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At least 1,765 records · Page 98Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Immunological and dermatological impact of progesterone.

C21 steroids and especially progesterone are involved in various physiological processes besides reproduction. Langerhans cells are becoming a major topic in immunology and, from this point, it is of high interest that progesterone is able to increase the number of Langerhans cells in different epithelial cells. This has an impact for a gender specificity of HIV1 infection, and also for the high premenstrual incidence of sexually transmitted diseases. Matrix metalloproteinase activity is of high physiological importance for tissue regeneration; progesterone suppresses the expression of some members of the matrix metalloproteinase super-family and reduces the collagenolytic activity. These effects can be observed during pregnancy, but are not only apparent on the myometrium; the suppressing effect of progesterone on matrix metalloproteinases can also be observed in the skin. The dermatological aspect of this observation is discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1999

In vitro release and diffusion studies of promethazine hydrochloride from polymeric dermatological bases using cellulose membrane and hairless mouse skin.

The study was designed to investigate the feasibility of developing a transdermal drug dosage form of promethazine hydrochloride (PMH). The in vitro release and diffusion characteristics of PMH from various dermatological polymeric bases were studied using cellulose membrane and hairless mouse skin as the diffusion barriers. These included polyethylene glycol (PEG), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), cross-linked microcrystalline cellulose, and carboxyl methyl cellulose sodium (Avicel CL-611), and a modified hydrophilic ointment USP. In addition, the effects of several additive ingredients known to enhance the drug release from topical formulations were evaluated. The general rank order for the drug release from these formulations using cellulose membrane was observed to be PEG > HMPC > Avicel CL-611 > hydrophilic ointment base. The inclusion of the additives had little or no effect on the drug diffusion from these bases, except for the hydrophilic ointment formulation containing 15% ethanol, which provided a significant increase in the drug release. However, when these formulations were studied for drug diffusion through the hairless mouse skin, the Avicel CL-611 base containing 15% ethanol exhibited the optimum drug release. The data also revealed that this formulation gave the highest steady-state flux, diffusion, and permeability coefficient values and correlated well with the amount of drug release.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2005

An outbreak of borderline oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (BORSA) in a dermatological unit.

From February through July, 2000, there was an accumulation of mecA-negative borderline resistant Staphylococcus aureus (BORSA) in the Department of Dermatology. BORSA was isolated in 37 samples from 11 patients. The isolates were typed by antibiogram, phage type, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and spa genotyping that confirmed that they were indistinguishable from one another. In May, 2000, an intervention was initiated focusing on infection control. In-patients with BORSA were discharged and antibiotic treatment was stopped, if possible. Emphasis was put on disinfection of shared utensils and individualization of previously shared creams and lotions. After the intervention, BORSA was isolated from another 3 patients before the outbreak was terminated. A case-control study was undertaken to identify possible risk factors for being a BORSA patient. Compared to the controls, the patients with BORSA had more severe skin disease, were more often hospitalized, and had more bed days.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Prominent osseous and unusual dermatologic manifestations of early syphilis in two patients with discordant serological statuses for human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Numerous case reports of atypical and/or severe forms of syphilis in individuals coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have led many authorities to conclude that HIV exacerbates early syphilitic infection. Herein we report prominent osseous and unusual dermatologic manifestations of early syphilis in two individuals whose serostatuses for HIV infection were discordant. Our cases emphasize the need for caution before conclusions are drawn from anecdotal data about the interactions between HIV infection and syphilis.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Isoflavone genistein: photoprotection and clinical implications in dermatology.

Genistein is a soybean isoflavone with diverse biological activities. It is a potent antioxidant, a specific inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase, and a phytoestrogen. In recent years, increasing evidence has accumulated that this natural ingredient shows preventative and therapeutic effects for breast and prostate cancers, postmenopausal syndrome, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular diseases in animals and humans. In the past decade we have conducted a series of studies and demonstrated that genistein has significant antiphotocarcinogenic and antiphotoaging effects. Genistein substantially inhibits skin carcinogenesis and cutaneous aging induced by ultraviolet (UV) light in mice, and photodamage in humans. The mechanisms of action involve protection of oxidative and photodynamically damaged DNA, downregulation of UVB-activated signal transduction cascades, and antioxidant activities. In this article, we review the biological activities of genistein, as well as published and unpublished research from our laboratory. In addition, we discuss the potential application of genistein to clinical dermatology.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

A survey of respiratory and dermatological disease in the chrome plating industry in the West Midlands, UK.

