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PubMed1985

Implications of the new technology for pharmacy education and practice.

Educators and practitioners in the health professions are faced with two questions as they attempt to adapt to changes brought by new technology. What is the nature of the technology? and What are the implications for education and practice? The present paper directs these questions to pharmacy in a three-part discussion: the implications of the technology; the relevant technology presented as brief, descriptive vignettes; and comments on the apparent problems which are created by technological change. The implications are presented first, as a set of general guidelines, second, the implications for the knowledge and skill components of education and practice, and third, as attitudes required by pharmacists and pharmacy students. The paper concludes with a list of still unanswered questions relative to the future.

Computers↗
PubMed1989

The computerized audiology clinic.

Computer-assisted audiologic testing is undergoing a transition from laboratory settings to audiology clinics, resulting in increased accuracy, efficiency, and sophistication in the evaluation and treatment of patients. The computerized clinic also offers superior information storage and analysis capabilities and increasingly significant economic advantages. Implementation of new test techniques with software modification, rather than expensive new electronic instrumentation, is an advantage unique to the computer-based audiologic system. Decisions regarding the selection from a variety of system architecture designs and human interface schemes are critically important and unique to this new technology. The replacement of traditional audiometric instruments with computer-controlled systems will accelerate as system sophistication increases and cost continues to decrease.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed1988

[The financing of medico-technical activities. The example of a scanner in France (1986)].

To analyse the french methods for financing technical-medical activities as CT scanners, and to assess if they can face, or not, the management constraints of such activities a financial simulation has been executed. First, current expenditures are totalized (including depreciations and financial charges) with variations according to the number of examinations per year. Costs are classified especially according to fixed and variable charges: the weight of fixed charges, especially equipment charges, is the most significant. It's very high in yearly expenditures. Most, that involves a very fast decreasing cost with increasing number of procedures. Second, consequences of such accounts are analyzed: on private CT scanners, Payed with a charge per examination whatever would be the factor's cost; on public CT scanners, payed with an annual allowance; in this case charges equal receipts whatever would be the cost for a procedure. Third, a break point is defined; either the annual activity is higher: there would be an excedent; either it is lower: there would be a deficit. Then, those results are reported to CT-scanners activity's data in France (1986). After all, we discuss about financing systems themselves, and suggest a few hypothesis to explain those desadjustments between charges and their financing way.

Financial Management↗