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At least 1,765 records · Page 98Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

The role of web-based environmental information in urban planning--the environmental information system for planners.

The Environmental Information System for Planners (EISP) is a proof of concept web-based system designed to support decision making within the UK planning framework by making information on environmental issues more widely accessible. It incorporates relevant outputs from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Urban Regeneration and the Environment (URGENT) research programme and from research directly commissioned by the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM). It supports three principal planning functions carried out by local authorities: pre-planning enquiries, development control decisions and strategic planning. Eleven environmental science themes are incorporated: Air quality, Shallow undermining, Landslide susceptibility, Groundwater protection, Flood risk, Drainage, Land contamination, Proximity to landfill, Biodiversity, Natural and Man-made heritage. Decision flow diagrams represent detailed analysis of workflow in each theme, taking account of best practice, regulatory responsibilities and planning guidance. Industry-standard web technologies integrate the flows and provide access to the system via secure web pages. Underpinning the system is an environmental geographical information system (GIS) containing up-to-date data, information and models relevant to each theme. The modular system design allows new legislation and local priorities and datasets to be easily incorporated. Web technology delivers information and research data that have hitherto been difficult for the non-specialist to access and have therefore been under-exploited. The study has demonstrated a successful application of the principles of e-Governance in an area where informed decisions commonly require specialist information. The system, if rolled out nationally, offers potential economic benefits and efficiency savings for both planners and developers.

City Planning↗
PubMed1984

The space-time and systematic concepts in regional planning: the population aspect.

"The paper contends that it is possible to synthesise the various studies unilineally relating population processes to regional development into a comprehensive overview within which the process of differential regional development and planning and that of differential population levels can be universally assessed in a system framework. The paper presents a simple planning control system model of regional development based on its process and structure in space and the dynamics of population reactions over time."

Demography↗
PubMed1998

Impact of a mandatory behavioral consultation on seclusion/restraint utilization in a psychiatric hospital.

Despite demonstrations of the utility and cost effectiveness of behavioral methods for improving care for people with psychiatric impairments, they are seldom employed effectively in inpatient settings. This study evaluated the impact of an administrative procedure to effect a behavioral consultation for cases of high seclusion/restraint utilization. Seclusion/restraint use for the 53 cases was reviewed for a time period of 6 months before and 6 months after development of a behavioral treatment plan resulting from this procedure. The data revealed a 62% reduction in seclusion/restraint use after development of an approved plan. There was also a reversal in serial trend from increasing use during the months prior to plan development to decreasing use during months after plan development. The procedure is described and implications of the results for clinicians and administrators of psychiatric inpatient programs are discussed.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1990

Development of a contingency recruitment plan for a phase III chemoprevention trial of cervical dysplasia.

Development of contingency recruitment plans in cancer chemoprevention research is as important as formulation of the initial plan. We found that requesting recruitment information from our initial CTCD subjects provided a framework for our contingency plan. The revised recruitment plan consisted of: 1) calling and sending letters to community gynecologists in private practice or affiliated with HMO's to explain the study and ask for referrals; 2) continued personal contact by the principal investigator with referring physicians; 3) sending thank you and follow-up letters to every physician who referred patients to the study; 4) soliciting Papanicolaou smear reports from HMO's if physicians of women with abnormal Papanicolaou smears gave permission to pathologists to release this information; 5) utilizing free media such as feature articles on the CTCD in local papers, public service announcements, and television "spots;" 6) continued use of brochures and posters printed for the initial recruitment effort; and 7) continued presentations to local professional physician and nurse groups about the study. Our contingency plan to date has provided us with 100% of our projected accrual. Thus, our recruitment methods have proved to be effective in accruing subjects for this cancer chemoprevention trial.

Double-Blind Method↗
PubMed2001

Aspects of professional development of orthodontists in New Zealand.

Strategic planning, service development, and management by objective are approaches usually associated with corporate business. However, the New Zealand Association of Orthodontists (NZAO) is using them successfully in responding to the rapidly changing legislative, professional, and commercial environment in this country. This report gives an account of an initiative taken by NZAO in response to such changes to strengthen the professional development of practising orthodontists in New Zealand. This involved setting up a group within the Association to organise a meeting on a key issue in clinical orthodontics, using a workshop format to promote discussion and debate in place of the passive reception of information characteristic of most professional meetings. It also sought to test the feasibility of having a live keynote presentation via video-teleconference link from a speaker in the United States.