Between 1993-1995 a cross-sectional survey of 20 chrome plating companies in the West Midlands was undertaken to assess the prevalence of respiratory and dermatological disease in platers. By means of a questionnaire and clinical examination 71 platers were examined of whom 23% were found to have dermatitis at the time of the visit and 45% of companies had at least one case of dermatitis in their plating workforce. Twenty-three per cent of platers had evidence of old chrome ulceration and 13% had evidence of new and healing chrome ulcers. When the nasal passages of platers were examined 17% had inflammation and 14% had septal perforation. Those with perforations were aged less than 35 years at the time of perforation which had usually occurred in the first 10 years of exposure. Lower respiratory symptoms were rare. Guidance on the prevention of disease in this occupational group which does not always have ready recourse to experienced occupational medical advice will be discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Abnormal cervical cytology in pregnancy: a laboratory and clinical dermatologic perspective.

The dermatologic examination of the pregnant woman with abnormal cervical cytology can be a challenge to the clinician. This article explores both the laboratory and clinical examinations and the special issues of each that are affected by pregnancy. The technique of obtaining an adequate Pap test as well as guidelines on managing the abnormal Pap result will be addressed. Normal and abnormal colposcopic findings are described with reasons why they may be more difficult to differentiate in pregnancy. As long as no invasive cancer is found, the pregnancy may proceed with continued surveillance. Postpartum regression rates of intraepithelial neoplasia are high.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Dermatologic manifestations of infections in immunocompromised patients.

Thirty-one immunocompromised patients (22 renal allograft recipients, 5 patients receiving chronic corticosteroid therapy, and 4 patients undergoing chemotherapy for acute leukemia) with significant dermatologic infection, excluding typical cellulitis and herpesvirus infections, were retrospectively identified over a 12-year period. Of these 31 patients, 15 (48%) had infection restricted to their skin, 6 (19%) appeared to have primary cutaneous infection that spread hematogenously to other parts of the body, 2 (6%) had infections of adjoining nasal tissue that spread to contiguous skin, and 8 (26%) appeared to have disseminated systemic infection that spread to the skin. In six of the eight patients with apparent secondary skin involvement, the development of the cutaneous lesion was the first clinical indication of disseminated infection. Eleven immunocompromised patients (35%) with bacterial infection of the skin or subcutaneous tissue were identified. These patients could be divided into three categories: leukemic patients with bacteremic gram-negative infection metastasizing to the skin (3 cases), renal transplant recipients with recurrent staphylococcal infection on and around the elbow ("transplant elbow") or streptococcal sepsis from a site of cellulitis (5 cases), and immunocompromised patients with opportunistic bacterial infection due to Nocardia asteroides or atypical mycobacteria (3 cases). Seventeen immunocompromised patients (55%) with fungal infection of the skin or subcutaneous tissue were identified. These included 12 patients with opportunistic fungal infection (Cryptococcus neoformans, 4 cases; Aspergillus species, 3 cases; Paecilomyces, 2 cases; Rhizopus species, 2 cases; and Candida tropicalis, 1 case) and 5 patients with extensive, confluent cutaneous dermatophyte infections. One patient with protothecosis and two patients with extensive papillomavirus infection were identified. Of these latter two cases, one had his immunosuppression discontinued, with clearing of his extensive warts; the other had confluent warts of the face and neck that subsequently underwent malignant degeneration to squamous cell carcinoma while chronic immunosuppressive therapy was continued.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Focus on primary care: pruritic dermatological conditions in pregnancy.

This article reviews the literature that evaluates pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy, herpes gestationis, and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and their impact on the fetus. Using MEDLINE years 1966 to 1999, a literature search was performed using the terms pregnancy, dermatology, pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy, herpes gestationis, and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. References from the selected papers were then reviewed for additional sources. Thirty-seven studies were reviewed. Both original studies and review articles were included in the sources. The results of each study as originally reported are included to provide the reader the finding of each. The available literature reports no risk with pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy; however, the current opinion of most was that there is an increased risk with herpes gestationis and intrahepatic papules and plaques of pregnancy. Although much information is known concerning these unique conditions, a consensus regarding their effect on the fetus has yet to be reached. Pregnancies affected by herpes gestationis and cholestasis of pregnancy should be considered high risk until more definitive evidence can be gained.

Cholestasis, Intrahepatic↗
PubMed1987

Sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis: rheumatologic, radiologic, and dermatologic characteristics.

Two recently observed patients with sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis exemplify the characteristic presentation of this rheumatologic disorder. We describe its manifestations, review the literature on this subject, and discuss clinical and radiologic aspects, including the frequently associated dermatologic disorder palmoplantar pustulosis. Sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis is an increasingly common diagnosis, and practicing physicians should be aware of the distinctive features that allow accurate differentiation from psoriatic arthritis and other diseases.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1997

Serious dermatologic reactions in children.

Although serious reactions comprise only a small percentage of total adverse drug reactions, they are important in terms of morbidity and potential mortality. An update on serious dermatologic reactions in children is presented including serum sickness-like reactions due to cefaclor, hypersensitivity syndrome reactions (HSRs), and drug-induced pseudoporphyria. More detailed information on minocycline-induced reactions including drug-induced lupus and HSRs and lamotrigine-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome will be discussed.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed1999

Neonatal dermatology.

