Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Nutrition Programs”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,765 records · Page 98Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

A WHO collaborative study on iron supplementation in Burma and in Thailand.

Studies on the treatment and prevention of iron deficiency anemia, in pregnant and nonpregnant women and in men, were conducted in Thailand and Burma. The effects of the dose of Fe, duration of Fe administration, additional supplementation with folate, mode of supplement delivery (either supervised or unsupervised), and the presence of Hb(AE) were studied. The frequency and severity of side effects were also recorded. Fe administration resulted in an increase in hemoglobin concentration in all anemic individuals but approximately 20% failed to reach normality. The length of administration and the dose influenced the results. Frequency and severity of side effects increased with the dose of Fe administered. Folate supplementation did not affect the results. It appears possible to integrate a program of prevention and treatment of Fe deficiency anemia in a primary health-care system but the constraints and limitations of achievable results should be recognized.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Integrated management of childhood illness: a summary of first experiences.

The strategy of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) aims to reduce child mortality and morbidity in developing countries by combining improved management of common childhood illnesses with proper nutrition and immunization. The strategy includes interventions to improve the skills of health workers, the health system, and family and community practices. This article describes the experience of the first countries to adopt and implement the IMCI interventions, the clinical guidelines dealing with the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children, and the training package on these guidelines for health workers in first-level health facilities. The most relevant lessons learned and how these lessons have served as a basis for developing a broader IMCI strategy are described.

Child↗
PubMed2001

Change in women's diet and body mass following intensive intervention for early-stage breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of an intensive dietary intervention on diet and body mass in women with breast cancer. DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. SUBJECTS: 172 women aged 20 to 65 years with stage I or II breast cancer. INTERVENTION: A 15-session, mainly group-based and dietitian-led nutrition education program (NEP) was compared to a mindfulness-based stress reduction clinic program (SRC); or usual supportive care (UC). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Dietary fat, complex carbohydrates, fiber, and body mass were measured. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: In addition to descriptive statistics, analysis of variance was conducted to test for differences according to intervention group. RESULTS: Of the 157 women with complete dietary data at baseline, 149 had complete data immediately postintervention (at 4 months) and 146 had complete data at 1 year. Women randomized to NEP (n = 50) experienced a large reduction in fat consumption (5.8% of energy as fat) at 4 months and much of this reduction was preserved at 1 year (4.1% of energy) (both P < .0002) vs no change in either SRC (n = 51) or UC (n = 56). A 1.3-kg reduction in body mass was evident at 4 months in the NEP group (P = .003) vs no change in the SRC and UC groups. Women who had higher-than-average expectations of a beneficial effect of the intervention experienced larger changes. APPLICATIONS: Dietitians' use of group nutrition interventions appear to be warranted. Increasing their effectiveness and maintaining high levels of adherence may require additional support, including the involvement of significant others, periodic individual meetings, or group booster sessions.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Nutritional content of foods advertised during the television programs children watch most.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to code food (nutritional content and food type and eating occasion) and character (cartoon and live action) attributes of food advertisements airing during television programs heavily viewed by children, and to represent and evaluate the nutritional content of advertised foods in terms of the nutrition facts label. METHODS: Food advertisements (n=426) aimed at general and child audiences were coded for food and character attributes. "Nutrition Facts" label data for advertised foods (n=275) were then analyzed. RESULTS: Convenience/fast foods and sweets comprised 83% of advertised foods. Snacktime eating was depicted more often than breakfast, lunch, and dinner combined. Apparent character body size was unrelated to eating behavior. A 2000-calorie diet of foods in the general-audience advertisements would exceed recommended daily values (RDVs) of total fat, saturated fat, and sodium. A similar diet of foods in the child-audience advertisements would exceed the sodium RDV and provide 171 g (nearly 1 cup) of added sugar. CONCLUSIONS: Snack, convenience, and fast foods and sweets continue to dominate food advertisements viewed by children. Advertised foods exceed RDVs of fat, saturated fat, and sodium, yet fail to provide RDVs of fiber and certain vitamins and minerals.

Advertising↗
PubMed2003

Complications of home parenteral nutrition in a large pediatric series.

