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At least 1,765 records · Page 98Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Development of ossification centres in the squamous portion of the occipital bone in man.

The development of ossification centres in the squamous portion of the human occipital bone is described on the basis of anomalies observed in a large series of skulls. The interparietal part develops from three pairs of centres in membrane--one pair for the lateral plates, one pair for the central piece, and the third pair representing the pre-interparietals. The supraoccipital part develops from five centres in cartilage--two centres for each lateral segment and a single centre for the central segment. The supraoccipital part extends from the posterior margin of the posterior condylar fossae to about 2 cm above the external occipital protuberance and about 0.4 cm above the superior nuchal line near the lambdoid suture.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1982

[Process of mandibular ossification in mice and evolutionary morphology (experimental study by means of vital staining)].

The injection in vivo of red alizarin S. in young mice during the post-natal period, enabled to show the mechanisms that were modeling the mandible during its development (by apposition-resorption). So it was possible to study : the processes of ossification involved in the eruption of the teeth, the modifications of the bony relief and the alterations of the mandibular angle. It has been attempted to find the links between these phenomena and muscular excitation, function and behaviour. The study of the osseous - muscular - mandibular anatomical set provided a good example of the principle described in Evolutionary morphology: "The comparatively free evolution of the elements in the anatomical set that they constitute (Sakka, 1973)."

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Transitions in collagen types during endochondral ossification in human growth cartilage.

Immunohistochemical staining for Types I and II collagen in human growth cartilage showed that cartilage matrix consists of Type II collagen, whereas bone matrix contains Type I collagen. Endochondral ossification began with the deposition of Type I collagen by cells derived from bone marrow on the surface of the eroded cartilage. However, territorial matrix of the last hypertrophic chondrocytes contained both Types I and II collagen, thereby indicating that the degenerating chondrocytes initiate the synthesis of Type I collagen. This matrix, consisting of Types I and II collagen, is then replaced by newly formed osteoid.

Bone Development↗
PubMed1984

Congenital hyperostosis in piglets: a consequence of a disorganization of the perichondrial ossification groove of Ranvier.

The combination of histopathological and microradiographic examination and fluorescence microscopy was used to study the pathophysiology of the thick leg syndrome of the piglet. The genesis and evolution of the lesions in radioulnar hyperostosis may be the result of an initial lesion situated at the anchorage site of the periosteum to the epiphysis at the level of the perichondrial ossification groove of Ranvier. In this way, a true separation appears, which in turn could be the cause of the fine supernumerary trabeculae of woven bone. The sequence of appearance of the lesions is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Assessment of skeletal age in the first year of life on basis of the caput humeri ossification centres.

A new procedure has been worked out to estimate skeletal maturity in infancy. The size of the caput humeri ossification centres was determined with the help of a pattern set from the antero-posterior chest roentgenogram. In each month of the first year of life 100 examinations were carried out and from their data percentile lines were constructed for every month of life.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗
PubMed1983

[Disorders of calcium metabolism and ossification caused by anticonvulsants].

Disturbances of Calcium-metabolism and of ossification are well known and well documented side-effects of anticonvulsant drugs since the first description in 1967. Elevated alkaline phosphatase and hypocalcemia till generalised osteoporosis and vitamin-D-sensitive rickets can be seen. The primary cause of these dose-related disturbances is an accelerated elimination of vitamin D because of induction of microsomal enzymes in the liver by anticonvulsant drugs; a suboptimal vitamin-D-intake and reduced sunlight exposure in institutionalised patients are often combined causative factors. In all patients treated with anticonvulsant drugs a sufficient supplementation with vitamin D is necessary.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

Organization and cellular biology of the perichondrial ossification groove of ranvier: a morphological study in rabbits.