Education, Dental, Continuing↗
PubMed1984

The threshold hypothesis: evidence from less developed Latin American countries, 1950 to 1980.

Historical research among European countries finds large differences in the level of social, economic or demographic development among countries, or regions within countries at the time marital fertility rates began their decline from traditional high levels. This research tests a threshold hypothesis which holds that fertility will decline from traditional high levels if threshold levels of life expectancy and literacy are surpassed. Using a pooled regression analysis of 1950, 1960, 1970 and 1980 crude births rates (CBRs) in 20 less developed Latin American countries, in conjunction with 10-year lagged measures of social, economic and family planning program development, analyses reveal statistically significant effects of passing Beaver's (1975) threshold levels of 1950 literacy, or 1950 life expectancy, that are independent of levels of lagged literacy (or lagged life expectancy), economic and family planning program development, as well as measures that control period effects.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1984

[The development of human resources in the Americas. 1].

The first part of this paper (the second part will appear in the next issue) examines the development in the Region of manpower planning in the health field. Despite the progress made in manpower planning, training, development and utilization, especially under the stimulus of the drive to extend the coverage of health services, truly effective planning still faces major obstacles in the countries. The author describes the different kinds of personnel required for the health system and the problems created by a lack of connection between the needs of the population, economic and health policies, and the network for the training of that personnel. He finds that this lack of agreement stems from inadequate planning. Following a consideration of educational trends in Latin America, the author advocates the development of new approaches based on interdisciplinarity and leading to a greater integration of teaching and care as a means of optimal manpower planning in the health field.

Health Occupations↗
PubMed2000

Improvement of tomographic intensity modulated radiotherapy dose distributions using periodic shifting of arc abutment regions.

Based on the study of treatment arc positioning versus target length, a method that allowed periodic shift of arc abutment regions through the course of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) was developed. In this method, two treatment plans were developed for the same tumor. The first plan contained the original target (Planning Target Volume as defined by radiation oncologist) and the second one contained a modified target. The modification of the original target consisted of simply increasing its length, adding a small extension to it, or creating a distant pseudo target. These modifications cause arc abutment regions in the second plan to be shifted relative to their positions in the first plan. Different methods of target modification were investigated because in some cases (for instance, when a critical structure might overlap with the target extension) a simple extension of the target would cause an unacceptable irradiation of the sensitive structures. The dose prescribed to the modified portion of the target varied from 10% to 100% of the original target dose. It was found that a clinically significant shift (> or =5 mm) in abutment region locations occurred when the dose prescribed to the extended portion of the target was > or =95% of the original target dose. On the other hand, the pseudo target required only approximately 10% to 20% of the original target dose to produce the same shift in arc positions. Results of the film dosimetry showed that when a single plan was used for the treatment delivery, the dose nonuniformity was 17% and 25% of the prescribed dose with 0.5 and 1 mm errors in couch indexing, respectively. The dose nonuniformity was reduced by at least half when two plans were used for IMRT delivery.

Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation↗
PubMed2000

Hox C cluster genes are dispensable for overall body plan of mouse embryonic development.

Hox genes encode transcription factors which provide positional information during morphogenesis along the body axis; genetic interaction among Hox genes is thought to be necessary for correct pattern formation. One of the most curious features of the 39 vertebrate Hox genes is that they form four clusters each composed of several genes paralogous between clusters. This raises the question are all four clusters necessary for the development of vertebrates and, if so, what is the function of each cluster? To provide an answer to this question, we prepared Hox C cluster null mice utilizing the Cre-loxP system. Hox C cluster null mice, lacking all nine Hox C genes, die at the time of birth; however, the mutant pups develop to this stage with minor transformations. This development shows that the Hox C genes are dispensable for the overall body plan of mouse embryogenesis. Furthermore, transformations observed in the skeletal system of the Hox C cluster null mice are milder than those observed in the Hoxc-9 null mice, providing further evidence that at least some genes within a cluster exhibit interaction functions with each other.

Animals↗