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Results for “CONDITIONED REFLEX”

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PubMedDate not supplied

[The differences between sexes and strains in the capacity to acquire a passive avoidance conditioned reflex in KLA- and KHA-strain rats].

The interstrain differences in passive avoidance conditioning were studied in male and female KHA (Koltushi High Avoidance) and KLA (Koltushi Low Avoidance) rats. These strains were selected for the rate of acquisition of active avoidance in a shuttle box. It was shown that the passive avoidance was substantially better acquired in the KLA strain than in the KHA. In females KHA rats the capability for passive avoidance conditioning depended on the estrus phase: the conditioning was impossible in proestrus.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Neuronal reactions of the substantia innominata in the cat during an instrumental conditioned reflex].

Neuronal impulse activity in the substantia innominata has been studied in cats during conditional placing with food reinforcement. 44.3% of neurons changed their activity in trained cats. Activity of 24.3 neurons correlated with conditional sound stimuli. Reactions correlating with the conditional movement were weak. The most intensive and prolonging response was observed during food reinforcement. In some cases this reaction appeared 500 ms before the reinforcement. It is assumed that involvement of cholinergic neurons of the substantia innominata in reinforcement assisted trace phenomenon maintenance in neocortex neurons.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Participation of frontal lobe neurons in the organization of successive inhibition and disinhibition of conditioned reflexes in the dog].

Neuronal activity in g. proreus was studied during classical secretory conditioning and its differentiation in dogs. Three types of changes in neuronal reaction pattern were identified during differential conditioned stimulus compared to the pattern observed during positive conditioned stimulus. It has been shown that signal significance of the conditioned stimulus may be coded by specific distribution of interspike intervals in response to different conditioned stimuli. In situation of successive inhibition or disinhibition of the differentiation some neurones displayed simultaneous appearance of interspike intervals specific for responses to current and previously presented conditioned stimuli.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1984

[Responses of limbic cortex neurons in the cat during performance of an instrumental conditioned reflex].

Neuronal impulse activity in areas 24 and 32 was studied in cats during conditional placing. Activity of different neurons in the limbic cortex of trained cats correlated with acoustic stimuli, movement reactions and in some cases with reinforcement. Only 16% neurons of untrained animals responded to acoustic stimulations. After training the number of neurons responding to sound increased in area 32 to 51.3%. 34.6% of neurons responded by initial excitation and 26.7% by inhibition of impulse activity. Latencies of these responses were about 50 ms, their duration--up to 200 ms. Similar, but less noticeable responses were found in neurons of area 24. Short latency activation responses to conditional and differentional stimulations did not differ essentially. It is assumed that limbic cortex after conditioning can facilitate acceptability of both conditional and differential signals irrespective of their functional role.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Late components of evoked potentials in cortical projections of paired stimuli during elaboration of an alimentary conditioned reflex to electric stimulation of the lateral geniculate body].

In the process of alimentary conditioning to the stimulation of LGB the late positive-negative complex appears or increases in the EPs of the visual and sensorimotor cortical areas. Its parameters differ during isolated and combined actions of the conditioned and reinforcing stimuli. The changes in EPs in the studied cortical areas are discussed in the aspect of two-way conditioned connections.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Behavioral and electrophysiologic reactions during transformation of heterogeneous conditioned reflexes].

A successive transformation of the signal meaning (defensive to alimentary), first of situational stimuli and then of phasic (triggering) conditioned stimulus (clicks), was performed on dogs with elaborated defensive motor reflexes. In the course of the transformation, a new kind of behaviour is formed due to an interaction of tonic and phasic stimuli; it is manifested in a complex of somatic, vegetative and bioelectrical reactions to the action of the conditioned stimulus and during intersignal periods. The heterogenous defensive alimentary meaning of clicks is reflected in EPs of the auditory and somatosensory cortical areas, primarily in differences in the amplitude of the second positive oscillation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Emotional stress during conditioned reflex transformation of heterogeneous instrumental reflexes].

The factors leading to pronounced emotional stress accompanied by changes in electrical activity of hippocampus were studied in four dogs during elaboration of conditioned switching-over of heterogeneous instrumental reflexes. Objectively recorded signs of emotional stress were observed in two cases: when the animal was not accurate enough in discerning defensive and alimentary situations and throughout the improvement of instrumental defensive reflex. Pronouncement of hippocampal theta-rhythm increased at those stages of switching-over elaboration where the probability of successful avoiding pain stimulation was relatively low. The data obtained permit the conclussion that theta-rhythm is the correlate of the degree of the emotional stress and not only a manifestation of general arousal reaction depending on the level of sensory input.

Animals↗