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Results for “Helping Behavior”

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PubMedDate not supplied

Requiring help injecting as a risk factor for HIV infection in the Vancouver epidemic: implications for HIV prevention.

BACKGROUND: Requiring help injecting was recently associated with syringe sharing, and later HIV-1 and HCV seroconversion among injection drug users (IDU) in Vancouver. This risk factor remains poorly understood. The present study investigates this risk factor among Vancouver IDUs. METHODS: We evaluated factors associated with requiring help injecting among participants enrolled in the Vancouver Injection Drug User Study (VIDUS) using univariate and logistic regression analyses. VIDUS participants who were followed-up during the period December 2000 to December 2001 were eligible for the present analyses. We also evaluated self-reported reasons for requiring help injecting. RESULTS: Overall, 661 active injection drug users were interviewed during the study period. Among this population, 151 (22.8%) had required help injecting during the last six months, whereas 510 (77.2%) indicated that they had not. Variables that were independently associated with requiring help injecting included borrowing a used syringe (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.18), frequent cocaine injection (AOR = 1.57), and female gender (AOR = 2.29). Among males, the most common reasons for requiring help injecting were: having no viable veins (77.1%), and anxiousness or being drug sick (42.9%). Among females, the most common reasons reported were: having no viable veins (71.6%), jugular injection or 'jugging' (45.7%), and being anxious or drug sick (27.2%). Almost twice as many females (13.6% vs 7.1%) reported not knowing how to inject as their reason for requiring help injecting. CONCLUSION: Although current public health approaches, such as needle exchange, are unable to address the concerns associated with requiring help injecting, available evidence suggests that safer injecting facilities have the potential to substantially mitigate this risk behaviour.

British Columbia↗
PubMed2003

Dependent seniors at home--formal and informal help.

OBJECTIVES: This article documents the number of hours of help that seniors living in private households received from formal and/or informal sources in 1996. DATA SOURCE: Data are from Cycle 11 of the General Social Survey, conducted in 1996. This analysis focuses on 1,089 respondents aged 65 or older who, because of a long-term health problem, required assistance to remain in their homes and who indicated the source of assistance and the amount of help time received. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES: Analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's HSD test, was used to examine differences in help time received from each source. Medians are presented using an independent medians test. Linear regression was used to model associations between the amount of help time received from each source and certain characteristics. MAIN RESULTS: In 1996, dependent seniors living in the community received a median of 3 hours of help a week. Most of this assistance came from informal sources. Living arrangements and age were the major influences on hours received from informal sources. Having no surviving children and being disabled in terms of dexterity or mobility/flexibility were associated with increased hours of formal care. For those getting both types of help, increased hours from formal sources did not significantly reduce the hours received from informal sources.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Predictors of indigenous healer use among Samoans.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the utilization of alternative modalities of care (i.e., indigenous healers or fofo) by Samoans, the indigenous peoples of the US Territory of American Samoa and examine predictors (i.e., socio-demographic, access to care, health status, culture-specific beliefs about disease etiology and treatment, and intentions to use healers) of utilization of fofo. DESIGN: A cross-sectional design, with systematic, random sampling procedures. SUBJECTS: 1,834 adult Samoan men and women residing in American Samoa, Hawaii, and Los Angeles. OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence and predictors of utilization of fofo. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine independent predictors of utilization of fofo. RESULTS: The prevalence of use of fofo across the three study sites was 41.0%. The following variables emerged as significant predictors of use of fofo: older age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.25-2.06), resident of American Samoa (OR = 1.69, CI = 1.29-2.21), belief that indigenous healers can treat cancer (OR = 1.79, CI = 1.40-2.30), belief that some illnesses afflict only Samoans (OR = 2.15, CI = 1.72-2.70), and greater intentions to use a fofo (OR = 2.27, CI = 1.81-2.85). Some of the more common medical conditions for which Samoans used fofo were biomedically defined musculoskeletal and neurologic problems, and Samoan sicknesses (ma'i Samoa). CONCLUSIONS: Population-based estimates of use of alternative modalities of care by Samoans are comparable to that reported for the general US population. However, the predictors of utilization of indigenous healers are more likely to be culture-specific health beliefs about disease etiology and treatment. There is a need to better understand Samoan traditional medicine and help-seeking behavior and explore whether indigenous Samoan healers can assist in the delivery of clinically proven and culturally sensitive health interventions to positively impact both disease management and preventative behaviour in this minority Polynesian population.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Smoking cessation: the case for hospital-based interventions.

The second paper in our four-part Study series on smoking cessation looks at interventions that nurses can use with smokers in hospital. When admitted with an illness linked to their smoking, smokers may be at a point in life at which they are prepared to consider giving up. Armed with information and specialist training, nurses can help them achieve this goal.

Communication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The real fright club.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Hysterical personality and family: a clinical case.

Within the framework of family typology, the therapist can organize and orient his own observations, by confronting the characteristics of a particular family system, with the models of a "shared reality". Structural and organizational analysis of the family system, according to a general typology, can also be useful when the therapist has to deal with a defined and a not specific symptom or disease, and when a differential diagnosis is necessary for its pragmatic effects. This is often the case of hysteria, which according to many authors can show today various, confused shapes, as depression, general existential discomfort, anorexia and bulimia, and forms of exhibited addition. The authors present a clinical case, trying to point out how a "typology-oriented" observation of the family system, allowed the therapists to clarify an individual condition, otherwise difficult to understand.

Adult↗