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At least 1,765 records · Page 98Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Community asthma education program for parents of urban asthmatic children.

OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the effectiveness of community asthma education provided by peers in the urban community. METHOD: A convenience sample of 267 self-referred, primarily African-American parents or primary caregivers of asthmatic children aged 18 months to 16 years completed a five-session education program. Program efficacy was evaluated at baseline, immediately postinstruction, and at three-, six-, and 12 months retention. Outcomes included three questionnaires measuring asthma self-management knowledge, control and quality of life. RESULTS: Immediately following program completion, participants demonstrated improvements in asthma knowledge (13% increased proportion correct, p < 0.01), ability to control their child's asthma 16% increased score, p < 0.01), and asthma quality of life (7% increased score, p < 0.01). Retention of knowledge with steady improvement of control and quality of life was observed up to one year postinstruction, as compared with immediate postprogram scores (p = 0.09 and 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: A community-based asthma educational program for caregivers should be an important component of childhood asthma management. The complexities of asthma management are best taught in educational programs that are easily accessible, provide a comfortable environment for participants, and are taught by peers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Cancer in south Louisiana. Part III: Cancers of the breast and the reproductive system.

Cancers of the breast and reproductive system are less common in South Louisiana than other parts of the nation. The only exception is invasive cervical cancer. Incidence rates for breast cancer in South Louisiana women are 20% lower than the SEER combined rates, and rates for cancer of the uterine corpus and the ovary among white women are 43% and 32% lower respectively than the SEER averages. South Louisiana men also have risks 14% (whites) and 30% (blacks) less than the national of developing prostatic cancer. These significantly low rates are observed for all regions in South Louisiana. The reasons for the low rates are not clearly understood. Possible explanations include: less frequent use of cancer screening tests, high prevalence of hysterectomy, lower risk exposures, and host/genetic factors. The low incidence rates for these cancers are not accompanied by more favorable mortality outcomes, suggesting a poorer survival among Louisiana cancer patients partially due to late stage disease at the time of diagnosis and treatment. Programs to increase the accessibility of cancer screening tests and improve early detection are greatly needed.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2006

Blood pressure survey in two communities in the Volta region, Ghana, West Africa.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of hypertension appears to be increasing in the developing world. A study published in 2003 showed a crude prevalence of 28.3% in the capital city of Accra, Ghana. The prevalence of hypertension in many rural areas of the developing world is not known. OBJECTIVES: 1) To survey two rural populations for hypertension; 2) to identify factors that may be associated with hypertension; 3) to assess the level of control of hypertension. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: 287 volunteers surveyed during market day in two villages in the Volta region of Ghana. Blood pressures were obtained after obtaining demographic and historical information. All individuals age > or = 17 were included in the analysis. Hypertension was defined as a blood pressure > or = 140/90 mm Hg on two separate occasions. RESULTS: The prevalence of hypertension in the populations surveyed was 32.8%. Factors associated with hypertension that reached statistical significance (P<.05) included family history of hypertension, consumption of akpeteshie, location of blood pressure assessment, and consumption of non-smoked fish (inverse association). More than 80% of those with a history of hypertension had an elevated blood pressure at the time of screening. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of hypertension in the rural populations surveyed is higher when compared to true prevalence studies and is most likely due, in part, to selection biases. The low hypertension control rates identified in people with a history of hypertension would need to be considered when determining whether to expand hypertension screening programs or to improve access to treatment for those with known hypertension in these resource-limited areas.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Drawing the alcoholic out of his isolation].

Alcohol is by far the most frequent addiction across industrial countries. Associated with unrest, rejection and other negative counter-attitudes, alcohol dependence often confines the patient to isolation. The objective of this article is to describe potential obstacles to access to health care, the strategies enabling this access and finally different programs and therapeutic modalities of a long-term treatment. This article focuses on these issues in term of level of intervention.

Alcoholism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An uncommon international venture.

