus from temperate Australian waters, are new host and geographic records for these monogeneans. A survey of some fishes from the Great Barrier Reef has revealed at least 15 undescribed species of benedeniines in addition to three species which have been described recently (B. lutjani, B. rohdei and Metabenedeniella parva). The few previous records for benedeniines from Australian fishes are probably the result of three factors. First, there have been relatively few careful studies of the external surfaces of fishes from Australia for monogeneans. Second, some benedeniines display a previously unsuspected specificity for particular external microhabitats on their hosts such as specific fins or sites previously unrecognized as microhabitats for monogeneans on the head of some species of fishes such as lip folds and branchiostegal membranes. Third, some benedeniines on the flanks and fins of some fish are extremely difficult to see because they are transparent and/or possess pigment spots throughout the body. Sometimes, benedeniines from colourful species of reef fish bear bright colours in their bodies. It is highly likely that these features serve as camouflage to conceal the parasites from predators such as cleaner organisms.

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