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At least 1,765 records · Page 98Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Co-operative effect of the isoforms of type III antifreeze protein expressed in Notched-fin eelpout, Zoarces elongatus Kner.

We found that Notched-fin eelpout, which lives off the north east coast of Japan, expresses an antifreeze protein (AFP). The liver of this fish contains DNAs that encode at least 13 type III AFP isoforms (denoted nfeAFPs). The primary sequences of the nfeAFP isoforms were categorized into SP- and QAE-sephadex binding groups, and the latter were further divided into two subgroups, QAE1 and QAE2 groups. Ice crystals observed in HPLC-pure nfeAFP fractions are bipyramidal in shape with different ratios of c and a axes, suggesting that all the isoforms are able to bind ice. We expressed five recombinant isoforms of nfeAFP and analyzed the thermal hysteresis (TH) activity of each as a function of protein concentration. We also examined the change in activity on mixing the isoforms. TH was estimated to be 0.60 degrees C for the QAE1 isoform, 0.11 degrees C for QAE2, and almost zero for the SP isoforms when the concentrations of these isoforms was standardized to 1.0 mm. Significantly, the TH activity of the SP isoforms showed concentration dependence in the presence of 0.2 mm QAE1, indicating that the less active SP isoform becomes 'active' when a small amount of QAE1 is added. In contrast, it does not become active on the addition of another SP isoform. These results suggest that the SP and QAE isoforms of type III AFP have different levels of TH activity, and they accomplish the antifreeze function in a co-operative manner.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Hereditary vascular dementia linked to notch 3 mutations. CADASIL in British families.

The most common form of familial vascular dementia is considered to be CADASIL or cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, which is now also increasingly manifest in the United Kingdom. CADASIL has been previously dubbed as a familial form of Binswanger disease. However, unlike in Binswanger disease CADASIL does not involve hypertension or other risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. CADASIL appears to be essentially a disorder of the arteries that is linked to single missense mutations in the NOTCH 3 gene locus on chromosome 19. The pathogenesis of the disorder or the genetic mechanism leading to brain infarcts and dementia is not known. The elucidation of the microvascular pathology evident in CADASIL may be an interesting way to delineate effects of defective genes on brain cells from systemic vascular influences.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1992

The effect of interface adhesion, water immersion and anatomical notches on the mechanical properties of denture base resins reinforced with continuous high performance polyethylene fibres.

Previous work has presented a study of the mechanical properties of denture base resins reinforced with a new type of high performance fibre. It is now shown that the substantial improvements demonstrated in those composites remain largely unaffected by a watery environment, anatomical notches, moulding pressure and other factors of denture construction. The understanding of the reinforced resins is here complemented with a detailed study of the interface strength, taking into account the various couplings occurring within the system.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2001

Frequency specificity of the human auditory brainstem and middle latency responses using notched noise masking.

This study investigated the frequency specificity of the auditory brainstem and middle latency responses to 80 and 90 dB ppe SPL 500-Hz and 90 dB ppe SPL 2000-Hz tonebursts. The stimuli were brief (2-1-2 cycle) linear-gated tonebursts. ABR/MLRs were recorded using two electrode montages: (1) Cz-nape of neck and (2) Cz-ipsilateral earlobe. Cochlear contributions to ABR wave V-Na and MLR waves Na-Pa and Pa-Nb were assessed by plotting notched noise tuning curves which showed amplitudes and latencies as a function of center frequency of the noise masker [Abdala and Folsom, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 2394 (1995); ibid. 98, 921 (1995)]. Maxima in the response amplitude profiles for the ABR and MLR to 80 dB ppe SPL tonebursts occurred within one-half octave of the nominal stimulus frequency, with minimal contributions to the responses from frequencies greater than one octave away. At 90 dB ppe SPL, contributions came from a slightly broader frequency region for both stimulus frequencies. Thus, the ABR/MLR to 80 dB ppe SPL tonebursts shows good frequency specificity which decreases at 90 dB ppe SPL. No significant differences exist in frequency specificity of: (1) ABR wave V-Na versus MLR waves Na-Pa and Pa-Nb at either stimulus frequency or intensity; and (2) ABR/MLRs recorded using the two electrode montages.

Auditory Threshold↗
PubMed1997

Frequency tuning of the dolphin's hearing as revealed by auditory brain-stem response with notch-noise masking.

