Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Textiles”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,747 records · Page 97Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Identification of indigoid dyes in natural organic pigments used in historical art objects by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

Pigments are among the most important components of historical paintings and textiles and their nature provides the unique character of color. They can be divided into two main groups: inorganic and organic, extracted from plants or animals. Their identification is a necessary stage in the conservation of art objects. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and UV/visible spectrophotometric methods were elaborated for the identification of indigoid (indigo, indirubin, isoindigo, isoindirubin) color components of natural dyestuffs and their natural or synthetic precursors (indican, isatin, indoxyl, 2-indolinone). ES-MS offers detection limits in the range 0.03-5.00 microg ml(-1) for the color compounds examined. The method developed made it possible to identify indigo and its isomers in genuine Indian indigo, indigo from woad and Tyrian Purple. It was applied to the identification of natural dyes on fiber from a 19th century Japanese tapestry, 'Cranes in the landscape'. A procedure based on freezing and grinding of a sample before the extraction of dyes from the textile was developed. The components of the extract obtained were identified after acidic hydrolysis as indigotin and methylene blue.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1996

[Changes in abdominal wall mechanics after mesh implantation. Experimental changes in mesh stability].

The use of biomaterials for incisional hernia markedly reduces the recurrence rates. Disadvantages are high rates of local wound complications and restriction of mobility by the rigid "shell". The abdominal wall mobility after mesh implantation is analysed for eight different mesh materials. The initial textile testing reveals relevant differences in structure with marked asymmetry in the different directions. The materials are implanted as inlay in rats for 3, 7, 14, 21 and 90 days. The deformation of the abdominal wall following intraabdominal pressure of 0-70 mmHg (0-9.81 kPa) is documented by 3D-photogrammetry, the tensile strength by tearing of excised strips of mesh. Three commercial available materials and two laboratory modifications lead independently of their textile characteristics to a marked restriction of the rounded configuration of the abdominal wall. The tensile strength exceeds by far the physiologically necessary value of 16 N/cm. Three newly developed meshes made of multifilament polypropylene with reduced amounts of material (21% and 28% relative to Marlex) lead to no restriction of the abdominal wall configuration yet have uncompromised stability. It might be possible to reduce the rate of local wound complications by the use of these newly developed meshes.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1982

Community study of spontaneous abortions: relation to occupation and air pollution by sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon disulfide.

Spontaneous abortions were analyzed in an industrial community in Finland in relation to the occupation of women and their husbands, and to the level of air pollution in the family's residential area. Information on abortions and births was obtained from the hospital discharge register; information on the women and their families was obtained from the files of the population and housing census. Women who were employed in rayon textile jobs and paper products jobs had an increased rate (P less than 0.10) of spontaneous abortions; the wives of men employed in transport and communication, in rayon textile jobs, and in chemical process jobs also had an increased rate of spontaneous abortions. In material stratified for age, parity, and socioeconomic class no evidence was found that the level of sulfur dioxide or carbon disulfide could be associated with a risk of spontaneous abortions. More spontaneous abortions were noted in all socioeconomic classes in areas where the mean annual level of hydrogen sulfide exceeded 4 micrograms m-3. However, the difference (total rates 7.6 and 9.3, respectively) was not significant statistically.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1982

[Treatment of inveterate knee ligament lesions with alloplastic material (author's transl)].

Early surgical treatment of a complex instability of the knee joint is not always possible. Even the autologous ligament graft indicated in such a case is not always successful. Furthermore, there is often a lack of autologous material due to previous operations. A textile polyester ligament, developed at the BG-Unfallklinik in Frankfurt, was used since August 1980 in order to perform corrective plastic surgery in eleven patients suffering from a chronical rotation instability repeatedly operated upon. The various problems connected with this method are mentioned: structure and shape, tissue tolerance, lasting stability, durable and solid fixation of the implant. The results are classified according to different criteria and compared to those of autologous ligament grafts. The "very good" results achieved with alloplastic material are due to the better stability. Therefore the application of textile synthetic ligaments can possibly reduce the well-known problems of corrective surgical interventions only feasible by means of grafts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Alloplastic reconstruction of the ligament of the knee in chronic rotation instabilities--technics and results].

