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At least 1,765 records · Page 98Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Community-based participatory research in the California Health Interview Survey.

INTRODUCTION: The California Health Interview Survey, the largest state health survey in the United States, uses community-based participatory research principles to develop each cycle. Other large-scale health surveys rarely include participatory research approaches. Every 2 years, the California Health Interview Survey generates state and local population-based data on health insurance coverage, access to health care, chronic disease prevalence and management, health behaviors and disease prevention, and other health issues in California. The survey is used for policy and program development, advocacy, and research. METHODS: The development of the California Health Interview Survey involves more than 145 people from more than 60 state and local policymaking bodies, public health agencies, advocacy groups, research organizations, and health care organizations. They participate as volunteers in an advisory board, on technical advisory committees, and in work groups that interact with California Health Interview Survey research staff in an accountable advisory process that shapes survey topics, measures, and sample design and determines languages selected for translation. Survey results and data are provided to the communities involved in the survey. RESULTS: California Health Interview Survey data have been widely used by local, state, and national public health leaders, policymakers, advocates, and researchers to improve access to health insurance and health care services and to develop and target prevention programs for obesity and chronic illnesses. CONCLUSION: The California Health Interview Survey participatory research model has been an effective approach to planning and implementing a health survey and should be considered by developers of other large health surveys.

California↗
PubMed2005

The public and public health organizations: issues for community engagement in public health.

Deliberative processes are beginning to take effect in the public health sector. Public health organizations have a critical role in fostering local deliberation during the planning and implementation of community health efforts. The chief executive officer (CEO) of eight national public health constituent organizations were provided background readings about deliberation and its potential role in community public health planning. They were then interviewed about their prior knowledge of public health deliberation, impressions and thoughts about deliberation's role in public health, whether they could identify constituents using the approach, and the best method of disseminating information on deliberation. Information provided by stakeholders was analyzed to gauge the understanding and implementation of public deliberation. Four main themes emerged from the interviews including: general awareness and attitudes about public deliberation, barriers to deliberation, words of caution when using the deliberative approach, and dissemination of deliberation. Each of the CEOs interviewed favored deliberative approaches in public health planning that would ensure that the community's voice is present in the decision-making process. However, there are certain limitations to the approach that must be addressed before the full benefits of public engagement can be obtained in public health.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed2006

Implementing program-wide awareness about recovery in a large mental health and addictions program.

St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton conceptualized a multi-step plan for implementing a recovery oriented service delivery approach within their Mental Health and Addictions Program. This brief report discusses the first phase of this plan which included building awareness of recovery utilizing Anthony's (2000) system standards to develop a needs assessment for managers and senior team members. The survey had three purposes: to increase managers' awareness about recovery; to allow managers to express concerns that they had with this paradigm; and to afford managers an opportunity to explore the ways in which their service was and was not operating in a recovery oriented way. Initiatives designed to build awareness throughout the program are discussed.

Awareness↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Building a healthier northern Michigan.

Over the last 10 years, hospitals in the north central region of Michigan have collaborated with human service agencies across a 21-country area of northern Lower Michigan on the Community Health Assessment Project: Building A Healthier Northern Michigan. A survey was completed in 1995 that provided insight into the health status of adults in the region. The survey helped communities identify health priorities and implement plans to address them.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

A community capacity-enhancement approach to breast and cervical cancer screening among older women of color.

In the Screening Older Minority Women project, the authors applied a community capacity-enhancement approach to promoting breast and cervical cancer screening among older women of color. Members of informal support networks were recruited for this health promotion intervention to empower Latina and African American women to engage in positive health behaviors. The authors describe the phases of the intervention and the experiences from the community. Guidelines are identified to help researchers and practitioners in planning and implementing community health promotion intervention with women of color.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Current trends in health plan payment methods for the facility costs of outpatient care.

Outpatient hospital and ambulatory care services represent the fastest growing part of national health care expenditures. Until recently, most health plans reimbursed providers' outpatient facility costs on the basis of billed charges. Some health plans have now implemented prospective payment systems with incentives for limiting the volume of ambulatory care services. Findings from 1997 telephone interviews with senior managers in national managed care companies and local health plans reveal that recent reforms at some health plans have been generally incremental, building on existing systems, but use of outpatient prospective payment systems by private health plans is still rare. However, health plan managers expect continued reforms in the future as experience is gained with new payment systems such as those based on the Ambulatory Patient Groups case mix grouping method.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Marital status and health care expenditures among the elderly in a managed care organization.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of marital status in and health care expenditures among the elderly in a managed care organization. The study population consisted of 277 functionally impaired elderly people who were 75 years and older enrolled in a managed care organization. In separate analyses, the relationship between marital status and total expenditure per enrollee, the number of outpatient visits, hospital admissions, and emergency department (ED) visits during the two-year study period was examined. The results indicate that married individuals had significantly higher health care expenditures than the unmarried. However, there were no significant differences in number of hospital admissions, number of outpatient visits, and number of ED visits. It would behoove health care administrators and policy makers to take into consideration marital status when planning, designing, and implementing health care policies for the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Role of the microbiology laboratory in infectious disease surveillance, alert and response.