Notch-noise masking was used to measure frequency tuning in a dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in a simultaneous-masking paradigm in conjunction with auditory brain-stem evoked potential recording. Measurements were made at probe frequencies of 64, 76, 90, and 108 kHz. The data were analyzed by fitting the rounded-exponent model of the auditory filters to the experimental data. The fitting parameter values corresponded to the filter tuning as follows: QER (center frequency divided by equivalent rectangular bandwidths) of 35 to 36.5 and Q10 dB of 18 to 19 at all tested frequencies.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1963

INVERTED INDEXING ON EDGE-NOTCHED CARDS.

Edge-notched cards in an inverted system of indexing may be used satisfactorily to analyze research data which concern a small series of individuals but a large number of highly variable characteristics in a short-term research project.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1991

Convergence of Ets- and notch-related structural motifs in a heteromeric DNA binding complex.

Analysis of the heteromeric DNA binding protein GABP has revealed the interaction of two distinct peptide sequence motifs normally associated with proteins located in different cellular compartments. The alpha subunit of GABP contains an 85-amino acid segment related to the Ets family of DNA binding proteins. The ETS domain of GABP alpha facilitates weak binding to DNA and, together with an adjacent segment of 37 amino acids, mediates stable interaction with GABP beta. The beta subunit of GABP contains four imperfect repeats of a sequence present in several transmembrane proteins including the product of the Notch gene of Drosophila melanogaster. These amino-terminal repeats of GABP beta mediate stable interaction with GABP alpha and, when complexed with GABP alpha, directly contact DNA. These observations provide evidence for a distinct biochemical role for the 33-amino acid repeats, and suggest that they may serve as a module for the generation of specific dimerization interfaces.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Identification of Ets- and notch-related subunits in GA binding protein.

Recombinant cDNA clones that encode two distinct subunits of the transcription factor GA binding protein (GABP) have been isolated. The predicted amino acid sequence of one subunit, GABP alpha, exhibits similarity to the sequence of the product of the ets-1 protooncogene in a region known to encompass the Ets DNA binding domain. The sequence of the second subunit, GABP beta, contains four 33-amino acid repeats located close to the NH2-terminus of the subunit. The sequences of these repeats are similar to repeats in several transmembrane proteins, including Notch from Drosophila melanogaster and Glp-1 and Lin-12 from Caenorhabditis elegans. Avid, sequence-specific binding to DNA required the presence of both polypeptides, revealing a conceptual convergence of nuclear transforming proteins and membrane-anchored proteins implicated in developmentally regulated signal transduction processes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2004

Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 amino acid 83 variants enhance E6-mediated MAPK signaling and differentially regulate tumorigenesis by notch signaling and oncogenic Ras.

Oncogenically high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causally associated with the progression of major human neoplasia-like cancers of the cervix. Several studies have defined functions of the key E6 and E7 oncoproteins in epithelial cell immortalization. The roles of these oncogenes in the progression of immortalized epithelial cells to invasive tumors are still poorly understood. Here, we establish a novel link between the E6 oncoprotein and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and show that this signaling involves Rap1. We find that activated MAPK signaling cooperates with deregulated Notch1 signaling to recreate features of HPV-driven invasive cervical carcinomas. We extend our analysis to evaluate an E6 (amino acid [aa] 83) variant that has been linked to invasive tumors. The variant enhances MAPK signaling and cooperative transformation with deregulated Notch1 signaling. Unlike E6, this variant surprisingly inhibits oncogenic Ras-mediated transformation. Our data reveal that the quantitative differences in activation of MAPK signaling by E6 and its variant correlate with differences in cooperative transformation with other signaling pathways, thus suggesting that thresholds of MAPK activation may define permissive conditions for other signaling pathways in tumorigenesis. Epidemiological studies have suggested the importance of E6 aa 83 variants in invasive carcinomas; our data support a key deterministic role for this variant in human cervical tumorigenesis. These observations, along with our recent data showing that deregulated Notch signaling activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling, strengthen the possibility of the existence of Ras-independent mechanisms to recreate signaling through classical Ras effector pathways.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

cDNA cloning of transcription factor E4TF1 subunits with Ets and notch motifs.

