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PubMed1986

Effect of early postpartum teaching on primiparas' knowledge of infant behavior and degree of confidence.

The purpose of this experimental study was to determine the effectiveness of teaching primiparous mothers about infant behavior. Experimental mothers (n = 17) received a teaching intervention representative of the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale when their infants were 2 weeks old; contrast mothers (n = 16) completed a Newborn Information Checklist about infant behavior at home two weeks postnatally; control mothers (n = 13) received neither teaching nor a checklist. At a 4-week postnatal office visit, experimental mothers had more knowledge about infant behavior than either the contrast or control mothers. There was no difference among the groups regarding maternal confidence in interpreting behavioral cues of their own infant. Contrast mothers reported wanting information about topics included in the teaching intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Safety assessment of intensive induction with vincristine, ifosfamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide (VIDE) in the treatment of Ewing tumors in the EURO-E.W.I.N.G. 99 clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The EUROpean Ewing tumour Working Initiative of National Groups 1999 (EURO-E.W.I.N.G. 99) protocol prescribes six courses of vincristine, ifosfamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide (VIDE) as intensive induction chemotherapy for Ewing tumors (ET). Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is recommended. Adverse reactions (AR) were evaluated; quality assurance of data collection reviewed. PROCEDURE: Safety data from 4,746 courses of VIDE in 851 patients less than 50 years with ET were collected using a checklist and evaluated using descriptive statistics with sub-groups including gender, age, and tumor volume, analyzed by Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS: Myelosuppression and infections were the major AR but with appropriate supportive therapy targeted dose intensity was maintained. Five VIDE-related deaths with three due to sepsis were reported. Renal and cardiac toxicity were reflected by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <39 ml/min/1.73 m2 in 0.1%, tubular phosphate reabsorption < or = 0.80 in 1.9%, and left ventricular shortening fracture <28% in 2.5% VIDE courses. Statistically significant gender-associated AR concerning hemoglobin and platelets were observed with females > males as were age-associated AR concerning hemoglobin, WBC, platelets, stomatitis, and vomiting with AR decreasing with age, that is, children > adolescents > adults. No association of AR to tumor volume was found. In VIDE courses with and without G-CSF, neutropenia-related fever in 60.8% and 65.8%, and infection in 54.7% and 61.0% courses, respectively, were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: AR under VIDE remained within the expected range. Some AR, for example, hematotoxicity were significantly influenced by age and gender but not by tumor volume. G-CSF did not significantly influence neutropenia-related fever and infection. Solicited safety collection with checklists adequately reflects the burden per course.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

What is prescription labeling communicating to doctors about hepatotoxic drugs? A study of FDA approved product labeling.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the informativeness and consistency of product labeling of hepatotoxic drugs marketed in the United States. METHODS: We searched the Physicians' Desk Reference-2000 for prescription drugs with hepatic failure and/or hepatic necrosis listed in the labeling. We used a six-item checklist to evaluate the 'informativeness' and consistency of the labeling content. An informativeness score equaled the proportion of checklist items present in each drug's labeling. RESULTS: Ninety-five prescription drugs were included in the study. Eleven (12%) of the drugs had information related to hepatic failure in a Black Boxed Warning, 52 (54%) in the Warnings section and 32 (34%) in the Adverse Reactions section of the label. The mean informativeness score was 35%; the score was significantly higher, 61%, when the risk was perceived to be high. The informativeness of labeling was not affected by the time of the labeling, but differed across the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) Review Division responsible for the labeling. CONCLUSIONS: The information provided in labeling is variable and affected by many factors, including the perceived level of risk and review division strategy. Product labeling may benefit from current FDA initiatives to improve the consistency of risk-related labeling.

Communication↗
PubMed1992

Patient acceptance and differential perceptions of quality of life measures in a French oncology setting.

