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At least 1,765 records · Page 98Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Perspective of facial esthetics in dental treatment planning.

Enhancement of facial beauty is one of the primary elective goals of patients seeking dental care. The lower one third of the face has a major impact on the perception of facial esthetics. Frequently improvements in natural beauty can be expected to follow restoration of ideal relationships between the denture and the facial soft tissues. By improving deficient facial proportion and integumental form, surgeons, orthodontists, and restorative dentists have the unique opportunity to address these esthetic needs. Comprehensive evaluation that relates the facial soft tissues to underlying skeletal form provides this possibility. Fundamental relationships exist that allow correlation of deficiencies in facial form to existing dentoalveolar anatomy. Classical evaluation of mounted casts and occlusal analysis does not offer this insight.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1998

Brain potentials reveal the timing of face identity and expression judgments.

Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded from multiple scalp locations from young human subjects while they performed two different face processing tasks. The first task entailed the presentation of pairs of faces in which the second face was either a different view of the first face or a different view of a different face. The subjects had to decide whether or not the two faces depicted the same person. In the second task, pairs of faces (frontal views) were presented with the task of judging whether the expression of the second face matched that of the face. Incongruous faces in the view (identity) matching task gave rise to a negativity peaking at about 350 ms with a frontocentral maximum. This effect was similar to the N400 obtained in linguistic tasks. ERP effects in the expression matching task were much later and had a different distribution. This pattern of results corresponds well with neuropsychological and neuroimaging data suggesting specialized neuronal populations subserving identity and expression analysis but adds a temporal dimension to previous investigations.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Topical protection against long-wave ultraviolet A.

A PABA ester-oxybenzone preparation is superior to PABA or sulisobenzone alone in protecting the skin from methoxsalen-induced ultraviolet A (UVA) phototoxicity after water substantivity challenge. Such a mixture would be useful as a UVA screen for uninvolved or actinically damaged skin in patients receiving psoralens and ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy. An effective topical UVA screen also may protect against UVA-induced diseases like solar urticaria, polymorphic light eruptions, drug-induced phototoxicity or photoallergy, and possibly against the deep degenerative changes of solar elastosis.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1985

Intralesional interferon in the treatment of early mycosis fungoides.

Twelve patients with early mycosis fungoides were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Isolated plaques were injected three times a week with recombinant alpha 2-interferon in nine patients and with the vehicle in three patients. Two additional plaques were evaluated in each patient; one was left untreated, and another was treated topically with either placebo ointment or betamethasone ointment. Biopsies were taken from an untreated, representative plaque prior to treatment and from all test sites following treatment for light microscopy and T lymphocyte subsets. Three of the nine lesions injected with interferon cleared, and all showed improvement. Thirteen of eighteen noninjected lesions improved in patients who received interferon, showing a systemic effect. In the control group, none of the injected lesions improved and only two of the noninjected lesions showed any change. Histopathologic changes confirmed the clinical impression. This study shows that intralesional interferon may be given safely and has a beneficial effect, both locally and systemically.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Acute alcohol withdrawal complicated by supraventricular tachycardia: treatment with intravenous propranolol.

A case of severe alcohol withdrawal complicated by seizures, hallucinosis, hypertension, and supraventricular tachycardia is presented. When the patient showed no response to intravenous diazepam (total, 70 mg over 30 minutes) three 0.5-mg increments of propranolol were administered intravenously, resulting in immediate conversion to sinus rhythm and reduction of blood pressure from 210/130 mm Hg to 130/80 mm Hg. The use of intravenous propranolol as an adjunct to standard therapy in the alcohol withdrawal syndrome is discussed.

Diazepam↗
PubMed2003

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphism and susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes.