E4TF1 was originally identified as one of the transcription factors responsible for adenovirus E4 gene transcription. It is composed of two subunits, a DNA binding protein with a molecular mass of 60 kDa and a 53-kDa transcription-activating protein. Heterodimerization of these two subunits is essential for the protein to function as a transcription factor. In this study, we identified a new E4TF1 subunit, designated E4TF1-47, which has no DNA binding activity but can associate with E4TF1-60. We then cloned the cDNAs for each of the E4TF1 subunits. E4TF1 was purified, and the partial amino acid sequence of each subunit was determined. The predicted amino acid sequence of each cDNA clone revealed that E4TF1-60 had an ETS domain, which is a DNA binding domain common to ets-related transcription factors. E4TF1-53 had four tandemly repeated notch-ankyrin motifs. The putative cDNA of E4TF1-47 coded almost the same amino acid sequences as E4TF1-53. Three hundred and thirty-two amino acids of the N termini of E4TF1-47 and -53 were identical except for one amino acid insertion in E4TF1-53, and they differ from each other at the C terminus. These three recombinant cDNA clones were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the proteins behaved in the same manner as purified proteins in a gel retardation assay. Nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences were highly homologous to GABP-alpha and -beta, which is further supported by the observation that GABP-specific antibody can recognize human E4TF1.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1992

The deep lateral femoral notch: an indirect sign of a torn anterior cruciate ligament.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has shown that tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are frequently accompanied by meniscal and osseous injuries. Abnormalities of the cartilage overlying the lateral femoral condylopatellar sulcus (notch) also have been noted during arthrotomy of ACL-deficient knees. In this study, the appearance of this sulcus on MR images and the depth of the sulcus on conventional radiographs are compared in patients with normal and torn ACLs to determine whether a deep sulcus is a useful indirect sign of a torn ACL. In 62 patients with clinically and/or arthroscopically confirmed normal ACLs, the mean depth of the lateral femoral sulcus was 0.45 mm (range, 0.0-1.2 mm) compared with 0.89 mm (range, 0.0-5.0 mm) in 41 patients with clinically and/or arthroscopically confirmed ACL tears (significant at the 5% level). No patient with a normal ACL had a sulcus greater than 1.2 mm in depth. A sulcus deeper than 1.5 mm is equivalent to 3 standard deviations above the mean and was a reliable indirect sign of a torn ACL.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Mandibular sigmoid notch: a window for CT-guided biopsies of lesions in the peripharyngeal and skull base regions.

Biopsy of lesions in the peripharyngeal and skull base regions frequently is difficult with standard computed tomography-guided retromandibular and retromaxillary approaches. An alternative approach via the mandibular sigmoid notch (concave superior margin of the mandibular ramus) was used in 13 patients. It provided easy access to deep lesions and to areas such as the skull base and clivus, which are unapproachable with other methods.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Notch-1, c-kit and GFRalpha-1 are developmentally regulated markers for premeiotic germ cells.

Culture, transfection and immortalization of mouse germ line stem cells, germ cell transplantation and grafting of testicular tissue are milestones of recent biotechnological breakthroughs. Alone and in combination they offer new pathways to explore the cellular mechanisms responsible for pluripotency and the requirements of cells to enter the germ line. Efficient markers, isolation and culture systems as well as transfection approaches are developed to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to the development of male germ line cells. Here, we describe the localization pattern of c-kit, Notch-1 and GFRalpha-1 in postnatal, immature and adult testes. All three proteins are potentially useful markers for spermatogonial characterization and enrichment. First attempts and various future perspectives to use spermatogonial stem cells as pathway for the introduction of transgenes are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Interarytenoid notch height relative to the vocal folds. Pilot study.

We measured interarytenoid notch height (IANH) in 20 young children who required direct laryngoscopy under general anesthesia. By means of a specifically designed instrument, we found that the average IANH approximated 3 mm. Laryngeal incompetence on swallowing or in the presence of gastroesophageal reflux is associated with a low IANH (p < .0001). Therefore, IANH may be a measure of relative laryngeal incompetence.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Injury of the suprascapular nerve at the spinoglenoid notch. The natural history of infraspinatus atrophy in volleyball players.

From 1985 to 1996, we observed 38 cases of isolated atrophy of the infraspinatus muscle in athletes; all were involved in volleyball at a competitive level. There were 20 men and 18 women with a mean age of 26 years (range, 15 to 27). At the time of the first examination, 35 of these athletes had no pain and were treated with exercises to strengthen the external rotators. The remaining three patients underwent surgery because of pain at the posterior aspect of the shoulder. Sixteen of the 35 players treated nonoperatively were reviewed at a mean follow-up of 5.5 years (range, 3 to 10). Thirteen were still involved in volleyball and three had retired symptom-free at the end of their careers. On physical examination, atrophy of the infraspinatus muscle was unchanged in all cases. The patients treated surgically were reviewed at a mean follow-up of 2 years. All of them were able to play volleyball at their preinjury levels, but one had pain at the anterior aspect of the shoulder after strenuous activity. Physical examination showed a notable reduction of the atrophy in one patient. Entrapment of the suprascapular nerve at the spinoglenoid notch is a usually painless syndrome that is frequently observed in volleyball players. Surgical treatment is indicated in the rare cases of painful neuropathies after careful patient selection.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Suprascapular nerve entrapment at the spinoglenoid notch in a professional baseball pitcher.

