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At least 1,747 records · Page 97Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Hallucinations that comfort: contextual mediation of deathbed visions.

A sample of 49 accounts of deathbed visions from Barrett's 1926 classic collection were analyzed using the classification scheme for contextual variables proposed recently by Lange, Houran, Harte, and Havens. Consistent with previous research, the contents of the contextual variables operating during these deathbed visions were consistent with the contents of the percipients' experiences. In addition, contextual variables were related to the modalities of the experience, e.g., visual, auditory, and sensed presences, as well as the number of contents, e.g., deceased relatives, angelic beings, and the perception of symbolic borders or limits including water and heavenly gates, as perceived during the dying process. These findings are consistent with the interpretation that deathbed visions are comforting hallucinations and that contextual variables serve to structure these otherwise ambiguous experiences.

Death↗
PubMed2004

Development and validation of equations utilizing lamb vision system output to predict lamb carcass fabrication yields.

This study was performed to validate previous equations and to develop and evaluate new regression equations for predicting lamb carcass fabrication yields using outputs from a lamb vision system-hot carcass component (LVS-HCC) and the lamb vision system-chilled carcass LM imaging component (LVS-CCC). Lamb carcasses (n = 149) were selected after slaughter, imaged hot using the LVS-HCC, and chilled for 24 to 48 h at -3 to 1 degrees C. Chilled carcasses yield grades (YG) were assigned on-line by USDA graders and by expert USDA grading supervisors with unlimited time and access to the carcasses. Before fabrication, carcasses were ribbed between the 12th and 13th ribs and imaged using the LVS-CCC. Carcasses were fabricated into bone-in subprimal/primal cuts. Yields calculated included 1) saleable meat yield (SMY); 2) subprimal yield (SPY); and 3) fat yield (FY). On-line (whole-number) USDA YG accounted for 59, 58, and 64%; expert (whole-number) USDA YG explained 59, 59, and 65%; and expert (nearest-tenth) USDA YG accounted for 60, 60, and 67% of the observed variation in SMY, SPY, and FY, respectively. The best prediction equation developed in this trial using LVS-HCC output and hot carcass weight as independent variables explained 68, 62, and 74% of the variation in SMY, SPY, and FY, respectively. Addition of output from LVS-CCC improved predictive accuracy of the equations; the combined output equations explained 72 and 66% of the variability in SMY and SPY, respectively. Accuracy and repeatability of measurement of LM area made with the LVS-CCC also was assessed, and results suggested that use of LVS-CCC provided reasonably accurate (R2 = 0.59) and highly repeatable (repeatability = 0.98) measurements of LM area. Compared with USDA YG, use of the dual-component lamb vision system to predict cut yields of lamb carcasses improved accuracy and precision, suggesting that this system could have an application as an objective means for pricing carcasses in a value-based marketing system.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

The Müller-Lyer illusion in touch and vision: implications for multisensory processes.

In six experiments, we used the Müller-Lyer illusion to investigate factors in the integration of touch, movement, and spatial cues in haptic shape perception, and in the similarity with the visual illusion. Latencies provided evidence against the hypothesis that scanning times explain the haptic illusion. Distinctive fin effects supported the hypothesis that cue distinctiveness contributes to the illusion, but showed also that it depends on modality-specific conditions, and is not the main factor. Allocentric cues from scanning an external frame (EF) did not reduce the haptic illusion. Scanning elicited downward movements and more negative errors for horizontal convergent figures and more positive errors for vertical divergent figures, suggesting a modality-specific movement effect. But the Müller-Lyer illusion was highly significant for both vertical and horizontal figures. By contrast, instructions to use body-centered reference and to ignore the fins reduced the haptic illusion for vertical figures in touch from 12.60% to 1.7%. In vision, without explicit egocentric reference, instructions to ignore fins did not reduce the illusion to near floor level, though external cues were present. But the visual illusion was reduced to the same level as in touch with instructions that included the use of body-centered cues. The new evidence shows that the same instructions reduced the Müller-Lyer illusion almost to zero in both vision and touch. It suggests that the similarity of the illusions is not fortuitous. The results on touch supported the hypothesis that body-centered spatial reference is involved in integrating inputs from touch and movement for accurate haptic shape perception. The finding that explicit egocentric reference had the same effect on vision suggests that it may be a common factor in the integration of disparate inputs from multisensory sources.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

A crossmodal attentional blink between vision and touch.