BACKGROUND: The T allele of the C677T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene is associated with elevated plasma homocysteine levels, and it has been postulated to be a risk factor for the development of diabetic nephropathy. We examined this hypothesis in both a case-control and a follow-up study in individuals with type 1 diabetes. METHODS: In the case-control study, the control group included 310 subjects with normoalbuminuria and diabetes duration of 15 years or greater, and the case group included 88 prevalent cases with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The follow-up study included 235 subjects with overt proteinuria followed up for 6 years (on average), during which time ESRD developed in 69 subjects. DNA from each individual was genotyped for the C677T MTHFR polymorphism. RESULTS: The frequency of TT homozygotes did not vary significantly among the four groups: 10% in controls, 15% in prevalent cases of ESRD, 13% in cases with new-onset ESRD, and 11% in those who remained proteinuric during follow-up (P = 0.9, 6 df). Similarly, frequency of the T allele varied little among the same groups (range, 33% to 36%; P = 0.9, 3 df) During follow-up, 52 of 323 individuals with diabetic nephropathy died. Total mortality rates were 4.3/100 person-years in TT homozygotes, 2.4/100 person-years in CT heterozygotes, and 3.0/100 person-years in CC homozygotes (P = 0.55, 2 df). CONCLUSION: Using both a large case-control and a follow-up study, we found no evidence that the C677T MTHFR polymorphism has a significant role in the development of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Relationship of malocclusion severity and treatment fee to consumer's expectation of treatment outcome.

Understanding consumer expectations is important if orthodontists are to be successful in marketing their elective services. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between consumer outcome expectations and treatment variables, including cost of treatment and malocclusion severity. The subjects were parents of patients recruited from 9 private orthodontic practices in southwestern Pennsylvania who were entering a single comprehensive phase of orthodontic treatment, characterized by a full fee and complete fixed appliances. The parents completed a questionnaire regarding outcome expectations for their child's orthodontic treatment. Pretreatment orthodontic study models of each child were evaluated with the peer assessment rating. The results of this study suggest that orthodontic consumers have very high outcome expectations. Also, the parents of patients with severe overall malocclusions, overjet, or midline deviations have expectations that exceed probable treatment outcomes. Orthodontists should consider that consumers seeking their services have increased expectations not related to the treatment outcomes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Mixed dentition case report.

Malocclusions can be successfully corrected by phase I mixed dentition therapy and significantly reduce the need for comprehensive orthodontic treatment in the permanent dentition. Phase I orthodontic treatment is designed to correct the skeletal and dental malocclusions at an early age with 12 to 18 months of treatment. After phase I treatment, there is a supervision phase of typically 18 to 30 months to hold the correction achieved and to supervise the eruption of the remaining permanent teeth. Good management during the supervision phase is key to maintaining the phase I result and to minimizing phase II treatment. If a second phase of orthodontic treatment is required, treatment time is usually limited to 6 to 18 months, depending on the malocclusion and growth pattern. In this case, full banded treatment and maxillary intrusion surgery was not recommended because of the excellent early treatment result. Reduction of vertical anterior maxillary excess can be successfully achieved with early mixed dentition treatment and remain stable during the supervision phase of treatment. At the University of the Pacific, mixed dentition treatment is an integral part of the graduate program in orthodontics. This patient had a severe skeletal ANB angle discrepancy of 8 degrees, a vertical growth pattern, and 8 mm of overjet. She was considered an excellent candidate for phase I treatment to reduce the severity of the problem. It is our philosophy to take advantage of the growth potential in a patient by initiating phase I treatment between the ages of 7 and 9 years, depending on the eruption of the permanent first molars and incisors and the severity of the malocclusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Esthetics: the orthodontic-periodontic restorative connection.

As we complete the 20th and progress into the 21st century, orthodontists worldwide are experiencing a gradual but significant change in their practices. The number of adult patients has increased substantially. Although adults cooperate better than adolescents, they present a different set of challenges for the orthodontist. Adults may have worn or abraded teeth, uneven gingival margins, missing papillae, and periodontal bone loss, all of which can jeopardize the esthetic appearance of the teeth after bracket removal. This article will discuss the solutions for managing these challenging orthodontic-periodontic-restorative situations to produce a more ideal esthetic result.

Adolescent↗