When adequate nutrition cannot be provided by enteral route as a consequence of failure of intestinal functions, parenteral nutrition (PN) become the only way to maintain adequate nutrition; however, prolonged periods of PN can lead to severe complications. Furthermore, long hospital admissions for this form of nutrition can be detrimental for the child and the family. In the past 20 years, home parenteral nutrition (HPN) programs have been developed. The aim of our study was to retrospectively evaluate the kind and the frequency of complications in a HPN pediatric case series. We had 61 patients on HPN. Total duration of the program was 27,740 days (76 total years, mean 1.2 years per patient). We observed a total of 58 complications; mean 0.79 per patient per year with a prevalence of central venous catheter-related complications (mechanical, 52%; infective, 26%). We had a very low incidence of metabolic complications (3%) and a low incidence of PN-related hepatic complications (19%). None of the complications described was the cause of death. Half of our patients have been able to stop the program. We had a low incidence (0.20 per patient per year) of septic episodes, lower than we had in patients on hospital PN in the same period (0.38 per patient per year). We had to replace 20 catheters, 18 of them for mechanical problems. Our study shows that HPN still can be a valid alternative to small intestinal transplantation in patients affected by intestinal failure and that only patients with PN-related liver disease must be considered early candidates for combined liver-small bowel transplant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Impact of providing milk options and nutrient information in school lunch progams.

The impact of offering junior and senior high school students a choice of whole, skim, and low-fat milk within the Type A lunch pattern, with and without providing nutritional information at point of purchase, was investigated. When such an option was offered, approximately 13 per cent of the students chose either skim or low-fat milk. When nutritional information was made available concurrently, this percentage increased to 20, with more than 80 per cent of those students choosing low-fat milk. The older students used the options significantly more frequently than did the junior high students. Waste of skim milk, the taste of which was described as watery, was greater than that of the other types of milk. Although most students chose the type of milk they had at home, 16 per cent indicated that their choice was influenced by information on the fat and caloric content of milks provided by posters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Alternate lunch patterns in high schools. IV. Nutritive value.

The nutritive value of lunches in forty-eight high schools was assessed using alternate methods of menu planning. Using Type A, Basic 4, and free-choice patterns, the nutrient levels in lunches consumed were not significantly different from those of lunches using the Type A "offer vs. serve" pattern. For boys, lunches as consumed were significantly below the goals for calories, thiamin, and iron in all groups. For girls, lunches as consumed were significantly below the goal only for iron.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Comparative validation of a bilingual interactive multimedia dietary assessment tool.

OBJECTIVE: To perform comparative validity testing for a bilingual interactive multimedia (IMM) dietary assessment tool that mimics a dietary recall against an interview-administered dietary recall. DESIGN: This was a two-period crossover design study. First, participants were randomly assigned to complete an IMM recall or interview-administered 24-hour recall. The IMM recall generated a nutrient profile that included 20 dietary constituents. The interview-administered recall was analyzed using the Food Intake Analysis System (FIAS) and the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) Evaluating/Reporting System. The effect of substituting standardized portion sizes for reported portion sizes was examined. SUBJECTS/SETTING: Of 80 adult participants, 71 (91%) were female, 45 (56%) had 12th grade or less education, 65 (81%) had an annual income of dollar 15,000 or less, and 21 (26%) completed the IMM recall in Spanish. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Analysis of variance and unadjusted and energy-adjusted correlations were used. RESULTS: No significant group differences were found for order of administration or demographic characteristics. There was only one significant (P=.025) method effect, whereby vitamin C intake was higher in the IMM recall than the FIAS. The unadjusted correlations between the IMM recalls and interview-administered recalls analyzed using both FIAS and EFNEP Evaluating/Reporting System were generally approximately 0.6. Energy-adjusted correlations were consistently lower. Substituting standardized portion sizes resulted in significant differences for six nutrients and caused all correlations to decrease. CONCLUSIONS: The IMM dietary recall is a valid method for assessing dietary intake within the tested group. The results of comparative validity testing and positive reactions received from participants and nutrition educators indicate that diet assessment using IMM has tremendous potential.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Infant feeding practices in East Harlem.

Infant feeding practices among low-income infants in East Harlem were surveyed prior to undertaking a nutrition education program. Data were obtained from 24-hr. recalls on 153 infants seen in a well-baby clinic. Intakes of energy, protein, fat, ascorbic acid, iron, and sodium showed wide variations among infants of similar ages. Nutrient intakes were similar for black and Puerto Rican infants, although some ethnic differences were observed in the types of milk and solid foods consumed. Black infants received formula for a longer period, while Puerto Rican infants were transferred to whole cow's milk at a younger age. In contrast black infants were introduced to table foods earlier.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Examination of specific nutrition/health behaviors using a social cognitive model.