The perichondrial ossification groove of Ranvier, a circumferential groove in the periphery of the epiphyseal cartilage, was studied in rabbits whose ages ranged from one week to eight months using light and electron microscopy, autoradiography after labeling with 3H-thymidine, 3H-proline, and 3H-glucosamine, and histochemical staining for proteoglycans and alkaline phosphatase. By these methods, three groups of cells were identified within the groove: 1. A group of densely packed cells deep in the groove, which are the progenitor cells for the osteoblasts that form the bone bark, a cuff of bone surrounding the epiphyseal growth-plate region and the adjacent part of the metaphysis. 2. A group of more widely dispersed, relatively undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and fibroblasts, some of which are chondroblast precursors that probably contribute to appositional chondrogenesis and growth in width of the epiphyseal cartilage. 3. Fibroblasts and fibrocytes among sheets of highly oriented and organized collagen fibers which form a fibrous layer that is continuous with the outer fibrous layer of the periosteum and with the perichondrium. This layer also sends fibers into the epiphyseal cartilage and anchors the periosteum firmly to the epiphyses as bone growth proceeds.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Estimation of age from skeletal material based on the degree of thyroid cartilage ossification].

Bone material estimation of an individual's age can in some cases be made by taking advantage of the degree and progression of thyroid cartilage ossification so long as the cartilage has remained preserved. X-ray pictures are taken to asertain the extent of the ossified parts of the thyroid cartilage to be compared with the proposed schema (Fig. 2). The estimated age is than charged with the value of the respective mean error of estimation (Tab. 1.). The method is simple and has stood the test of practice both in paleoanthropology and in forensic medicine to become another technique of estimating the age of unknown skeletal remains or unknown, particularly decomposed bodies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

A re-investigation of the centres of ossification in the avian skeleton at and after hatching.

The centres of ossification occurring in the skeleton of the domestic fowl from hatching onwards have been re-investigated in groups of birds from the same hatches, reared under standardised conditions and sampled at intervals from hatching to 182 days. Selected areas have been surveyed in adult birds. The numerous centres which are already present at hatching have been identified. Those first appearing around the time of hatching were for the uncinate processes and the phalanx of digit IV. The centres appearing after hatching were those for metacarpal II, four carpal centres, the orbitosphenoid, rostal and caudal basibranchials, epibranchials, entoglossal, proximal tibial centre, patella and tarsal sesamoid. These have been illustrated and the mean time of appearance and range of time of appearance of each calculated. Some evidence of slight variation in sequence of appearance was detected. The proximal tibial centre was concluded to be the only true secondary centre in the long bones and to correspond to the traction epiphysis of this region in the mammal. In adults, the phalangeal formula of the manus was found usually to be 2:2:1, but occasionally it was reduced to 1:2:1. The only sesamoidean centre found, other than the patella and the tarsal sesamoid, was in the carpal region and was termed the dorsal carpal sesamoid. Some of the many controversies existing in the previous literature have been assessed in the light of the findings of this study.

Aging↗
PubMed1995

Surgical treatment for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine.

The results of surgical management of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the cervical spine consisting of either anterior or posterior surgical decompression of the spinal cord and/or nerve roots were evaluated in 75 patients. The OPLL was continuous (COPLL) in 37 patients, segmental (SOPLL) in 29, mixed COPLL and SOPLL (MOPLL) in five, and circumscribed disk type (DOPLL) in four. Fourteen of the patients with COPLL, 27 with SOPLL, three with MOPLL, and all four with DOPLL were treated via the anterior approach with vertebrectomy and discectomy with anterior fusion. The remaining patients were treated by posterior laminoplasty or laminectomy. The overall mean improvement in the neurosurgical cervical spine scale (NCSS) score after surgery was 78.0% in those treated with anterior decompression and 46.1% in those treated with posterior decompression. The NCSS score in the latter group decreased during the follow-up period, from 10.4 to 9.7 points, whereas that in the anterior decompression group increased, from 12.9 to 13.0.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Immunolocalization of complement C1s and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (92kDa gelatinase/type IV collagenase) in the primary ossification center of the human femur.