A collaboration involving Franciscan religious communities in the United States and Cameroon, Africa, demonstrates that a spirit of mutuality and cross-cultural understanding can develop among partners in aid projects. Three United States-based communities of Franciscan women religious developed the "Common Venture" project as a way to celebrate their common history while undertaking systemic change. Wanting to have an international impact, they developed a relationship almost a decade ago with the Tertiary Sisters of St. Francis in Cameroon. The result was a collaborative project through which the sisters sought to discover the deeper meaning of their vocation and their community membership; seek resources to further the Cameroon ministry; and identify organizations to support their work. Much has been accomplished in the ensuing nine years. This Common Venture effort has inspired a "minor revolution" in aid efforts in Cameroon and beyond. It has brought education and training programs, improved health care access, supplies and medicine, medical volunteers, and other improvements to this African community. And the U.S. partners also have benefited, gaining great satisfaction from helping people in need develop long-term solutions to problems.

Cameroon↗
PubMed2006

The weight of evidence: a method for assessing the strength of evidence on the effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions among young people.

OBJECTIVES: To design a method for assessing the strength of evidence on the effectiveness of different interventions to prevent the spread of HIV that will be the basis for the reviews in this series. METHODS: The literature on the evaluation of public health interventions was reviewed, and a method was developed in consultation with colleagues involved in this series of reviews and others. FINDINGS: The method involves the following steps. First, define the key types of intervention that policy-makers need to choose between in the population setting under consideration. Second, define the strength of evidence that would be needed to justify widespread implementation of the intervention. Third, develop explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria for the studies under review. Fourth, critically review all eligible studies and their findings, by intervention type. Fifth, summarize the strength of the evidence on the effectiveness of each type of intervention. Sixth, compare the strength of the evidence provided by the studies against the threshold of evidence that would be needed to recommend widespread implementation. Seventh, from this comparison, derive evidence-based recommendations related to the implementation of each type of intervention in the setting or population group. CONCLUSIONS: The method proposed here provides a systematic, rigorous and transparent approach to reviewing evidence on the effectiveness of interventions of different types and in different population settings in order to generate recommendations for policy-makers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

An ambulatory approach to self-care of diabetes.

Managing the insulin-requiring diabetic patient in an ambulatory setting includes metabolic regulation of the diabetes and education in its self-care. Means of achieving these goals include structured group or one-on-one individualized sessions. Third party policies relating to ambulatory care are challenged and their need for fiscal support emphasized. During the coming decade, diabetic patients should 1) have access to ambulatory care programs for metabolic regulation and education in self-care, 2) expect third party support of these programs, and 3) heighten their own priorities on diabetes care to ensure quality management of their diabetes.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1991

Hospitals voice concerns over details of rural network plan.

In a broad new effort to stimulate rural hospital care delivery, the Health Care Financing Administration is funding demonstration projects that could "grow" health care networks in remote areas. But providers are cautious about participating in the Essential Access Community Hospital (EACH) program until final rules are published.

Health Planning Support↗
PubMed1990

[Simultaneous determination of the GRF and the ERPF (effective renal plasma flow) using a single blood sample in the slope clearance with 99mTc-DTPA and I 131-hippurate].

In patients with various indications to renal split function diagnostics the plasma slope clearance of the Tc99m-DTPA and J131-Hippurate to the estimation of GFR and ERPF were performed with two or three blood samples in the monocompartment model (1 KM). In comparison these functional parameters were calculated on the basis of the only least blood sample (single-point procedure--EPV). The results of linear regression GFR (1 KM) = 12.7 + 0.978 * GFR (EPV), r = 0.986, N = 102 or ERPF (1 KM) = 22 + 1.13 * ERPF (EPV), r = 0.889, N = 68 may recommend the use as patient-safe procedure especially in poor venous access. Two short BASIC programs for estimation of GFR and ERPF are presented and the error ranges discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Grateful Med: getting started.

When a local medical library is not available, it is often necessary for physicians to discover alternate ways to receive medical information. Rural physicians, particularly, can make use of a computer program called Grateful Med that provides access to the same literature available to physicians in large cities. This program permits the user to perform database searches on the National Library of Medicine database (MEDLINE), corresponding to the primary index to medical literature, Index Medicus. In this article, we give the procedure for procuring a National Library of Medicine password and for making efficient use of the Grateful Med program.

Computer User Training↗