Nutrition intervention programs are not always successful. In some cases, an insufficient understanding of the interrelationships among factors influencing health behaviors may be responsible for the failures. This study used social cognitive theory, a framework for studying behaviors, to structure the relationships between measurable factors important to the frequency of health-oriented food consumption. We developed a model that incorporated factors for social environment, reinforcement, commitment, behavior modeling, knowledge, and attitude relative to the frequency of consumption of four beverages (whole milk, low-fat/skin milk, regular soda, and diet soda). Four-hundred fifty-seven middle-aged adults (mean age, 47 years; 58% female) and 709 college students (mean age, 21 years; 50% female) responded to a written questionnaire designed as a self-report on frequency of consumption and measures for 10 social cognitive variables. For all four beverages, the model explained 35% or more of the variance in frequency of consumption, thus confirming its predictive power. We used the statistical approach known as path analysis to examine the relationships within the model. The analysis demonstrated that factors influencing the consumption varied between the two age groups (e.g., nutrition knowledge was related to attitude in adult soda-drinking models but not in student soda-drinking models) and between forms of the beverages (e.g., for student models, nutrition knowledge was related to taste enjoyment for low-fat/skim milk but not for whole milk).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Spiruline as a food supplement in case of infant malnutrition in Burkina-Faso].

BACKGROUND: Spiruline, a microscopic algae with nutritious quality was put forward as food supplement to fight malnutrition in infant. POPULATION AND METHODS: To assess its effectiveness, a survey was carried out among children with malnutrition whose Z-score was <2 for their age, in the Koudougou province, Burkina-Faso. Within five centers, three groups were defined at randomization: group 1 with usual nutritional rehabilitation program, group 2 as above + 5 g x d(-1) of spiruline, group 3 as above + spiruline + fish. 182 children, aged three months - three years, were originally involved. Six died (3.3%) and 11 hospitalised were excluded; the study was carried out on 165 children and lasted three months. Judging criteria were: length per aged, weight for length group evolution and the corresponding Z-score at 60 et 90 days. RESULTS: At the inclusion, children were aged 14.6 months on average and weighed 6.7 kg (Z-score of -3.2 weight/age) with a length of 71.4 cm (-2.0 Z-score length/age) and weight for length of 0.093 (-2.5 Z-score). 9.4% had oedema. There were no noticeable differences between the three groups as to weight gain, length gain, weight for length gain. CONCLUSION: A 5 g x d(-1) spiruline dose does not bring any benefit over 90 days, compared to traditional renutrition. Furthermore, at the moment, it is costly, and the battle against infant malnutrition cannot be based on one single element, such as a wonder drug, but on a national or local policy based on training, education, economical aid, and nutritional rehabilitation centers and infection treatment.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

Knee height as a predictor of recumbent length for individuals with mobility-impaired cerebral palsy.

BACKGROUND: Because accurate measures of recumbent length are essential to assess growth and energy requirements of mobility-impaired individuals with cerebral palsy (CP), a reliable and simple method of estimating recumbent length is required. Prediction of recumbent length from knee height in this population has not yet been investigated. OBJECTIVES: i) To correlate direct measures of recumbent length in mobility-impaired individuals having lower leg extremity cerebral palsy (LECP) involvement with indirect measures of recumbent length calculated using knee-height prediction equations and ii) to determine if knee height is a reliable predictor of recumbent length in this population. METHODS: Subjects (n = 34; 15F, 19M), aged 6 to 30 years, were participants in a six-month nutrition rehabilitation program. All subjects had varying degrees of LECP involvement. Recumbent length to the nearest 0.5 cm was measured by standardised techniques. Knee height was measured to the nearest 0.5 centimetre using sliding callipers. Equations based on normal, healthy individuals with application to mobility-impaired or handicapped individuals were used to predict recumbent length from knee height. RESULTS: Direct measures of recumbent length of subjects significantly correlated with indirect measures calculated using knee height prediction equations (R = 0.88, p< or =0.0001). In addition, knee height of these subjects was a reliable predictor of recumbent length (R2 = 0.78, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that knee height may be a reliable predictor for recumbent length in this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Research to support household and community IMCI. Report of a meeting, 22-24 January 2001, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

The Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy combines improved case management of childhood illness with aspects of nutrition, immunization, disease prevention, and promotion of growth and development. The household and community component of IMCI was formulated to reach the numerous sick children who are ill and often die at home without ever being treated by a trained healthcare practitioner. In January 2001, USAID (Child Health Research Project and BASICS II) and the CORE Group sponsored a meeting in Baltimore, Maryland, to determine the research needed to implement household and community IMCI effectively. This paper summarizes the presentations at that meeting and highlights the research and programme priorities expressed using the three-element approach devised by the CORE Group and USAID (BASICS II and Child Survival Technical Support Project). Research priorities to improve partnerships between health facilities and the communities they serve (Element 1) include finding ways to increase community involvement and management of health facilities, establishing accurate costs for community IMCI services, and formulating cost-recovery mechanisms tailored to local circumstances. Programme priorities in Element 1 include establishment of systems for maintenance of an adequate supply of essential equipment and medicines, while retaining access for the poor and ensuring adequate referral mechanisms for severely-ill patients that include monitoring and incentives for the performance of health workers. Research priorities to increase appropriate, accessible care and information from community-based care providers (Element 2) consist of activities to design simplified IMCI guidelines for use by community health workers (CHWs) and volunteers and evaluation of the impact of using these guidelines on morbidity and mortality. Also a priority item in this category is experimenting with ways to teach mothers and families to care for sick children at home and strategies to improve the practice of medicine in the private sector. More research is also needed to improve the quality of nutritional and preventive health counselling given by CHWs and to find ways to make community IMCI interventions sustainable. Programme priorities in Element 2 include efforts at the national level to establish policies to improve care by traditional and private care providers and to define the position of volunteer workers in the national health system. Research priorities to integrate promotion of key family practices critical for public health (Element 3) are focused on determining which interventions are the most effective in reducing child morbidity and mortality at the household and community levels, finding the best methods of delivering these interventions, and implementing these and scaling up in essential service packages. Particular issues in child health, needing urgent attention from the research and programme communities, are HIV/AIDS and neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Child↗
PubMed1989

An assessment of the nutritional status of preschool children in Western Papua New Guinea, 1978 to 1986.

This paper reports the results of a cross-sectional survey of nutrition in children 0-5 years old carried out in Balimo District of southern Western Province, Papua New Guinea, between December 1985 and February 1986, and compares the level of undernutrition found in this survey with previous levels. The purpose of this comparison was to determine the effect of the National Food and Nutrition Policy introduced in 1978 and, more specifically, the Balimo Nutrition Education Program introduced in 1980. The major findings are that there has been a marked reduction in the level of undernutrition in children 0-5 years old, as determined by weight for age. In 1978, 44.6% of children were less than 80% of the standard, whereas in 1986 the corresponding figure was 22.3%. The level of undernutrition in the 0-12 month old age group was significantly lower than that of all other age groups, which correlates with the period of breastfeeding. The increase of undernutrition after this age can be partly accounted for by an inadequate weaning diet, an area in which further education is required. The level of attendance at maternal and child health clinics has not altered significantly between 1982 and 1986, being still only 45% of children enrolled in the clinics. This needs to be improved if possible by the local health centres.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed2006

Preconception care between pregnancies: the content of internatal care.

For more than two decades, prenatal care has been a cornerstone of our nation's strategy for improving pregnancy outcomes. In recent years, however, a growing recognition of the limits of prenatal care and the importance of maternal health before pregnancy has drawn increasing attention to preconception and internatal care. Internatal care refers to a package of healthcare and ancillary services provided to a woman and her family from the birth of one child to the birth of her next child. For healthy mothers, internatal care offers an opportunity for wellness promotion between pregnancies. For high-risk mothers, internatal care provides strategies for risk reduction before their next pregnancy. In this paper we begin to define the contents of internatal care. The core components of internatal care consist of risk assessment, health promotion, clinical and psychosocial interventions. We identified several priority areas, such as FINDS (family violence, infections, nutrition, depression, and stress) for risk assessment or BBEEFF (breastfeeding, back-to-sleep, exercise, exposures, family planning and folate) for health promotion. Women with chronic health conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, or weight problems should receive on-going care per clinical guidelines for their evaluation, treatment, and follow-up during the internatal period. For women with prior adverse outcomes such as preterm delivery, we propose an internatal care model based on known etiologic pathways, with the goal of preventing recurrence by addressing these biobehavioral pathways prior to the next pregnancy. We suggest enhancing service integration for women and families, including possibly care coordination and home visitation for selected high-risk women. The primary aim of this paper is to start a dialogue on the content of internatal care.

