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PubMed2006

[Study on intelligent system of hyper-spectral data gathering based on wireless data communication technology in farm machinery].

In order to meet the needs of highly dense and overall farmland information gathering, wireless data communicating, and real-time processing in the precision agriculture, this system integrated GPS, GIS and RS based on the technology of computer and wireless data transmission. On the one hand, the system makes DGPS and Hyper-spectrograph integrated through the AT891v52 MCU, providing the accurate space position and realizing the integration of spectrum data acquisition and orientation. On the other hand, the system realizes the communication between the data gathering control system and the microcomputer by using the nRF905 system. Meanwhile the system has realized the visualized analysis and management of the spectrum data by integrating Visual Basic and Map-Objects into GIS, displaying real-time trace of moving point and some related attributes of the moving point in map layers, and calculating crop derivative spectra and crop vegetation index NDVI etc. Thus, sufficient information was provided for expert system and decision support system of precision agriculture.

English Abstract↗
PubMed2005

Continuous on-line monitoring of extracellular ascorbate depletion in the rat striatum induced by global ischemia with carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode integrated into a thin-layer radial flow cell.

This study describes a novel analytical system integrating in vivo microdialysis sampling with a radial thin-layer flow cell with a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)-modified glassy carbon electrode as working electrode for continuous and on-line monitoring of ascorbate depletion in the rat striatum induced by global ischemia. The SWNTs, especially those after vacuum heat treatment at 500 degrees C, are found to be able to enhance the electron-transfer kinetics of ascorbate oxidation at a low potential (ca. -50 mV) and possess a strong ability against electrode fouling. These properties essentially make it possible to determine ascorbate with a good stability and high selectivity against catecholamines and their metabolites and other electroactive species of physiological levels. While being integrated with in vivo microdialysis to assemble an on-line analytical system, the electrode is proved useful for continuous and sensitive monitoring of the basal dialysate level of ascorbate and its depletion in the rat striatum induced by global ischemia. The basal dialysate level of ascorbate is determined to be 5.0 +/- 0.5 microM (n = 5) and a 50 +/- 10% (n = 3) depletion is recorded for the basal ascorbate after 4 h of global ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Creating an integrated health care system: the health and human risk management model.

This article critiques the current health care system and presents a new conceptual model that offers the potential for an integrated health care system in the future. Health care currently consists of parallel care systems based on the competing conceptual frameworks of the medical model and the psychosocial model. It is argued that psychosocial factors must be included in an integrated system. Research literature is reviewed that documents the need for, the therapeutic effectiveness of, and the medical cost-offset benefits of mental and behavioral health interventions. The Health and Human Risk Management Model is described and illustrated with a case example as well as research outcomes from its implementation at United HealthCare Corporation.

Delivery of Health Care, Integrated↗
PubMed2001

Multiple alignment of complete sequences (MACS) in the post-genomic era.

Multiple alignment, since its introduction in the early seventies, has become a cornerstone of modern molecular biology. It has traditionally been used to deduce structure / function by homology, to detect conserved motifs and in phylogenetic studies. There has recently been some renewed interest in the development of multiple alignment techniques, with current opinion moving away from a single all-encompassing algorithm to iterative and / or co-operative strategies. The exploitation of multiple alignments in genome annotation projects represents a qualitative leap in the functional analysis process, opening the way to the study of the co-evolution of validated sets of proteins and to reliable phylogenomic analysis. However, the alignment of the highly complex proteins detected by today's advanced database search methods is a daunting task. In addition, with the explosion of the sequence databases and with the establishment of numerous specialized biological databases, multiple alignment programs must evolve if they are to successfully rise to the new challenges of the post-genomic era. The way forward is clearly an integrated system bringing together sequence data, knowledge-based systems and prediction methods with their inherent unreliability. The incorporation of such heterogeneous, often non-consistent, data will require major changes to the fundamental alignment algorithms used to date. Such an integrated multiple alignment system will provide an ideal workbench for the validation, propagation and presentation of this information in a format that is concise, clear and intuitive.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

GeneKeyDB: a lightweight, gene-centric, relational database to support data mining environments.