There is currently a great deal of interest regarding the possible existence of a crossmodal attentional blink (AB) between audition and vision. The majority of evidence now suggests that no such crossmodal deficit exists unless a task switch is introduced. We report two experiments designed to investigate the existence of a crossmodal AB between vision and touch. Two masked targets were presented successively at variable interstimulus intervals. Participants had to respond either to both targets (experimental condition) or to just the second target (control condition). In Experiment 1, the order of target modality was blocked, and an AB was demonstrated when visual targets preceded tactile targets, but not when tactile targets preceded visual targets. In Experiment 2, target modality was mixed randomly, and a significant crossmodal AB was demonstrated in both directions between vision and touch. The contrast between our visuotactile results and those of previous audiovisual studies is discussed, as are the implications for current theories of the AB.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The importance of controlled illumination in color vision testing in a pediatric ophthalmology clinical practice.

The AO-HRR pseudoisochromatic plates are commonly used for color vision testing in pediatric ophthalmology; however, the recommended procedure for obtaining proper illumination (a completely darkened room and standard illuminant) is typically not followed. To evaluate the role of the illuminant in clinical testing with the AO-HRR, 132 children, ages 3 to 16 years, were tested with and without the recommended illuminant (MacBeth Easel Lamp) and with the self-illuminated APT-5 Color Vision Tester. Twenty-two failed the AO-HRR with the recommended illuminant; 28 failed the AO-HRR without the illuminant. Only 13 failed the APT-5. The Cochran Q test for three related samples showed that the differences among the three groups were significant (Q = 17.1, P < .001). Diagnostic evaluation following clinical screening indicated that the differences among the tests were primarily due to false alarms, which were greatest without the recommended illuminant and least with the APT-5. These results demonstrate the importance of controlled illumination in color vision testing, either by using the recommended illumination with the AO-HRR or a self-illuminated test such as the APT-5.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Perceptual conflict between vision and touch.

Although most of the studies support the conclusion that a perceptual conflict may be resolved in the visual dominance, a few suggest its prematurity and methodological problems. In the present study, the conflict was made by the instruction and the trick in order to keep the S's naivety, and the degree of conflict was varied. wthe visual comparison (vision), the haptic comparison (touch), the visual-haptic comparison (drawing by a pencil), and the haptic-visual comparison (production by the plasticine) were used as the comparison procedures. The result was that the perceptual conflict was resolved in a compromise between vision and touch. However, as the degree of conflict became greater, the judgements in the conflict tended to depend upon the comparison procedures. And in such a conflict taht the visual size was smaller than the tactual, the vision dominance tended to occur, and vice versa.

Discrimination, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Establishing a shared vision in your organization. Winning strategies to empower your team members.

Today's health-care climate demands that you manage your human resources more effectively. Meeting the dual challenges of providing more with less requires that you tap the vast hidden resources that reside in every one of your team members. Harnessing these untapped energies requires that all of your employees clearly understand the purpose, direction, and the desired future state of your laboratory. Once this image is widely shared, your team members will know their roles in the organization and the contributions they can make to attaining the organization's vision. This shared vision empowers people and enhances their self-esteem as they recognize they are accomplishing a worthy goal. You can create and install a shared vision in your laboratory by adhering to a five-step process. The result will be a unity of purpose that will release the untapped human resources in your organization so that you can do more with less.