A three-part study evaluated French cancer patients' acceptance of self-rated quality of life measures, the predictive value of these measures, and the agreement between patient and health provider ratings of patient quality of life. In part one, 93% of 137 patients indicated a willingness to complete the Qualite de la Vie-Questionnaire (QOL-Q) and Analogues Lineaires pour la Mesure de la Qualite de vie (LA), and 63.6% indicated a willingness to be interviewed by a psychologist. Willingness to complete the scales was related to hospitalization status and treatment modality. In parts two and three, 100 patients were asked to complete the QOL-Q, LA, the Karnofsky Index (KI) and a side-effects checklist, and to undergo a psychological interview. Following interview, a psychologist rated the patients using the QOL-Q, and classified patient level of emotional distress. Oncologists rated the patient using the KI and the side-effects checklist. The results indicate that the patients' ratings of their quality of life were higher than the psychologist's ratings, and that the QOL-Q has predictive value in identifying severe emotional distress. Low level of patient and physician agreement on the KI was partially explained by patient age and cancer site. A moderate level of agreement was found between patient and physician perceptions of side effects. The study suggests that the QOL-Q, not the LA, may be useful as a screening tool to identify patients with impaired quality of life, and that self-rated measures should be included in quality of life assessments.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The DISSA: an abridged self-administered version of the DIS. Approach by episode.

The Epidemiological Catchment Area (ECA) program is a major step in psychiatric epidemiology because it uses a structured interview: the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). This gives psychiatric diagnoses in different diagnostic systems and can be administered by lay interviewers. However many surveys on health-related topics cannot give the time needed to administer the DIS and train the personnel to use such a complex schedule as the DIS. The DISSA is a self-administered abridged form of the DIS and represents an effort to produce a short and simple instrument for three types of diagnoses: major depressive disorder, all anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety, phobias, panic) and alcohol disorders. In this paper we describe the DISSA and give preliminary evidence about its efficiency. This will be done by comparing DISSA results with clinicians judgments, the DIS and a checklist derived from HSC. The DISSA functions in a manner similar to its parent instrument but achieves this in a shorter and less costly mode. Actually the approach by episode used for assessing depression seems to work better than the DIS. Comparisons with the checklist show a clear superiority of the DISSA for depression, alcohol and anxiety disorders but not for generalized anxiety.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

An investigation of relationships between teachers' ratings of behavior and children's personality traits.

This study examined the relationships between teachers' ratings of children's behavior on the Behavior Problem Checklist and children's self-reported personality source traits on age-appropriate Personality Questionnaires. The sample consisted of 254 children from first through eighth grades and 13 teachers in a rural Maine elementary school. Analysis of the data revealed that teachers' ratings and children's self-reports in grades four through six agreed more frequently about problematic behavior than did children's self-reports and teachers self-ratings in grades one through three and seven and eight. In general, the study (1) supported the validity of teacher judgments made with the Behavior Problem Checklist, (2) demonstrated the critical need for more than one perspective when identifying and defining maladaptive behavior potentially indicative of emotional disturbance, and (3) suggested the need to increase the accuracy of teachers' perceptions and evaluations of children's behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Distractibility and hypersensitivity. Two behavior factors in elementary school children.

The present paper reports on the development of a modified problem checklist for use in normal samples of elementary school children. The two factors, Hypersensitivity and Distractibility, replicated over male and female samples. Hypersensitivity showed a significant grade effect, with a decrease between the first and second grade for both boys and girls. In contrast, boys scored higher than girls on Distractibility and there were no grade differences. Convergent validitiy data from peer judgments, in-class activity level, physical fitness measures, standardized achievement scores, and a comparison with another teacher judgment are presented. In addition, three Behavioral Problem Checklist (Quay & Peterson, 1967) dimensions, Conduct Problem, Personality Problem, and Inadequacy--Immaturity, were developed and their relationships to the independent measures, as well as to the new dimensions, are presented. The pattern of correlations of Distractibility was quite similar for boys and girls, with both being rated as Mean-Noisy by their peers. The findings for Hypersensitivity were somewhat weaker. Distractibility and Conduct Problem scores reflected a similar pattern of correlations with other variables; in a like manner, Hypersensitivity and Personality Problem scores reflected a similar pattern of correlations with other variables. Distractibility was related to an increased activity level and Hypersensitivity was related to a decreased activity level in young boys. The total number of behavior problems was related to a decrease in activity level for young girls. Older Distractible and Hypersensitive girls showed different patterns of activity level. It is proposed that problem behavior is more complex for older children and that Distractibility may be less influenced by the usual socialization process of school than is Hypersensitivity and may have some congenital antecedents.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Abusive parents' perceptions of child problem behaviors: an example of parental bias.