Domestic Violence↗
PubMed1988

Nutritional support of the chronically ill elderly female at risk for elective or urgent surgery.

Among the elderly, those at highest risk are the chronically ill, inactive patients. Assessing macronutrient requirements and outcome depends on longitudinal studies. Seven chronically ill, elderly female patients suffering from persistent infections, were studied monthly, over a 6-month period to determine their protein and energy requirements. Calorie and protein requirements were based on clinical status. The results of the nutrition support program were monitored using: weight change, nitrogen balance, serum albumin levels, alterations in anthropometric measurements (triceps skinfold thickness and arm muscle circumference), and immune function tests. Based on the 6-month study period data, the calculated mean energy requirement for weight maintenance was 98% of calculated basal energy expenditure (BEE) and the mean protein required for nitrogen balance, 0.8 g/kg desired body weight (DBW). Excess caloric administration resulted in weight gain, determined to be fat (and/or fluid) but not lean body mass. When surgery is contemplated, there should be a 30% (factorial) increase over these base-line values. It is inadvisable to allow elderly patients to sustain any starvation, period given their inability to produce increases in body cell mass even in this 6-month period.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Risk factors for physical disability in an aging cohort: the NHANES I Epidemiologic Followup Study.

Successful improvement in health in our increasingly aged population will depend in substantial part on reduction of age specific disability levels. In turn, the epidemiologic model suggests that this requires identification of risk factors, development of intervention models, and testing of these models. We attempted to identify risk factors for physical disability among 4,428 50-77-year-olds using baseline data collected in the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) (1971-1975) linked to disability data collected 10 years later in the NHANES I Epidemiologic Followup Study. Results of forward stepwise linear regression analysis showed that the major characteristics contributing to greater disability (explaining at least 1% of the variability in scores) were older age at baseline, less nonrecreational activity, arthritis history, less education, female sex, and greater body mass index at age 40. Other factors associated with greater disability included a history of asthma, cardiovascular disease, abnormal urine test, less recreational activity, higher sedimentation rate, rheumatic fever history, lower caloric intake, positive musculoskeletal findings, histories of polio and allergies, lower family income, elevated blood pressure, lower serum albumin, history of tuberculosis, glucose in the urine, and histories of hip or spine fracture, chronic pulmonary disease, and kidney disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

A novel dysphagia diet improves the nutrient intake of institutionalized elders.

OBJECTIVES: Dysphagia affects 35% to 60% of the institutionalized elderly population. This study aimed at evaluating the nutrient intake of frail institutionalized elderly persons with dysphagia and to assess the impact of Sainte-Anne's Hospital Advanced Nutritional Care program on dietary intake and weight. DESIGN: A 12-week intervention study. SUBJECTS/SETTING: Ninety-three individuals residing in a Montreal, Canada, long-term care facility who were aged at least 65 years were evaluated. Seventeen subjects with a body mass index (BMI; calculated as kg/m(2)) <24 or weight loss >7.5% within 3 months and with dysphagia were included. INTERVENTION: The treated group (n=8; aged 82.5+/-4.41 years, weight 55.9+/-12.1 kg, BMI 22.4+/-3.93) received Sainte-Anne's Hospital reshaped minced- or pureed-texture foods with thickened beverages where required. The control group (n=9; aged 84.6+/-3.81 years, weight 54.3+/-7.49 kg, BMI 21.2+/-2.31) maintained traditional nourishment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Macronutrient and micronutrient intake, weight, and BMI were measured at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. STATISTICS: Student t tests were performed to evaluate change within and between groups. RESULTS: The treatment and control groups were similar at baseline, having a mean age of 82.5+/-4.41 years vs 84.6+/-3.81 years and BMI of 22.4+/-3.93 vs 21.2+/-2.31, respectively. The average weight in the treated group increased compared to the control group (3.90+/-2.30 vs -0.79+/-4.18 kg; P=0.02). Similarly, the treated group presented an increased intake of energy, proteins, fats, total saturated fats, monounsaturated fats, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, vitamin B-2, and vitamin D compared to control subjects (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Institutionalized elderly patients with dysphagia can eat better and increase body weight via a diversified, modified in texture, and appealing oral diet that meets their nutrition needs.

Aged↗