Surveillance is usually defined as the ongoing and systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation and evaluation of public health practice. During recent years, most of these programmes have been developed in the field of antimicrobial resistance and nosocomial infections, but efforts have also been made in other areas. Recent experiences of emerging microbial threats, including severe acute respiratory syndrome and new influenza variants affecting humans, the re-emergence of infectious disease problems and the possibility of bioterrorism have evidenced the need for implementation of infectious disease surveillance programmes. clinical microbiology laboratories play a pivotal role in these programmes. They have the first opportunity to detect these problems and should participate in the design of reporting strategies and dissemination of this information. Policies for the flow of data to national and international authorities should be established using passive surveillance strategies. However, active surveillance programmes taking advantage of new methodologies, including virtual tools and mathematical programs, should be the goal for early detection of unusual patterns of microbial pathogens, outbreaks and healthcare-associated infections. In addition, early implementation of response strategies should be designed and performed with the cooperation of microbiology laboratories, and intervention and response protocols should be defined with the participation of clinical microbiologists.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed2006

Engaging the community in coalition efforts to address childhood asthma.

For health improvement efforts to effectively address community needs, community members must be engaged in planning and implementing public health initiatives. For Allies Against Asthma's coalitions, the community included not only the subpopulation of individuals who suffer disproportionately from asthma but also the individuals and institutions that surround them. Through a quantitative self-assessment survey, informal discussion among coalition leadership, and interviews with key informants, data relevant to community engagement identified a number of important ways the Allies coalitions approached community involvement. Respondents' comments made clear that the way the coalitions conduct their work is often as important as what they do. Across coalitions, factors that were identified as important for community involvement included (a) establishing a commitment to community involvement, (b) building trust, (c) making participation feasible and comfortable, (d) responding to community identified needs, (e) providing leadership development opportunities, and (f) building a shared commitment to desired outcomes.

Asthma↗
PubMed2001

Economic motives to use a participatory design approach in the development of public-health information systems.

Within public health, there is a tradition of co-operation between researchers and communities in planning and implementation of health promotion programs. As a consequence, public-health organizations are characterized by having complex multidisciplinary structure and dynamic organizational goals. In this paper, we discuss the economic impacts from the use of Participatory Design for development of public-health information systems. Creation of systems that have both utility and usability is suggested to be highlighted as the central goal. The identified pre-requisites for a positive impact are that the new system should be of high quality, appropriate to the nature of the health promotion tasks, and to how activities are coordinated and integrated both between and within the stakeholder groups involved. We argue further that a method that minimizes the information asymmetry in the development process is necessary for avoiding market failures 1. The conclusion is that participatory design will diminish transaction costs, will help to avoid sunk costs, and will contribute to rich efficient use of human and economic resources in public-health organizations.

Community Participation↗
PubMed1997

Designing a successful health fair to promote individual, family, and community health.

A health fair is a community health strategy used to meet community members' needs for health promotion, education, and prevention. In this article we focus on the importance of partnerships in designing a health fair; essential components; and steps in planning, implementing, and evaluating a health fair. The Healthy People 2000 framework can be used to guide the development of objectives and content for a health fair. We present a list of topics for exhibits and a Health Fair Evaluation Questionnaire used to measure outcomes of a health fair on participants' health beliefs and practices. Implications for nursing practice, education, and research include increasing nurses' awareness of community problems, health beliefs, and practices; networking opportunities that provide knowledge of new resources; service learning experiences for students; and opportunities for research on how health fairs meet health care needs and promote changes in health knowledge, beliefs, and practices.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed2005

Measuring the quality of antibiotic prescribing for upper respiratory infections and bronchitis in 5 US health plans.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and test the validity of a quality-of-care performance measure that examines antibiotic prescribing rates in children diagnosed as having upper respiratory infection (URI) or bronchitis. DESIGN AND METHODS: The measure developed examines the annual rate of antibiotic prescribing to children aged 3 months to 18 years with an episode of URI or bronchitis. Administrative data from 5 US health plans were used to identify episodes of URI or bronchitis using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes 460, 465, 466, and 490. Pharmacy data (National Drug Codes) were used to determine whether antibiotics were prescribed for the URI or bronchitis episode. Medical record abstractions were performed on a random sample of 465 cases to assess percentage agreement with pharmacy claims data for antibiotic prescribing. RESULTS: For the 84,166 children and adolescents aged 3 months to 18 years who had at least 1 episode of URI or bronchitis during the measurement year, 31% received antibiotics. Prescribing rates for URI and/or bronchitis varied widely among the 5 participating health plans (2%-75%; P < .001). Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing occurred most frequently for bronchitis episodes, with 4 of 5 health plans prescribing antibiotics in 60% of such cases (range, 60%-80%). Percentage agreement between administrative and medical records data for antibiotic prescribing was 88%. CONCLUSIONS: This quality measure is feasible to implement at the health plan level and validly assesses antibiotic prescribing rates using administrative data. Improvements in adhering to judicious use guidelines for antibiotic prescribing in children with URI and bronchitis are warranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A model for the delivery of health care to pregnant adolescents. Part I: assessment and planning.