The behavior of children in 21 child abusive and 21 nonabusive matched comparison families were compared using home observations performed by professional independent observers and parental report measures (Becker Bipolar Adjective Checklist, Child Behavior Checklist, Parent Daily Report). Parental report measures of child conduct problems differed significantly between the two groups, independent observations showed few significant differences in rates of either child or parental behaviors. Results are discussed in terms of the validity of parental perceptions and reports of child problem behaviors, the informativeness of differing reports for diagnosis and clinical treatment, and the need to gather corroboration across various sources and settings before clinical decisions are made that may irrevocably alter a child's future development.

Child↗
PubMed1981

Behavior problems of elementary-school children.

Normative or baseline data are presented on a modified (shortened) form of the Peterson-Quay Behavior Problem Checklist. Scores on the two primary factors, Conduct and Personality, were obtained on an entire public elementary-school population (approximately 25,000 children) in a medium-sized midwestern city (Des Moines, Iowa). The data presented are categorized by sex, grade level, and intellectual level. Percentages of children checked on each checklist item and on given numbers of items are also presented.

Attention↗
PubMed1995

Measuring abuse stress and negative cognitive appraisals in child sexual abuse: validity data on two new scales.

The validity of two measures assessing degree of stress associated with sexual abuse was examined in a sample of 48 girls who had been sexually abused. The Checklist of Sexual Abuse and Related Stressors (C-SARS) assessed negative life events that were part of or were related to the abuse, and the Negative Appraisals of Sexual Abuse Scale (NASAS) assessed negative cognitive appraisals of threat, harm, or loss associated with the abuse. Total scores for victim reports of both stressful events and negative appraisals were positively and significantly related to two other measures of abuse severity: therapist ratings of abuse stress and the number of types of sexual abuse reported. Stressful event scores were also related to aggressive behavior problems, sexual concerns, and total symptom scores on the Child Behavior Checklist. Negative cognitive appraisal scores were related to victims' self-reports of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptoms, and to parents reports of child depression and total symptoms. Regression analyses indicated that there were significant effects of negative appraisals on internalizing symptoms when controlling for the level of stressful events experienced. The results suggest that negative life events and negative appraisals associated with sexual abuse are valid constructs that help account for variability in mental health outcomes among child victims. The implications of these results and future research directions in examining variable outcomes among sexual abuse victims are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Some effects of homelessness on the psychological functioning of preschoolers.

The developmental consequences of homelessness have only recently begun to be investigated. This study examined the effects of homelessness on the self-concept, behavioral symptoms, and emotional development of preschoolers. Self-concept was examined using the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Acceptance for Young Children and teachers rated behavioral symptoms using the Child Behavior Checklist. Emotional development was also examined. Results showed that homeless preschoolers have lower self-concepts and display more deviant behaviors on the Child Behavior Checklist than housed preschoolers of the same socioeconomic status. Recognition and understanding of emotion, however, were similar in both groups.

Child Behavior Disorders↗
PubMed1987

The relationship between affective and cognitive components of homophobic reaction.

The affective component of homophobia was explored by a factor-analytic study and related to the cognitive component. Eighty-one undergraduate students read an anecdote with either homosexual or heterosexual content. Subjects' affects were measured with an adjective checklist, and subjects' cognitions were measured as to their attitudes toward homosexuality with the Attitudes Toward Homosexuality Scale (ATHS). Results suggest two affective homophobia factors: homophobic anger and homophobic guilt. Homophobic anger correlates strongly with the cognitive component (ATHS), r = -0.73, whereas homophobic guilt does not correlate with the cognitive component (ATHS), r = 0.02. Homophobic guilt seems unrelated to homophobic attitude. Adjective checklists appear useful for measuring affective components of homophobia.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Childhood play activities of male and female homosexuals and heterosexuals.