During the years from 1980 through 1985, 23 patients with chronic rotation instabilities of the knee joint underwent alloplastic reconstruction of the knee ligament system at the Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main. Twenty out of these patients could be checked up after an observation period of more than four years. The examinations showed that in 90% of the patients an essentially improved ligament stability was achieved by the surgical intervention. The use of a textile strip made of polyethyleneterephtalate (Trevira hochfest type 730) affords a significantly better ligament stability than the application of autologous pedicle and free tissue grafts. This is especially true with respect to the alloplastic substitution of cruciate ligaments. Nevertheless the indication for alloplastic ligament prosthesis should still be subject to severe precautions. Actually we consider this method as indicated in patients having undergone repeated unsuccessful operations of the knee ligament in whom there is not - or no longer - enough autogenous tissue of sufficient quality. A precise implantation at the designated site as well as a stable fixation are necessary for the durable stability of the alloplastic ligament prosthesis. It is very important to observe the technique especially developed for this purpose, but the maintenance of function and stability is the decisive point. After having used textile synthetic ligaments (Trevira hochfest type 730) for about five years, our examination results suggest that the known problems of chronic rotation instability can be considerably reduced by applying this technique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Online LC-MS-MS process monitoring for optimization of biological treatment of wastewater containing azo dye concentrates.

A biological high-performance treatment process comprising two 40-L reactor compartments has been developed for purification and decoloration of concentrated textile wastewater containing up to 15 g L(-1) reactive dyestuff. The decoloration rate of 95% meets the requirements of German legislation for textile wastewater treatment. Successful process development and optimization was achieved by use of high-performance liquid chromatography, with diode-array and electrospray tandem mass spectrometric (LC-ESI-MS-MS) detection, coupled with inline microfiltration membrane-sampling devices, applied online to bioreactors as a process analytical tool for the first time. The optimum process performance was found by correlation of dye and decoloration product-specific concentrations with summary properties such as redox potential and dissolved oxygen content. Details of the degradation and decoloration mechanism for the azo dye reactive black 5 was revealed by using mass spectrometry for structure elucidation.

Azo Compounds↗
PubMed2006

Non-destructive analysis of museum objects by fibre-optic Raman spectroscopy.

Raman spectroscopy is a versatile technique that has frequently been applied for the investigation of art objects. By using mobile Raman instrumentation it is possible to investigate the artworks without the need for sampling. This work evaluates the use of a dedicated mobile spectrometer for the investigation of a range of museum objects in museums in Scotland, including antique Egyptian sarcophagi, a panel painting, painted surfaces on paper and textile, and the painted lid and soundboard of an early keyboard instrument. The investigations of these artefacts illustrate some analytical challenges that arise when analysing museum objects, including fluorescing varnish layers, ambient sunlight, large dimensions of artefacts and the need to handle fragile objects with care. Analysis of the musical instrument (the Mar virginals) was undertaken in the exhibition gallery, while on display, which meant that interaction with the public and health and safety issues had to be taken into account. Experimental set-up for the non-destructive Raman spectroscopic investigation of a textile banner in the National Museums of Scotland.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Prior exposure of the entrance wound region from clothing is uncommon in firearm suicides.

According to an old rule still in use, gunshot suicides will rarely shoot through the clothing but will pull it aside to bare the skin. Thus, a bullet defect in the clothing would be an indicator for homicide or an accident. A total of 138 clearly defined gunshot suicides were analysed with regard to this topic. The thorax, which is commonly covered by textile, was the target for 27 suicides (19.5%). Of these 27 persons, 25 had fired through the clothing and 2 had placed the muzzle directly on the exposed skin, which represents a relative frequency of only 7%. Special features such as thick clothing or an affected state of mind did not appear to influence this behavior. Consequently, the perforation of textile does not suggest homicide or an accident - it is not applicable as a criterion for distinguishing different modes of death. Only in the rare cases when a gunshot victim is found with intact clothing covering the entrance wound can this finding be interpreted as an indication for suicide.

Clothing↗
PubMed2003

A case-control study of occupational exposures and systemic sclerosis.

OBJECTIVES: A case-control study was conducted in Verona, Italy, to assess the relationship between occupation, occupational exposures and systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS: Fifty-five cases (46 female and nine male) and 171 controls were recruited. Interviews provided work histories, including job titles, industry and likelihood of occupational exposure to silica, hand-arm vibration, organic solvents, and other chemicals. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated. RESULTS: Female teachers (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.2-10.1) and textile workers (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.0-4.6) were at an increased risk of SSc. Compared with those never exposed, age-adjusted and gender-adjusted ORs were 2.3 (95% CI 1.0-5.4) among subjects exposed to organic solvents, 2.5 (95% CI 0.8-8.0) for exposure to selected chemicals, 1.7 (95% CI 0.4-7.6) for exposure to silica, and 1.5 (95% CI 0.5-4.8) for usage of vibrating tools. When data analysis was stratified according to gender, only men showed a significant increase in risk for exposure to solvents and selected chemicals. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study tend to support the role of organic solvents and certain chemicals in SSc causation. The association with teaching and working in the textile industry suggests that other exposures are involved in the aetiology of SSc among women. However, because of the small number of subjects, particularly in stratified analyses, chance cannot be ruled out as an explanation of some findings of this study.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Precoating of alloplastic materials with living human fibroblasts--a feasibility study.