Recent advances in neonatology and dermatology have provided us with a better understanding of neonatal and premature infant skin. The problems associated with immature skin become evident immediately after birth and require constant attention throughout the neonatal period. As advances in neonatal care push the gestational age of viability lower, skin maturation and function become increasingly important clinical problems. Premature skin immaturity contributes to elevated water loss, problems with electrolytes and thermoregulation, increased risk of local or systemic infection, increased uptake of potentially toxic agents, and vulnerability to trauma. This review discusses the unique nature of dermal structure and function in very low birth weight infants, evidence of mechanical fragility, toxicity of various topical agents, and the use of emollients. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Navy or Department of Defense.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Dermatologic surgical implications of allergic contact dermatitis.

BACKGROUND: Dermatologic surgery is a common practice among dermatologists; consequently, there is an increased number of exposures to potential contact allergens in the surgical setting. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to alert the clinician to the most common allergens associated with the use of surgical products. CONCLUSIONS: Increased awareness will lead to early diagnosis and allergen avoidance.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adverse dermatologic effects of cardiovascular drug therapy: part I.

Cardiovascular disease is common, affecting an increasing number of persons as the population ages. To combat this growing health problem, physicians use a multitude of medications in the treatment of their patients. Although pharmacologic therapy greatly enhances quality of life for a majority of patients, there is always the potential for an unfavorable reaction. For example, cardiovascular drugs can induce a vast array of adverse dermatologic responses. This article reviews the various cutaneous reaction patterns that can occur as a result of treatment with Class I and II antiarrhythmic agents.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adverse dermatologic effects of cardiovascular drug therapy: part II.

Cardiovascular disease is common, affecting an increasing number of persons as the population ages. To combat this growing health problem, physicians use a multitude of medications in the treatment of their patients. Although pharmacologic therapy greatly enhances quality of life for a majority of patients, there is always the potential for an unfavorable reaction. For example, cardiovascular drugs can induce a vast array of adverse dermatologic responses. This article reviews the various cutaneous reaction patterns that can occur as a result of treatment with class III, IV, and other antiarrhythmic agents, ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor blockers, and diuretics.

Cardiovascular Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adverse dermatologic effects of cardiovascular drug therapy: part III.

Cardiovascular disease is common, affecting an increasing number of persons as the population ages. To combat this growing health problem, physicians use a multitude of medications in the treatment of their patients. Although pharmacologic therapy greatly enhances quality of life for a majority of patients, there is always the potential for an unfavorable reaction. For example, cardiovascular drugs can induce a vast array of adverse dermatologic responses. This article reviews the various cutaneous reaction patterns that can occur as a result of treatment with vasodilators and other antihypertensive drugs, anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs, thrombolytic agents, and lipid-lowering agents.

Cardiovascular Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Association between poorer quality of life and psychiatric morbidity in patients with different dermatological conditions.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between skin-related quality of life and psychiatric morbidity in patients with different skin conditions. METHODS: We recruited all adults attending the outpatient clinics of the Dermatological Institute IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy, during 14 predetermined days. Eligible patients, who gave their informed consent, completed the Skindex-29 and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). We used a stringent cut-off threshold (> or =5 on the GHQ-12) for identification of psychiatric morbidity. Skindex-29 scale scores were computed separately for GHQ noncases and GHQ cases. RESULTS: A total of 2,136 patients were included in the analysis. For all skin conditions, GHQ cases had substantially poorer score in all 3 domains of quality of life, Symptoms, Emotions, and Functioning. Most differences remained significant after adjusting for clinical severity, age, sex, and education in multiple regression models. These differences were not as marked in the Symptoms scale for some conditions known to be nearly asymptomatic (eg, alopecia, vitiligo, nevi), suggesting that, although patients with psychiatric morbidity might be more burdened by their symptoms, nevertheless they do not perceive nonexistent symptoms. CONCLUSION: In most skin conditions we considered, psychiatric morbidity was strongly associated with poorer quality of life. Although the cross-sectional nature of our study does not allow identification of the direction of this association, care for the psychological condition of patients might have an impact on their quality of life.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Rare systemic dermatologic reaction after pneumococcal vaccine administration.

This case report describes a rare dermatologic reaction in a patient after administration of pneumococcal vaccine. A 65-year-old man developed an extensive dermatitis with pruritus, urticaria, and petechiae 1 week after receiving an intramuscular injection o the vaccine. The reaction resolved with application of topical steroids and oral diphenhydramine hydrochloride. This case report and others in the literature suggest the importance of recognizing the possibility of cutaneous adverse reactions with vaccines, such as the pneumococcal vaccine, which in general have a good safety profile.

Aged↗