BACKGROUND: The analysis of biological data is greatly enhanced by existing or emerging databases. Most existing databases, with few exceptions are not designed to easily support large scale computational analysis, but rather offer exclusively a web interface to the resource. We have recognized the growing need for a database which can be used successfully as a backend to computational analysis tools and pipelines. Such database should be sufficiently versatile to allow easy system integration. RESULTS: GeneKeyDB is a gene-centered relational database developed to enhance data mining in biological data sets. The system provides an underlying data layer for computational analysis tools and visualization tools. GeneKeyDB relies primarily on existing database identifiers derived from community databases (NCBI, GO, Ensembl, et al.) as well as the known relationships among those identifiers. It is a lightweight, portable, and extensible platform for integration with computational tools and analysis environments. CONCLUSION: GeneKeyDB can enable analysis tools and users to manipulate the intersections, unions, and differences among different data sets.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1996

Design and implementation of a picture archiving and communication system: the second time.

This report describes the authors' experience in the design and implementation of two large scale picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) during the past 10 years. The first system, which is in daily clinical operation was developed at University of California, Los Angeles from 1983 to 1992. The second system, which continues evolving, has been in development at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) since 1992. The report highlights the differences between the two systems and points out the gradual change in the PACS design concept during the past 10 years from a closed architecture to an open hospital-integrated system. Both systems focus on system reliability and data integrity, with 24-hour on-line service and no loss of images. The major difference between the two systems is that the UCSF PACS infrastructure design is a completely open architecture and the system implementation uses more advanced technologies in computer software, digital communication, system interface, and stable industry standards. Such a PACS can withstand future technology changes without rendering the system obsolete, an essential criterion in any PACS design.

Diagnostic Imaging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Advanced practice nurses in integrated health care systems.

Changes in the health care delivery system are discussed with a view to those affecting the role and use of advanced practice nurses and particularly nurse practitioners who provide primary and reproductive care to women. Nurse practitioners are particularly well suited to function within integrated systems. They accomplish cost-containment strategies because of lower salaries or fees, fewer invasive procedures, greater compliance by patients, and increased nonpharmacologic treatments. They collaborate with all providers of primary care and enhance communication with patients. They develop clinical pathways for professionals and for patients and their families and support the use of guidelines and protocols to enhance standards of practice. It is suggested that women will become powerful consumers and that nurse practitioners are especially versed, not only in providing routine screening and episodic care, but also in teaching self-care, providing developmental and emotional support, and increasing compliance for health promotion and disease prevention. A high demand exists for education as an advanced practice nurse. Although many educational programs are moving to the master's degree, standardized educational levels are urged as a means for professionals and consumers to better understand advanced practice nursing roles. The need for nurse practitioners in the primary care market-place is demonstrated, but the system is in a state of flux, and the roles may not be used appropriately. Nurse practitioners should help to define new jobs and be assertive in negotiating for positions.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Integrated healthcare delivery systems: an overview for health information managers.

As integrated healthcare delivery systems stake their claims for the future, it is rapidly becoming the health information manager's duty to integrate and manage healthcare data. Read on for a general outlook on the changes surrounding integration activities, from new trends to integration's impact on the profession.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2004

Memory and addiction: shared neural circuitry and molecular mechanisms.

An important conceptual advance in the past decade has been the understanding that the process of drug addiction shares striking commonalities with neural plasticity associated with natural reward learning and memory. Basic mechanisms involving dopamine, glutamate, and their intracellular and genomic targets have been the focus of attention in this research area. These two neurotransmitter systems, widely distributed in many regions of cortex, limbic system, and basal ganglia, appear to play a key integrative role in motivation, learning, and memory, thus modulating adaptive behavior. However, many drugs of abuse exert their primary effects precisely on these pathways and are able to induce enduring cellular alterations in motivational networks, thus leading to maladaptive behaviors. Current theories and research on this topic are reviewed from an integrative systems perspective, with special emphasis on cellular, molecular, and behavioral aspects of dopamine D-1 and glutamate NMDA signaling, instrumental learning, and drug cue conditioning.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Sustainable stormwater management at Fornebu--from an airport to an industrial and residential area of the city of Oslo, Norway.