Communication↗
PubMed1999

Developing a mission, vision, and philosophy in the new context of cultural diversification.

This article is about the blending of a mission, vision, and philosophy of care by two systems of health care that are both rich in history and vision. The unique qualities of each hospital are described. The diversified cultures of each organization are discussed in terms of reaching a final decision regarding the joint vision, philosophy of care, and mission of the system that has been redesigned.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Communicating with laser vision correction patients.

Laser vision correction or LASIK has a long and excellent history with significant benefits and unlikely risks. Adequately educating patients should allay their fears and allow good candidates to enjoy the life changing benefits of improvement in the natural vision through laser vision correction.

Communication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contact lens alternatives to laser vision correction.

As is evident from the various options discussed, patients have endless choices to correct their vision--everything from refractive surgery to high-tech contact lenses to the latest innovations in glasses. People who do not want to wear glasses can select from a wide assortment of contact lenses that provide exceptional vision, comfort, and convenience at an affordable price. Patients who never could wear contact lenses before because of having dry eyes or astigmatism or needing bifocals now can wear them because of advances in medical technology. In addition, patients who do not want to wear either glasses or contact lenses can opt for refractive surgery to correct their vision. The goal of this article is not to push patients towards any particular route but to let them know of all the choices available. Patients must weigh all of the options, including cost, convenience, and long-term stability, and then make a choice. As with anything else, nothing is without risk or price. It is up to each individual patient to weigh the risks and benefits and decide what option to choose. The best thing for a patient to do when considering any of these options is to make an appointment with his or her eye doctor and together make an informed decision about which option is the best for the patient.

Contact Lenses↗
PubMed2001

[Study on FM100-HUE color vision in male workers exposed to lower concentration of carbon disulfide].

The effect of CS2 on color vision in workers exposed to CS2 was explored. The color discrimination in 191 exposed and 93 non-exposed male workers was studied by a Farnsworth Munsell 100-HUE (FM100-HUE) test. The results showed that the time weighted average (TWA) concentration of CS2, determined by Japan GC-17A gas chromatography, was (14.75 +/- 6.89) mg/m3 in a long rayon workshop and (16.30 +/- 5.42) mg/m3 in a short rayon workshop. Higher FM100-HUE color vision score was often in the exposed group (106.9) than in the controls (78.3). The discrimination to green and blue zone was also significantly impaired (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the color vision was disturbed in workers exposed to CS2. The workers should be followed by health surveillance.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Civilian use of night vision goggles.

Civil aviation operators have expressed an increased interest in conducting night operations with night vision imaging systems. The development of special operational concepts, hardware requirements, training requirements, and regulatory change and oversight is necessary to control for the known performance constraints associated with these devices. In 2001, the Aerospace Medical Association initiated an internal request to review the human factors issues concerning the use of night vision goggles (NVGs) in civilian flight operations. This paper provides some basic information on night vision imaging systems to highlight the Association's position for supporting the appropriate use of NVGs in civilian aviation while concurrently expressing the need for a judicious and studied approach to their deployment.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed2003

Eye movement, vection, and motion sickness with foveal and peripheral vision.

BACKGROUND: Both motion sickness and the illusion of self-motion (i.e., vection) can be induced by moving visual scenes. The results of a previous study imply that motion sickness is primarily dependent on visual motion in foveal vision while vection is primarily dependent on motion in peripheral vision. HYPOTHESIS: It was hypothesized that similar motion sickness would be produced when tracking a single moving dot and a full screen of moving dots, but that vection would be greater when tracking multiple moving dots. METHOD: Sixteen subjects viewed moving images presented on a virtual reality head-mounted display. In one condition a single dot moved from left to right at 27 degrees x s(-1) over a distance of 18 degrees before returning instantly to its starting point. This motion was repeated continuously. In a second condition, five horizontal rows of dots, each 18 degrees apart, moved continuously across the screen at 27 degrees x s(-1); subjects were instructed to track each dot in the central row as it passed. RESULTS: In both conditions, there were nystagmic eye movements with an approximate amplitude of 18 degrees at 27 degrees x s(-1). Vection differed significantly between the two conditions, with more vection in the condition with five rows of dots. Subjects experienced motion sickness symptoms with both the single moving dot and the five rows of dots, with no significant difference in sickness between the two conditions. Subject ratings of motion sickness and vection were not correlated with each other in either of the two conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Motion sickness and vection can vary independently. Vection appears to be influenced by peripheral vision, as there was an increase in vection with full-field stimulation. Motion sickness induced by moving visual scenes may be influenced by foveal visual stimulation or by eye movements, as these were the same in both conditions.