The first component of complement C1s has been shown to degrade type I and type II collagens (Yamaguchi et al. 1990), the latter of which is a major constituent of the cartilage matrix. In order to understand the physiological roles of C1s in cartilage resorption, the expression of C1s was examined by immunohistochemistry in the primary ossification center where the matrix is removed and replaced by bone marrow. Hypertrophic chondrocytes, endothelium and hematogenous elements in the capillary buds were intensely stained by a monoclonal antibody against C1s. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9, 92kDa gelatinase/type IV collagenase) was also immunolocalized in hypertrophic chondrocytes, mesenchymal cells in the primitive bone marrow and the cartilage matrix adjacent to the marrow. In addition, C1s was found to activate the zymogen of MMP-9. These observations suggest that C1s and MMP-9 coordinately participate in matrix degradation in cartilage.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1993

Abnormal ossification of the hyoid bone in cleidocranial dysplasia.

Radiographs of the hyoid region of 13 patients with cleidocranial dysplasia were reviewed. In all but one the hyoid bone was less ossified than normal. Delayed ossification, affecting the skull, the teeth, the pelvis and the extremities, is a known, frequent manifestation of this abnormality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Expression and role of c-myc in chondrocytes undergoing endochondral ossification.

To analyze the relationship between c-myc gene expression and chondrocyte proliferation and maturation during endochondral ossification, Day 18-19 chick embryo sterna were pulse-labeled with [3H]thymidine, and serial sections were processed for autoradiography and in situ hybridization. Proliferating chondrocytes, located in four distinct areas of the developing sternum, all contained high levels of c-myc transcripts, whereas postmitotic chondrocytes (such as hypertrophic chondrocytes) contained undetectable amounts. These findings were confirmed by Northern blot analysis and by the observation that antisense c-myc oligomer treatment inhibited proliferation in cultured chondrocytes. Constitutive overexpression of c-myc by retroviral vectors in immature chondrocyte cultures (c-myc cultures) maintained the cells in a proliferative state and blocked their maturation into hypertrophic chondrocytes. The lack of maturation in the c-myc cultures was corroborated by analysis of type X collagen gene regulation. Control immature cultures contained strong repressor activity for the type X collagen gene promoter, as revealed by transfection assays; repressor activity was lost upon maturation and activation of type X collagen synthesis. In the c-myc cultures, however, repressor activity persisted. Thus, c-myc participates in the normal changes in proliferation accompanying chondrocyte maturation in vivo and in culture. The decreases in c-myc expression and cell proliferation appear to be required for completion of maturation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The histopathology of injury to the accessory malleolar ossification center.

The evaluation of a traumatic lower limb amputation specimen revealed an incomplete fracture between the main and accessory malleolar ossification centers. This was not associated with extensive subperiosteal or intraarticular bleeding. This pattern of injury, without any displacement or completion to an unstable fracture, should be considered in a patient with specific tenderness over a malleolus after a twisting injury or direct blow to the ankle.

Amputation, Traumatic↗
PubMed1997

Ossification of the sesamoid bone at the base of the first finger in Czech boys and girls.

Ossification of the sesamoid bone of the first finger was studied in left hand-and-wrist X-rays of 296 Czech boys and 272 girls 9 to 15 years old using data collected between 1962 and 1966. The logit and the YES or NO methods were used in treating the data. A sesamoid bone, clearly visible to the naked eye, was considered as positive and when it was not yet visible, as negative. The sesamoid bone was developed in 50 per cent of boys at the age of 13.6 years and in 50 per cent of girls at the age of 11.2 years. This stage preceded the age at onset of menarche in Czech girls by 1.9 years. Boys showed a greater variability (SD = 1.4) than girls (SD = 0.8). Both sexes with clearly visible (ossified) sesamoid bones in their first fingers showed to be, on the average, taller and heavier in comparison with the Czech standard and with those boys and girls of corresponding ages without the sesamoid bone. In contrast to the still continuing secular trend in stature in Czech youths, the age of menarche remained in the last cca 30 years unchanged. In view of the close link between bone age and onset of menarche which remained unchanged for the past 30 years, we may consider our finding as still applicable to present-day adolescents.

Adolescent↗