The Oslo Airport at Fornebu was closed in 1998 after 60 years of operation. An area of 3.1 km(2) was made available for one of Norway's biggest property development projects. Plans include 6000 residences and 20,000 workplaces. Fornebu is situated on a peninsula in the Oslo Fjord just outside the city of Oslo and is regarded as a very attractive area for both urbanisation and recreation. The residential area located centrally at Fornebu surrounds a centrally located park area. In the planning process, there was an expressed interest in using water as a life-giving element within the vegetation structure of the park. In Norway, stormwater in urban areas has traditionally been collected and transported in pipe systems to adjacent watercourses. However, there is an increasing interest in alternative "green" solutions for the management of stormwater. The paper presents a concept for sustainable stormwater management at Fornebu. A main objective is to improve the recreational and ecological value of stormwater while achieving a cost-effective solution. This objective is reached by replacing conventional urban drainage pipes with swales, filter strips, wetlands and ponds as collection, storage and treatment systems designed for natural processes. The paper thereby addresses integrated systems for stormwater management by approaching nature's way and sustainable development principles.

Aircraft↗
PubMed1986

Epistemology, family patterns, and psychosomatics: the case of obesity.

A family systems model of obesity is developed that attempts to integrate systems epistemology, Minuchin's work on psychosomatic disorders, and a review of the literature on obesity. The model presents obesity as being inextricably embedded in relationship patterns that fundamentally influence its etiology and maintenance. It is argued that the emergent properties of these relationships need to be the focus of analysis, rather than the elementary components residing within the individual, which are emphasized in traditional theories of obesity. The radical shift involved in moving from the traditional mechanistic models to a systems perspective is also discussed because these approaches are based on different epistemologies. The fundamental differences between these epistemologies are important and often underemphasized, which has led to much confusion in past research. Based on the model developed here and supportive data from the obesity literature, the conclusion is reached that obesity research and treatment are likely to be advanced by adopting a systemic approach.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Performance of the Celera Diagnostics ViroSeq HIV-1 Genotyping System for sequence-based analysis of diverse human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains.

The Celera Diagnostics ViroSeq HIV-1 Genotyping System is a Food and Drug Administration-cleared, integrated system for sequence-based analysis of drug resistance mutations in subtype B human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease and reverse transcriptase (RT). We evaluated the performance of this system for the analysis of diverse HIV-1 strains. Plasma samples were obtained from 126 individuals from Uganda, Cameroon, South Africa, Argentina, Brazil, and Thailand with viral loads ranging from 2.92 to >6.0 log(10) copies/ml. HIV-1 genotyping was performed with the ViroSeq system. HIV-1 subtyping was performed by using phylogenetic methods. PCR products suitable for sequencing were obtained for 125 (99%) of the 126 samples. Genotypes including protease (amino acids 1 to 99) and RT (amino acids 1 to 321) were obtained for 124 (98%) of the samples. Full bidirectional sequence data were obtained for 95 of those samples. The sequences were categorized into the following subtypes: A1/A2 (16 samples), B (12 samples), C (13 samples), D (11 samples), CRF01_AE (9 samples), F/F2 (9 samples), G (7 samples), CRF02_AG (32 samples), H (1 sample), and intersubtype recombinant (14 samples). The performances of the individual sequencing primers were examined. Genotyping of duplicate samples in a second laboratory was successful for 124 of the 126 samples. The identity level for the sequence data from two laboratories ranged from 98 to 100% (median, 99.8%). The ViroSeq system performs well for the analysis of plasma samples with diverse non-B subtypes. The availability of this genotyping system should facilitate studies of HIV-1 drug resistance in non-subtype B strains of HIV-1.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Cardiovascular physiology teaching: computer simulations vs. animal demonstrations.

The roots of physiology lie in laboratory observation, and physiology courses continue to rely on laboratory observation to provide students with practical information to correlate with their developing base of conceptual knowledge. To this end, animal laboratories provide a functioning example of interactions among organ systems and a source of data for student analysis. However, there are continuing objections to using animals for teaching, and animal labs are costly in time and effort. As an alternative laboratory tool, computer software can simulate the operation of multiple organ systems: responses to interventions illustrate intrinsic organ behavior and integrated systems physiology. Advantages of software over animal studies include alteration of variables that are not easily changed in vivo, repeated interventions, and cost-effective hands-on student access. Nevertheless, simulations miss intangible aspects of experimental physiology, and results depend critically on the assumptions of the model. We used both computer and animal demonstrations in teaching cardiovascular physiology to first-year medical students. The students rated both highly, but the computer-based session received a higher rating. We believe that both forms of teaching have educational merit. At the introductory level, the computer appears to provide an effective alternative.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Disorders of neural atrophy].