Eye Movements↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Physical models of color vision].

Models of color vision are discussed on the basis of determining the difference between the signals of sensors of white (rods) and color (cones) vision. It was shown that the whole optical spectrum (RGB) can be obtained, provided only two and four types of sensors are used within a three-component model of color detection. The described models provide for comprehensive explanations to extensive experimental data on color vision.

Color Perception↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Electrophysiological parameters of the organ of vision in patients with breast cancer and lymphogranulomatosis receiving antineoplastic chemotherapy].

The study results show that changes in electrophysiological indices of the vision organ in patients with mammary gland cancer and lymphogranulamatosis, who are receiving a standard antitumoral chemotherapy, are related with a toxic action of chemotherapeutic preparations produced on the functional condition of the vision-and-nerve apparatus and, in particular, on the photoreceptors as well as on the internal nuclear retinal layer. It was recommended, for the sake of improving the life quality of oncology patients, to evaluate, on the basis of electrophysiological indices, changes occurring in the vision organ in the process of treatment of the main disease and to correlate the treatment scheme to the obtained data.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pathology of the organ of vision in chronic fatigue syndrome].

218 patients were examined and the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) was diagnosed in them on the basis of clinical-and-immunologic data. 126 somatically healthy persons of the same age and sex were in the control group. Vascular pathology of the vision organ was found in 153 (70.2%) persons, and dystrophic pathology was found in 115 (52.8%) persons. A combination of vascular and dystrophic pathologies of the vision organ was diagnosed in 46 (21.1%) patients. The detection of vision pathology in the CFS patients essentially exceeded the morbidity of similar pathology in the controls. No reliable differences of refraction anomalies were found between the CFS patients and the controls.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed2003

Practicing beautiful medicine beautifully: Hiram Curry's vision in the 21st century.

Hiram Curry's Vision and "Crossing the Quality Chasm" A generation after Hiram first spoke of "Practicing Beautiful Medicine Beautifully", with focus on medical science, understanding the patient and understanding the physician, his vision can be seen in the report's definition of quality care: "Good quality means providing patients with appropriate services in a technically competent manner, with good communication, shared decision-making, and cultural sensitivity." As we in medicine develop and adopt needed changes in the health care delivery, education, and financing systems we would do well to remember Hiram Curry's vision and strategies for "Practicing Beautiful Medicine Beautifully."

Family Practice↗
PubMed2003

From vision to action: hospitals for a healthy future.

As great as the American health care system is, it can be even better. America has a vision for health care that builds on its strength: competition in a free economy. In the American vision, physicians can focus on the quality of their care, not the quantity of their paperwork. The individual who chooses to work in health care, does so because he/she desires to keep people healthy. It is believed that the more information and choices people have, the healthier they are, therefore the vision is to give people more and better information and more choices so they can preserve and improve their health. The responsibility to keep Americans strong, healthy, and independent, should and does not stop at the water's edge as life and liberty are the fundamental birthright, not just of Americans, but of all mankind. Improving people's health, and in fact enlisting people in improving their own health and their families' health, is one of the greatest projects the international healthcare community can undertake. And the more choices and information people are given, the healthier they will be.

Community Health Planning↗