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At least 1,765 records · Page 98Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Andropause: an old concept in new clothing.

There is increasing evidence that the common condition of hypogonadism in older men when associated with symptoms responds well to testosterone replacement. Over the last few years there has been a marked increase in the awareness and treatment of the andropause [137]. Long-term side effects of testosterone are uncertain with only eight people over 50 years having been studied for 10 years [138]. Testosterone needs to be considered a quality-of-life drug, similar to sildenafil, and at present it should be used only if it produces symptomatic improvement. There is a need for a men's health study to determine the long-term efficacy and safety of testosterone replacement in older persons.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Physician impact analysis predictions in Ontario hospitals: does the emperor have clothes?

Physician impact analysis (PIA) is a human resource planning tool used to predict the impact on hospital resources of adding a new or replacement physician to a hospital's medical staff. This article describes the findings of a study which examined the extent to which PIAs are used in Ontario acute care hospitals and the accuracy of PIA predictions. The results suggest that although PIA appears to be widely used, there is no evidence that it meets the intended policy objective of accurately predicting physician hospital resource use.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed2003

beta-Blockers in hypertension-the emperor has no clothes: an open letter to present and prospective drafters of new guidelines for the treatment of hypertension.

Over the past decade, national and international guidelines have proposed beta-blockers to be used on an equal footing with diuretics for initial therapy of hypertension. This preferred status was supposedly based on evidence documenting a reduction in morbidity and mortality with beta-blocker therapy in hypertension. We systematically analyzed all available outcome studies and found no evidence that beta-blocker based therapy, despite lowering blood pressure, reduced the risk of heart attacks or strokes. Despite the inefficacy of beta-blockers, the incidence of adverse effects is substantial. In the MRC study, for every heart attack or stroke prevented, three patients withdrew from atenolol because of impotence, and another seven withdrew because of fatigue. Thus the risk/benefit ratio of beta-blockers is characterized by lack of efficacy and multiple adverse effects. Given that many thorough, prospective, randomized trials attest to efficacy and safety of diuretics, calcium antagonists, ACE inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor inhibitors, the time has come to admit that beta-blockers should no longer be considered appropriate for first-line therapy in uncomplicated hypertension.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1996

Co-metabolism: is the emperor wearing any clothes?

Co-metabolism is a term used for biochemically undefined observations in catabolic enzyme substrate specificity, the interplay between enzyme specificity and metabolic regulation, the metabolic interdependence of microorganisms, and co-substrate requirements in the catabolism of xenobiotic compounds. Recent findings in these four areas of microbial biochemistry necessitate a re-evaluation of the widespread use of the term.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2002

BSE - a wolf in sheep's clothing?

The entire sheep flock in the UK has been threatened with slaughter if BSE is found in farmed sheep, largely on the grounds that an epidemic of BSE in sheep could be harder to contain than was the case for cattle, and that lamb could present a greater risk to consumers than beef. However, identifying BSE in a sheep is not straightforward, because of its similarities to the related disease, scrapie. Here, we review the likelihood that any UK sheep have BSE, how they might have got it, how a case could be identified and what the Government is doing in terms of surveillance and possible control methods.

Alleles↗
PubMed2003

When the lymphocyte loses its clothes.

The type II bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS) or major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) deficiency is a severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) that is characterized by the absence of constitutive and inducible expression of MHCII determinants on immune cells. Four complementation groups of BLS have been defined, and they result from mutations in DNA-bound activators and the coactivator for MHCII transcription. Recently, all complementation groups of BLS patients have been accounted for. Studies of the syndrome and specific mutations reveal important lessons for the genetics of the immune response.

Ankyrin Repeat↗
PubMed1997

Sick building syndrome--a wolf in sheep's clothing.

OBJECTIVE: Reading this article will acquaint the reader with possible outcomes associated with the diagnosis of "sick building syndrome." The definition, epidemiology, and precipitating events of this symptom complex are distinguished from other defined building-related illnesses. DATA SOURCE: The author's experience with many patients presenting with this diagnostic label and selected studies on indoor pollution and "sick building syndrome" are carefully reviewed. STUDY SELECTION: Pertinent scientific investigations on "sick building syndrome" and previously published reviews on this and related subjects that met the educational objectives were critically reviewed. RESULTS: "Sick building syndrome" is a pseudodiagnosis composed of nonspecific, transient symptoms without proven biologic markers. Its application in the clinical setting invites frequent subsequent linkage to other similar vague diagnoses associated with chronic debility and lack of therapeutic intervention. CONCLUSION: The reader is encouraged to avoid the use of this term in favor of a simpler, descriptive diagnosis (e.g., transient office-related annoyance and/or irritation) or if this seems inadequate, adoption of the diagnostic label of "idiopathic building intolerance."

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The analysis and comparison of blue wool fibre populations found at random on clothing.

Fifty-eight garments were taped and searched for mid to dark blue wool fibres. These were then removed from the tapings, mounted on slides and examined using a high-power microscope (400x). A total of 2,740 blue wool fibres were identified and visible range microspectrophotometry (MSP) was performed on them. Three hundred independent blue wool populations were identified on 56 of the 58 garments searched. The lack of control fibres meant the spectral range of each population was unknown. The number of populations may have been underestimated by grouping together the fibres that had broad single peaks and a lack of distinguishing features in the spectra. Although blue wool is considered to be a common fibre type, 300 unique spectral shapes were identified by the use of microspectrophotometry alone. This demonstrates that the dyes used in the dyeing of blue wool are variable. Showing that many different populations of blue wool occur on a range of garments should ensure that the forensic scientist does not underestimate or understate the strength of evidence in cases where blue wool is found. Hopefully this work will enlighten scientists and enable them to also assess the true value of their findings when other commonly occurring fibres are encountered.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Beware of frontal lobe deficits in hippocampal clothing.

The Wisconsin card-sorting test (WCST) is a commonly used clinical tool for the detection of frontal lobe dysfunction, specifically executive dysfunction. Patients with lesions outside the frontal lobes sometimes show deficits on the WCST, however, and some researchers have implicated hippocampal dysfunction as the cause of the deficit. But a critical role for the hippocampus seems to be untenable because amnesic patients with bilateral medial temporal lobe (MTL) lesions perform the WCST normally. In the case of epileptic patients, an alternative explanation of the card-sorting impairment is the propagation of abnormal discharges from MTL to frontal lobe structures, causing remote interference with executive circuits.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

The preattentive emperor has no clothes: a dynamic redressing.

Preattentive models of early vision have not been supported by the evidence. Instead, an input filtering system, which is dynamically reconfigured so as to optimize performance on the task at hand, is proposed. As a case in point, the authors examined Sagi and Julesz's (1985a) claim that detection tasks are processed preattentively and efficiently (shallow search slopes), whereas discrimination tasks require focal attention and yield inefficient steep slopes. In 5 visual search experiments, efficiency was found to depend not on the nature of the task but on whether the task is single or dual. The second component of a dual task, whether detection or discrimination, is performed inefficiently if it does not fit the configuration of the input system, which had been set optimally for the first component. But, even the second component is processed efficiently if there is enough time to reconfigure the system after processing the first component.

Attention↗