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PubMedDate not supplied

[Daily observations (1970-1992) of fluctuations in frequency of occurrence of a sector structure in bacterial colonies selected from open air and from S. aureus cultures].

The frequencies of sector structure occurrence in different bacteria colonies (SSC) denuded from open air every day in period from 1970 to 1982 years and also in laboratory cultures Staphylococcus Aureus from 1984 to 1992 were investigated. The value SSC was expressed in percents to general number of colonies. Variations of average SSC is found out distinctly expressed opposition to 11-years cycle of Solar activity for the same period of time. The year cycle SSC was registered also with local maxima in June, August and November and global minimum in March. SSC also were observed on level of sea, on height about 1000 m over the level of sea and in gallery under the rock of thickness 1400 m (Gran Cacco, National laboratory, Assergi). The value of SSC has its maximum on height 1000 M and its minimum in gallery under the rock; it is possible, SSC depends on the intensity of space galactic rays. The results of experience, executed in April-July 1992 on cultures S.aureus have compared with average (on ten-day time periods) values for the same months of 1984-1991. Good correlation of these two curves of SSC was received. Array of measurements received from 1970 to 1992 and made conclusions can be used for long-term forecasts of cosmophysical fluctuating phenomena at least on latitude between Rome and Milano.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The connection between multiday rhythms of certain indicators of systemic and cerebral hemodynamics and autonomic function with cosmophysical rhythms in patients with essential hypertension].

Near-week and multiple of them rhythms are revealed in the dynamics of the studied biological functions and cosmophysical indices. The conception of endogenic nature of biological rhythms is discussed. It is shown that the group of people sick with essential hypertension is divided into three subgroups according to the type of link of biological rhythms with the cosmophysical; hypersynchronous, moderate synchronous, and asynchronous. It is suggested that the type of link with external factors is attributed by the of interaction of various function in the organism.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Nonperturbative methods in HZE propagation.

An analytical solution to the perturbative multiple collision series of a fragmenting HZE ion beam has limited usefulness since the first collision term has several hundred contributions, the second collision term has tens of thousands of contributions, and each successive collision term progresses to unwieldy computational proportions. Our previous work has revealed the multiple collision terms in the straight-ahead approximation to be simple products of a spatially dependent factor times a linear energy-dependent factor of limited domain and unit normalization. The properties of these forms allow the development of the nonperturbative summation of the series to all orders assuming energy-independent nuclear cross sections as matrix products of a scaled Green's function described herein. This nonperturbative Green's function with multiple scattering correction factors compares well with experiments using 670 MeV/u neon-20 ion beams in thick water targets.

Cosmic Radiation↗
PubMed1993

Space microbiology--lethality, mutagenicity and cytological effects of terrestrial microorganisms by irradiation of cosmic proton under simulated space condition.

We have been discussing in connection with a space quarantine. The subject is not merely an academic problem, but it contains a fundamental problem which avoid the contamination of other planets by terrestrial microflora. The space environments in the solar system were simulated by using an apparatus of cryostat (low temperature of 110-310K, high vacuum of 1 x 10(-8) torr) and proton irradiation from the Van de Graaff generator. After exposure to a barrage of protons corresponding to about 250 years in solar space, Tobacco mosaic virus, Bacillus subtilis spore, Staphylococcus aureus. Micrococcusflavus, Clostridium mangenoti spore and Aspergillus niger spore showed considerably high survival rates. Furthermore, it was found firstly that an irradiation of proton induced considerable mutation frequency compared to that of spontaneous and caused also the cytological effects based on a damage of chromosome.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of heliogeophysical parameters on the ecological situation].

In the present work the possible connections of the variations of heliogeophysical parameters with the some biospherical processes are investigated. The correlation of road-transport accidents, development of some human illnesses and the character of behaviour of epizootic plague centers with variations of this heliogeophysical parameters are considered. The usage of the study of variations of the spectral power of cosmic rays for prediction of state of near cosmic space is discussed.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of interplanetary and geomagnetic disturbances on the increase in number of clinically serious medical pathologies (myocardial infarct and stroke)].

We determined with high accuracy the effect in intense geomagnetic storms on myocardial infarction an brain-stroke pathologies. We analysed the large set of data collected in Moscow from 1979 to 1981, we cleaned up the data by the first harmonic of the annual variation, and by the first three harmonics of the 7-day variations (7.0; 3.5; 2.3 days). We found that geomagnetic storms, producing large decreases in the cosmic ray intensity, increase the infarction rate by a factor 1.13 with a statistical confidence of 9 sigma and the brain stroke rate by a factor 1.07 with a statistical confidence of 4.5 sigma.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1995

[Biological effect of cosmic rays induced in embryo tissues of Arabidopsis seeds exposed in Cosmos-2044 (Bion-9)].