Suprascapular nerve injuries at the spinoglenoid notch are uncommon. The true incidence of this lesion is unknown; however, it appears to be more common in athletes who participate in sports involving overhead activities. When a patient is being evaluated for posterior shoulder pain and infraspinatus muscle weakness, electrodiagnostic studies are an essential part of the evaluation. Electromyography will identify an injury to the suprascapular nerve as well as assist in localizing the site of injury. In addition, imaging studies are also indicated to help exclude other diagnoses that can mimic a suprascapular nerve injury. The initial management should consist of cessation of the aggravating activity along with an organized shoulder rehabilitation program. If the patient fails to improve with 6 months to 1 year of nonoperative management, surgical exploration of the suprascapular nerve should be considered. Release of the spinoglenoid ligament with resultant suprascapular nerve decompression may result in relief of pain and a return of normal shoulder function.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Notch 1 inhibits photoreceptor production in the developing mammalian retina.

The transmembrane receptor Notch1 plays a role in development and homeostasis in vertebrates and invertebrates. The mammalian retina is an excellent tissue in which to dissect the precise role of Notch signaling in regulating cell fate and proliferation. However, a systematic analysis has been limited by the early embryonic lethality of Notch1-null mice. Here, Notch1 was conditionally removed from the murine retina either early or late in development. Removal of Notch1 early led to a reduction in the size of the retina as well as aberrant morphology. A decrease in the number of progenitor cells and premature neurogenesis accounted for the reduction in size. Unexpectedly, ablation of Notch1 in early progenitor cells led to enhanced cone photoreceptor production, and ablation of Notch1 at later points led to an almost exclusive production of rod photoreceptor cells. These data suggest that Notch1 not only maintains the progenitor state, but is required to inhibit the photoreceptor fate. These cone enriched mutant mice should prove to be a valuable resource for the study of this relatively rare mammalian photoreceptor cell type.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Developmental patterning of the cardiac atrioventricular canal by Notch and Hairy-related transcription factors.

Mutations in Notch2, Jagged1 or homologs of the Hairy-related transcriptional repressor Hey2 cause congenital malformations involving the non-chamber atrioventricular canal (AVC) and inner curvature (IC) regions of the heart, but the underlying mechanisms have not been investigated. By manipulating signaling directly within the developing chick heart, we demonstrated that Notch2, Hey1 and Hey2 initiate a signaling cascade that delimits the non-chamber AVC and IC regions. Specifically, misactivation of Notch2 signaling, or misexpression of either Hey1 or Hey2, repressed Bmp2. Because Jagged (also known as Serrate in non-mammalian species) ligands were found to be present in prospective chamber myocardium, these data support the model that Notch2 and Hey proteins cause the progressive restriction of Bmp2 expression to within the developing AVC and IC, where it is essential for differentiation. Misactivation or inhibition of Notch2 specifically induced or inhibited Hey1, respectively, but these manipulations did not affect Hey2, implicating Hey1 as the direct mediator of Notch2. Bmp2 within the developing AVC and IC has been shown to induce Tbx2, and we found that Tbx2 misexpression inhibited the expression of both Hey1 and Hey2. Tbx2, therefore, is envisaged to constitute a feedback loop that sharpens the border with the developing AVC and IC by delimiting Hey gene expression to within prospective chamber regions. Analysis of the loss-of-function phenotype in mouse embryos homozygous for targeted disruption of Hey2 revealed an expanded AVC domain of Bmp2. Similarly, zebrafish gridlock (Hey2 homolog) mutant embryos showed ectopic expression of Bmp4, which normally marks AVC myocardium in this species. Thus, Hey pathway regulation of cardiac Bmp appears to be an evolutionarily conserved mechanism to delimit AVC and IC fate, and provides a potential mechanistic explanation for cardiac malformations caused by mutations in Serrate/Jagged1 and Notch signaling components.

Animals↗