The original research data and current literature evidence on neural trophism and its impairment are summarised. The concepts of the regional neurotrophic system (neuron and glyocyte--innervated tissue--neuron), generalized trophic network in the central nervous system (neurons of the central nervous system and their various links through which the exchange of trophic substances is accomplished), and of the trophic system of the body (trophic interaction of the main integrating systems--nervous, endocrine, immune, and peripheral tissues) are formulated. Tissue neurodystrophy arises in deficient production or insufficient action of trophogenes secreted in the nervous system. The neurons and tissues that have undergone pathological changes can produce trophogenes which would induce pathological changes in other neurons on entering them. This kind of pathogenic substances are defined by the author as pathotrophogenes. An intracellular dystrophic process is brought about as a chain of standard reactions, the important role in its development being played by derangement of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Processes and challenges: how the Sri Lankan health system managed the integration of leprosy services.

At the end of 1999, the Ministry of Health in Sri Lanka took the bold decision to integrate its Leprosy Services within the country's general health system. The integration was completed in February 2001 and is already starting to bear fruit, but implementing the necessary changes has been a challenging task. Many new procedures had to be established, logistics improved, attitudes changed and health workers trained. A broad bridge between curative and preventative health services needed to be built. Integration efforts were supported by an advertising campaign to inform people that leprosy, like any other illness, can be treated at all health facilities. Contrary to the expectation that quality of service would drop following integration, more cases are now detected and an extensive network of government doctors is able to diagnose, treat and manage leprosy patients more efficiently. Prevalence has increased by 36% and the new case load by 41%. A few areas still need more attention, such as integrating MDT supplies within existing systems and improving the flow of information, but nonetheless the ownership of leprosy is shifting rapidly to local health services.

Delivery of Health Care, Integrated↗
PubMed1992

Computer systems and mechanical tools for stereotactically guided conformation therapy with linear accelerators.

An integrated system for fractionated, stereotactically guided conformation radiotherapy has been developed. The system components are a stereotactic fixation system that can be used each treatment day, a localization, and positioning unit that can be used during x-ray computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and radiographical examinations as well as for treatment. Conformal precision radiotherapy is planned with a new three-dimensional treatment planning system (Voxel-Plan-Heidelberg) which comprises, among others options, a three-dimensional image correlation procedure as well as routines for the calculation of coplanar and non-coplanar irradiations with irregularly shaped fields. Two different multi-leaf collimators have been designed for precision radiotherapy in the head and neck region. A manual multi-leaf collimator is used for irradiations with stationary beams or for moving beam treatments with invariable irregularly shaped fields. This collimator system is now being used for patient treatments. The design of a computer controlled multi-leaf collimator unit for multiple fixed field irradiation techniques is discussed. All system components are aimed at conforming dose distributions for fractionated radiotherapy treatments to the target to improve sparing of adjacent normal tissues, and at achieving a sufficient geometrical accuracy in the dose application.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed2004

The Indiana network for patient care: an integrated clinical information system informed by over thirty years of experience.

Presented in this article is the Indiana Network for Patient Care, an integrated citywide medical record system that promotes health quality by enabling efficient access to clinical information. It begins with a description of the system's infrastructure, which includes an explanation of how the system accomplishes data integration. This is followed by a series of descriptions and rationales behind the many clinical applications that interface these data. In doing so, some of the factors that we feel contribute to the success of the system are illustrated.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed2006

Energy, charge, and spin transport in molecules and self-assembled nanostructures inspired by photosynthesis.

Electron transfer in biological molecules provides both insight and inspiration for developing chemical systems having similar functionality. Photosynthesis is an example of an integrated system in which light harvesting, photoinduced charge separation, and catalysis combine to carry out two thermodynamically demanding processes, the oxidation of water and the reduction of carbon dioxide. The development of artificial photosynthetic systems for solar energy conversion requires a fundamental understanding of electron-transfer reactions between organic molecules. Since these reactions most often involve single-electron transfers, the spin dynamics of photogenerated radical ion pairs provide important information on how the rates and efficiencies of these reactions depend on molecular structure. Given this knowledge, the design and synthesis of large integrated structures to carry out artificial photosynthesis is moving forward. An important approach to achieving this goal is the development of small, functional building blocks, having a minimum number of covalent bonds, which also have the appropriate molecular recognition sites to facilitate self-assembly into a complete, functional artificial photosynthetic system.

Carbon Dioxide↗