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PubMed1987

A genetical model for emergenesis: in memory of Laurence H. Snyder, 1901-86.

When a phenotype is determined by a specific gene combination of several loci, it is called an emergenic trait. Such a trait, although genetically controlled, does not usually run in families, since the specific gene combination can hardly be preserved in the process of reproduction. The present paper suggests a concrete genetical model to account for the phenomenon that there is little resemblance between siblings and parent-child pairs with respect to this trait. The genetical model is multiple homozygosis for all loci involved in the gene configuration. The properties of such a trait in a random mating population for all families, as well as for the segregating families only, are investigated. Some of the difficulties in estimating the genetical parameters on the basis of empirical data are also discussed.

Genetics, Behavioral↗
PubMed1984

Issues in the psychiatric diagnosis and management of impotence.

The evaluation and management of impotence has received increasing attention in recent years, largely because of the development of new techniques of diagnosis and treatment discussed in the present review. The author reviews the role of psychiatry in (a) understanding psychogenic impotence, (b) differentiation of psychogenic from organic impotence and (c) developing the rationale and methods of the newer treatment modalities. The impact of the availability of surgical penile prosthesis implantation on the role of psychiatry in evaluating impotent subjects is discussed. The author indicates that much remains to be learned about the indications for surgical versus psychological treatment of impotence, and about the effectiveness of psychological interventions.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1984

The role of genetic analyses in characterizing obesity.

To understand how genetic and environmental factors could interact to lead to different types of obesity, a simple hypothetical model is examined involving two genes and one environmental factor. Separate and interactive effects are illustrated. The confounded expression of distant phenotypes and advantages of studying phenotypes close to immediate gene products are explained. The appearance of population frequency distribution curves for level of obesity are illustrated for five different situations simulating actual data behaving according to the hypothetical model. Six suggestions are given as a practical approach to characterizing morbid obesity: (1) describe the frequency distribution of morbid obesity by age and sex in the general population; (2) obtain accurate family history data from obese probands, spouses, and controls; (3) contrast results of metabolic studies between obese probands with and without a family history of obesity; (4) obtain metabolic screening data from close relatives of selected obese probands and controls; (5) study special settings (twins, adoption, migration, race); (6) when justified, perform extensive pedigree studies using metabolic evaluations, linkage markers, and carefully prepared computer model testing. Careful collection of family history data is explained in detail and is proposed as an important and relatively inexpensive tool that should be part of any study of human obesity.

Energy Intake↗