This paper presents the results of evaluation of the biological effect induced by cosmic rays in embryo tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds exposed in Biocosmos-9 (BION-9). The experiment was carried out in cooperation with the Botanical Institute and the Institute of nuclear Physics of J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany using the Biostack system. The data ere obtained in Moscow 4 months and 3 years after the flight. It was shown that in Arabidopsis seeds exposed outside BION-9 the effect evaluated by all the biological criteria used was higher than in seeds exposed inside BION-9. In some characters the effect in the latter did not differ from that in control seeds but in others (black spots, tumors, mutations) it was higher. In tetraploid line the per cent of plants with tumors was higher than in diploid line. The differences observed can be explained by the fact that the total dose of irradiation and the flow of heavy ions were significantly higher outside than inside BION-9. The data obtained cooperatively with German colleagues showed that the seeds hit by heavy ion could not practically develop in the normal way. It was noted that after prolonged storage of seeds after the flight the biological effect in control seeds and in seeds exposed inside BION-9 did not change, and increased in seeds exposed outside BION-9.

Cosmic Radiation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the signal-to-noise ratio--"Kullback information"--in the spectrum of cardiointervals in arterial hypertension patients depending on cosmophysical factors].

It was shown that Kullback information (In) that is registered in a cardiogram, for example, during the arterial hypertension crisis can be used in medicinal diagnostics. Periods of In fluctuations from 2 to 12 days were revealed; some factors that influence In are shown to have a cosmophysical nature.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Lethal manifestations of meteorological and cosmic factors].

Data on mortality in Moscow region during 1977 to 1996 reveal that total mortality per 1000 citizens is 3 to 4 times less than it occurred at the beginning of XX century. Catalogue of intense geomagnetic storms is compiled for 1867 to 1996. Separation of data for geomagnetic-quiet and stormy years has shown that mortality during stormy years is increased by 30% as compared with quiet years. Seasonal variations of geomagnetic storms and mortality during quiet years reaches maxima near equinoxes but the peaks of mortality during stormy years are shifted towards the summer and winter. Lethal manifestations of the weather anomalies are less pronounced than the space storms: impact of precipitation anomalies on death-rate is negligible at the given area, the air temperature decrease is followed by enhancement of the death-rate by 10% during autumn while warming led to enhancement of the death-rate by 10% for winter, spring and summer and average for a year.

Cosmic Radiation↗
PubMed1999

In-flight measurements of radiation fields and doses.

The cosmic ray field at civil aviation altitudes consists of low-ionising radiations and neutrons with different energies. At the meeting on radiation exposure of civil air-crew held in Luxembourg in 1991, it was pointed out that there was a need to obtain a better evaluation of the dose with special regard to that of high energy neutrons. This problem has been tackled within the multinational research programmes of the Commission of the European Communities. These research activities made it possible to set up and calibrate the most advanced systems for the assessment of the occupational exposure of aircraft crew. In particular, two advanced neutron spectrometers have been developed, which cover the entire energy range of neutrons. Under the CEC contracts, a large variety of data has been gathered on many longhaul flights, using different dosimetric systems. Since most of the data have been gathered during the period of solar minimum (1994-1997) they represent an upper limit of the dose due to galactic cosmic rays.

Aircraft↗
PubMed1996

Microdosimetric-based risk factors for radiation received in space activities during a trip to Mars.

A system for evaluating quality factors, Q, based on the microdosimetric distribution of the radiation field of interest has been set up; it makes use of a specific quality function (SQF) to obtain--given microdosimetric spectra--values for Q. The advantages of a system based on lineal energy are well recognized. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that spectra in 1-microm diameter tissue-equivalent spherical volumes reproduce correctly (in the sense of this formalism) measured RBE values, and thus a proportional counter would be usable as a practical instrument for radiation protection. All specific quality functions, q(y), available to date have been calculated from in vitro cellular data. To extend this approach to radiations of interest in space activities we have recently obtained a new function q(y) for in vivo radiogenic neoplasia using data on the Harderian gland of the mouse. These data were obtained for charged particles and energies relevant to space exposures. Furthermore, we introduce a new procedure that allows one to obtain--here with the use of microdosimetric distributions for the Hiroshima-Nagasaki radiation fields--risk factors scaled from the A-bomb survivorship results. We apply these concepts to particles and energies representing the galactic spectrum. We estimate that for a trip to Mars (450 d) the excess lifetime cancer mortality due to galactic cosmic ray (GCR) radiation is 0.037. This is about 50% lower than the risk coefficient obtained with the aid of standard (LET-based) quality factors.

Aerospace Medicine↗