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PubMed2002

Hereditary pattern for dentinal dysplasia type Id: a case report.

Generalized pulpal calcifications arouse suspicion of diseases or conditions of systemic or hereditary origin. This case report describes a 45-year-old patient with generalized pulpal calcifications and bulging of the roots in areas corresponding to the pulp chambers in otherwise normal teeth. Similar findings were present in the patient's daughters and brother. This pattern of pulpal calcifications is consistent with the hereditary condition of dentinal dysplasia type Id.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Repair characteristics of root fractures in permanent anterior teeth.

A follow-up study was made of repaired root fractures in 51 permanent anterior teeth, with a mean observation period of 6 years. The material was subdivided into three repair types (Figs. 1-3): Type 1 - invisible or hardly discernible fracture line (15 teeth), Type 2 - fragments separated by a narrow radiolucent line and peripheral rounding of the fracture edges (33 teeth), and Type 3 - fragments separated by a distinct bony bridge (3 teeth). The majority of repaired teeth gave a normal or slightly decreased response to electric pulp tests and the mobility was physiologic or slightly increased. Reduced transparency or slight yellowish discoloration was observed in 14 teeth. The most conspicuous radiographic finding was pulp obliteration which occurred in 86%. Two different patterns were observed: (1) partial obliteration located in the apical fragments and the fracture area, and extending 0.5-4 mm into the coronal fragment, and (2) progressive obliteration of the entire pulp cavity ending with almost total obliteration. Pulp necrosis did not develop as a sequel to progressive obliteration in any case. Several different characteristics of the fracture influenced the repair pattern, the most important being the degree of fragment dislocation and mobility, stage of root development and localization of the fracture. Correlation between type of repair and various treatment procedures was observed only with regard to reduction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Long-term prognosis of traumatized permanent anterior teeth showing calcifying processes in the pulp cavity.

122 traumatized teeth with radiographic evidence of abnormal hard tissue formation in the pulp cavity were examined 10-23 years (mean 16 years) after the time of injury. Judged radiographically, partial obliteration (pulp chamber not discernible, root canal markedly narrowed but clearly visible) had occurred in 44 teeth (36%). Normal periradicular conditions were found in all teeth with partial obliteration. Seventy-eight teeth (64%) were recorded as totally obliterated. Pathologic periradicular changes indicating pulp necrosis as a sequel to the total obliteration was observed in 16 teeth (21%). The late development of pulp necrosis was significantly related to teeth classified as severely injured, and to teeth with complete root formation at the time of injury. Furthermore, a comparatively rapid progress of the calcifying process appeared to be correlated with periradicular radiolucency.

Dental Pulp Calcification↗
PubMed1993

Relationships between serial blood lead levels and exfoliated tooth dentin lead levels: models of tooth lead kinetics.

Because bones and permanent teeth accumulate lead, exfoliated deciduous teeth have been utilized as retrospective markers of cumulative exposure in epidemiological surveys. In this paper we describe four models of lead uptake by the coronal dentin of shed primary teeth, each with different assumptions and ramifications. Each model is characterized by different relationships between blood lead at several ages and tooth lead. Values observed in our cohort of normal Boston children are most compatible with models positing the largest lead contribution coming at older ages (i.e., closer to age at exfoliation). Characteristics of models incompatible with our data include (1) lead deposition only during initial calcification and (2) no loss or resorption of lead.

Dentin↗
PubMed1995

A comparison of radiographic and anatomical evidence of tooth development in infant apes.

This study assesses dental development in a sample of 8 known-age infant orangutans and chimpanzees in order to examine discrepancies between radiographic analyses of tooth development and the actual developing teeth. All crania were radiographed and any developing teeth then extracted for comparison. The height of deciduous teeth was measured both on the radiographs and on the extracted teeth to assess the accuracy of radiographic tooth measurements. A comparison between the radiographic and actual measurements of the deciduous teeth reveals substantial discrepancies. For permanent teeth, the degree of radiographic underestimation of tooth development was found to vary depending on the tooth being studied, its stage of development (early stages are particularly problematic) and the radiographic techniques used. Examination of the dissected teeth also revealed earlier times of onset of calcification for I2(2), C1(1), P3-4(3-4) and M2 than reported in previous studies. For the canine and M2(2), upper and lower homologues appear to begin development at different times, but there is no apparent difference in onset times between other upper and lower homologues.

Aging↗
PubMed2006

A sella turcica bridge in subjects with dental anomalies.