This study examined the differences in childhood play behavior reported by adult male homosexuals (N = 198) and heterosexuals (N = 198) and those reported by female homosexuals (N = 198) and heterosexuals (N = 198). Two checklists with a total of 58 sports, games, and play activities were assembled: one for ages 5--8 and the other for ages 9--13. These were administered to the four samples. Monotonicity analysis (a type of factor analysis) revealed four scales within each checklist that were statistically reliable in each of the four samples. Scale and item mean comparisons revealed large significant differences between heterosexual males and females, male homosexuals and heterosexuals, and female homosexuals and heterosexuals. A majority of homosexuals reported significant degrees of cross-sex behavior in childhood play. Favorite play activities, age trends, play-related attitudes, and parent-child interactions were also examined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Psychological characteristics of a sample of male street prostitutes.

Two hundred and eleven male street prostitutes were interviewed and administered the SCL 90-R psychological symptom checklist. When compared to nonpatient normals, male prostitutes exhibited significantly higher levels of psychopathology. However, when compared to adult psychiatric outpatients, male prostitutes exhibited significantly less psychopathology on all symptom dimensions of the SCL 90-R except paranoid ideation. The male prostitutes' elevated scores on the psychological symptom checklist may reflect their response to an often dangerous and chaotic environment. However, it is as likely that their psychological functioning leads them to this particular milieu.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

Classroom behavior and children with mental retardation: comparison of children with and without ADHD.

Thirty-four children (ages 6-12 years) with moderate to borderline mental retardation were studied in a laboratory classroom setting to determine whether children identified as having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on the basis of Conners Questionnaires differed in classroom behavior. Half of the children scored 15 or greater on both the Parent and Teacher Conners; the remaining children scored 11 or less. All were participants in a Saturday Education Program serving children with mental retardation. Direct observation of the laboratory classroom documented significant differences between groups on measures of on-task behavior and fidgetiness, especially during situations where little direct teacher feedback or supervision was available. Saturday Education Program staff, while blind as to group designation, rated the two groups as differing significantly on all scales of two standardized behavior problem checklists. Checklists by parents and teachers appear to be valid measures of classroom behavior of children with moderate to borderline mental retardation.

Attention↗
PubMed1975

The systematic appraisal of cellular injury.

From a study of the ultrastructural effects of numerous injuries agents on cultured kidney and liver cells, a check-list has been drawn up which summarizes all of the changes observed in subcellular components. The checklist resembles a multiple-choice test. Its use would permit greater standardization among workers reporting ultrastructural alterations observed in injured cells. It would also increase the objectivity with which cell injury can be assessed by electron microscopy. The checklist is suitable for use in computer-based programs designed to characterize types of cellular injury and for seeking correlations in ultrastructural changes arising from different forms of treatment.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1988

Thioridazine dose effects with reference to stereotypic behavior in mentally retarded residents.

Eleven residents receiving long-term thioridazine treatment were studied while receiving their previous dose, standardized low and high doses (1.25 and 2.50 mg/kg per day), and placebo conditions. For theoretical reasons, subjects were also classified by degree of stereotypic behavior on the Fairview Problem Behavior Checklist (Barron & Sandman, 1983). Ratings of hyperactivity and self-injury were significantly lower during the higher as compared with the lower dose condition. Subjects classified as in the high-stereotypy group had significantly and substantially higher levels of maladaptive behavior on several other clinical variables. When all four drug conditions were compared, no significant drug effects were detected. However, high-stereotypy subjects responded significantly better to the drug than low-stereotypy subjects on ratings of Lethargy/Social Withdrawal and Hyperactivity on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (Aman, Singh, Stewart, & Field, 1985a). The findings were related to previous dosage research and the literature on stereotypic behavior.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