The development and implementation of a health care delivery system for pregnant adolescents is described. The setting was an already functioning urban obstetrical outpatient facility for maternal and infant care. The successes and failures that were experienced are shared with the reader. In Part I the specifics involved in planning and putting into operation an adolescent clinic session are enumerated. In Part II the actual implementation, evaluation, and replanning are discussed. Both parts are based on the nursing process and the manner in which it was utilized in planning and development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Race, ethnicity, and linguistic isolation as determinants of participation in public health surveillance surveys.

INTRODUCTION: To plan, implement, and evaluate programs designed to improve health conditions among racial and ethnic minority populations in the United States, public health officials and researchers require valid and reliable health surveillance data. Monitoring chronic disease and behavioral risk factors among such populations, however, is challenging. This study assesses the effects of race, ethnicity, and linguistic isolation on rates of participation in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). METHODS: County-level data from the 2003 BRFSS survey and 2000 U.S. census were used to examine the effects of race, ethnicity, and linguistic isolation on six measures of survey participation (i.e., rates of resolution, screening, cooperation, response, language barriers, and refusal). RESULTS: Participation rates were significantly lower in counties with higher percentages of black people and people who did not speak English. Response rates decreased by 4.6% in counties with the highest concentration of black residents compared with counties with few black residents. Likewise, response rates decreased by approximately 7% in counties in which a larger percentage of the population spoke only Spanish or another Indo-European language compared with counties in which all residents spoke English. CONCLUSION: The negative relationship between the percentage of Spanish-only-speaking households and participation rates is troubling given that the BRFSS is conducted in both Spanish and English. The findings also indicate that more needs to be done to improve participation among other minorities. Researchers are investigating several ways of addressing disparities in participation rates, such as using postsurvey adjustments, developing more culturally appropriate data-collection procedures, and offering surveys in multiple languages.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Medicare program; limitations on payment for services furnished to employed aged and their spouses--Health Care Financing Administration. Final rule with comment period.

These regulations set forth policies and procedures under which Medicare payment will be made for health care items or services furnished to employed individuals age 65 through 69 and their spouses age 65 through 69, who are covered under an employer group health plan. These regulations implement section 116(b) of Pub. L. 97--248, the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982. The purpose of these provisions is to make Medicare benefits secondary to benefits payable under an employer group health plan for services furnished to employed individuals and their spouses age 65 through 69.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Turning Point Social Marketing National Excellence Collaborative: integrating social marketing into routine public health practice.

Social marketing can be an effective tool for achieving public health goals. Social marketing uses concepts from commercial marketing to plan and implement programs designed to bring about behavior change that will benefit individuals and society. Although social marketing principles have been used to address public health problems, efforts have been dominated by message-based, promotion-only strategies, and effective implementation has been hampered by both lack of understanding of and use of all of the components of a social marketing approach and lack of training. The Turning Point initiative's Social Marketing National Excellence Collaborative (SMNEC) was established to promote social marketing principles and practices to improve public health across the nation. After 4 years, the Collaborative's work has resulted in improved understanding of social marketing among participating members and the development of new tools to strengthen the social marketing skills among public health practitioners. The Collaborative has also made advances in incorporating and institutionalizing the practice of social marketing within public health in participating states.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMed1999

Implementing new health visiting services through action research: an analysis of process.

An action research project based in a single fundholding practice on the South Coast of England aimed to identify needs relevant to families with resident children, then to use the contracting system to redirect health visiting practice to meet those needs. The naïvety of this plan was well recognised, so the processes that occurred during implementation of the proposed changes were recorded throughout. An analysis of these participant observation data revealed various organisational constraints and facilitators that arose during contract negotiations. Two new full time health visiting posts were established, each with an innovative and somewhat controversial focus. One health visitor was employed to establish a community development project in an underserved area of the town, while the other was to provide a home visiting service for the families of school aged children. The processes involved in structuring decisions about 'health needs' and how these are best met are analysed for each of the two new posts. The analysis reveals powerful influences that affect the implementation of new health visiting services.

Child↗