Calcification of the interclinoid ligament (ICL) of the sella turcica, or sella turcica bridging, has been associated with severe craniofacial deviations. Despite no comprehensive study on the sella turcica bridge, a relationship with tooth and eruption disturbances has been reported. In order to investigate whether congenital absence of the second mandibular premolar, or the presence of a palatally displaced canine (PDC), is associated with sella bridging, a retrospective study was performed. Lateral cephalometric radiographs from 20 males and 14 females, aged between 8 and 16 years, with a PDC and second mandibular premolar aplasia were reviewed and compared with a control group. A standardized scoring scale was established to quantify the extent of a sella turcica bridge from each radiograph (no calcification, partially calcified, and completely calcified). The prevalence of complete calcification of the ICL in adolescents with dental anomalies was equal to 17.6 per cent, while an incidence 9.9 per cent was found in the control group. A partially calcified sella turcica was observed in 58.8 per cent of adolescents with dental anomalies compared with 33.7 per cent in the control group. The association between the degree of calcification of the ICL and the presence of dental anomalies in the studied adolescents was statistically significant according to chi-square statistics (P = 0.004). This was confirmed by Fisher's exact test (P = 0.003). According to these findings, the prevalence of a sella turcica bridge in adolescents with dental anomalies is increased, while age and gender do not greatly influence ossification of the ICL. The very early appearance during development of a sella turcica bridge should alert clinicians to possible tooth anomalies in life later.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Fine structural and cytochemical observations on the dental epithelial cells during cap enameloid formation stages in Polypterus senegalus, a bony fish (Actinopterygii).

Tooth germs during cap enameloid formation stages in Polypterus senegalus were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and enzyme histo- and cytochemistry. Enameloid formation was divided into three stages: matrix formation, mineralization, and maturation. The enamel organ consisted of the inner dental epithelial cells, stellate reticulum, and outer dental epithelial cells during cap enameloid formation stages, but no stratum intermedium was found. During the matrix formation stage, the tall inner dental epithelial cells contained well-developed Golgi apparatus, abundant cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Spindle-shaped vesicles containing a filamentous structure were seen in the distal cytoplasm. During mineralization and maturation stages, many ACPase positive lysosomes were present in the cytoplasm, whereas the organelles were decreased in number. The infoldings of the distal plasma membrane of the inner dental epithelial cells were visible in the mineralization stage but were not marked in the maturation stage. The activity of nonspecific ALPase, Ca-ATPase, and K-NPPase was detected at the plasma membrane of the inner dental epithelial cells during the stages of mineralization and maturation. The results of fine structure and enzyme cytochemistry suggested that the dental epithelial cells were mainly involved in the degeneration and removal of enameloid matrix and in material transportation during the enameloid mineralization and maturation stages, rather than in the enameloid matrix formation. The results also showed that the structure of the dental epithelial cells in Polypterus was different from that in teleosts and gars, but that the function of the dental epithelial cells was similar to that in teleosts possessing well-mineralized cap enameloid.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Gaining access through a calcified pulp chamber: a clinical challenge.

Dental pulp is prone to dystrophic mineralization; this mineralization can be so extensive that the entire root canal system is obliterated. As a result, root canal treatment can become a difficult if not impossible task. This article presents the endodontic management of a tooth with an obliterated pulp chamber and associated with a discharging sinus in a teenage patient. The role of a calcium hydroxide lining to induce mineralization and cause the obliteration of the pulpal space is also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Replantation of avulsed teeth with immature root development.

Successful treatment of the avulsed tooth with immature root development is dependent on both pulpal and periodontal responses. The pulpal reaction is often one of revascularization with subsequent replacement of the necrotic pulp tissue. Continued root development and further calcification of the existing root structure are often seen with revitalization. The periodontal response to avulsion is dependent on the vitality of the periodontal ligament cells on the root surface. Normal healing occurs when the vitality is maintained, while replacement resorption results when the vitality is lost. Replantation after a short extra-alveolar period appears to provide the best prognosis for long-term retention of the avulsed tooth.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Tumour-like lesions in the femur with cementum-like material. Does a "cementoma" of long bone exist?

Five hundred and seventy nine juvenile bone cysts were analysed to evaluate the radiological and histological structures. Most of the juvenile bone cysts showed a typical appearance radiographically; histologically they had a cyst wall consisting of fibrous tissue without an epithelial lining. In many of these lesions newly formed bone trabeculae, granulation tissue, calcium deposits, and in some cases focal deposits of a homogeneous material resembling cementum of tooth were observed. In 28 lesions a well circumscribed, round focus was observed within the proximal femur or femoral neck radiologically, showing dense calcification with a small central radiolucency. In some cases, the intraosseous focus was almost solid without a cystic appearance. Histologically the unusual bone lesions consisted almost exclusively of calcified cementum devoid of cells. Lesions of this type were found exclusively in the proximal femur of patients between 47 and 56 years of age. Because of the radiological and histological appearance we would like to call this solid lesion "cementoma of long bones". Operative therapy is not necessary.

Adolescent↗