BACKGROUND: The use of alloplastic materials such as polypropylene and polyester has reduced the recurrence of abdominal wall hernias. Concomitantly, new problems have arisen such as inflammatory response against the implanted material and the development of enteric fistulas in case of direct contact of the bowel to polypropylene and polyester. A precoating of the PP with collagen and other absorbable materials seems to reduce the incidence of adhesions and fistulas. The aim of this study was to show the technical feasibility of a precoating of polypropylene with living human fibroblasts and to investigate the growth properties of the cells under these conditions in vitro. METHODS: The textile structure of three different alloplastic materials is described (SurgiPro), TycoHealthcare; Parietene3 PP1510, Dallhausen; VIPRO II, Ethicon Endosurgery). Enhanced Green Fluorescence Protein (EGFP) transduced human foreskin fibroblasts (KiF5) were seeded onto these different alloplastic materials. Proliferation was analyzed by FACS analysis of Ki67 expression. The coating process of the whole mesh area was observed over time with UV-light microscopy, immunostaining, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The expression of collagen type I and III was investigated by immunostaining. RESULTS: The three alloplastic materials used were knitted fabrics with different textile structures. KiF5 colonized the entire alloplastic material within 4-6 weeks. Cells were proliferating, as detected by Ki67 expression. SEM showed surface ruffles and long cellular extensions, indicating an active cell metabolism. Light microscopy and SEM suggested that the cells modify the apolar surface by deposition of extracellular matrix components before colonization. CONCLUSION: Our study shows the feasibility of precoating of polypropylene meshes with living human fibroblasts and opens the possibility for clinical use in the future.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed2001

Elasticity of the anterior abdominal wall and impact for reparation of incisional hernias using mesh implants.

Mesh implantation to repair incisional hernia involves extensive disturbance of the integrity of the abdominal wall. To define the physiological requirements, we measured the elasticity of the abdominal wall of 14 anatomic samples. The complete abdominal wall was excised and stretched at a strain of 0-24 N in horizontal, vertical and oblique (upper and lower abdomen) directions. The resulting mean distension at 16 N was in the range between 11% and 32% for all directions. Furthermore, we found significant differences between tissue samples from male and female subjects, as well as considerable inter-individual differences in each group. Textile analysis of common mesh materials at 16 N showed elasticities in the range of 4%-16%. Comparing the textile characteristics with the physiological elasticity revealed inadequate properties in at least some of the mesh materials. Our findings indicate that the flexibility of the abdominal wall must be more or less restricted by extensive implantation of large meshes and recurrences may possibly be provoked at the margins of implanted materials.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1993

Myeloid leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes: chemical exposure, histologic subtype and cytogenetics in a case-control study.

We conducted a case control study of 50 acute myeloid leukemias (AML), 17 chronic myeloid leukemias (CML), 19 myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and 246 controls. The cases were classified according to the French-American-British (FAB) classification, and chromosome aberrations were recorded according to the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature. Exposure to suspected leukemogenic agents was assessed blindly by an industrial hygienist. Increased risks were noted for mechanics, welders, electricians, and drivers among men and among farmers and textile workers among women. Increased SMRs for leukemias in a census-based cohort study conducted in the same area (Torino) were previously reported for electricians and drivers among men and for textile workers among women. We detected nonstatistically significant increased relative risks for exposure to benzene (odds ratio, OR = 1.7), petrol refining products (1.9), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (1.7), and electromagnetic fields (1.6) in men; in women, a statistically significant association with exposure to pesticides was detected [OR = 4.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7-11.5]. Although exposure to pesticides was confined to AML, MDS cases included a high proportion of subjects exposed to benzene and electromagnetic fields. No particular histologic subtype of AML was associated with chemical exposures except for that of pesticides with the M4 category. Chromosome aberrations were not associated with chemical exposures (OR = 1.0), but a nonstatistically significant excess was noted in association with electromagnetic fields (OR = 2.1).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Performance of combined process of anoxic baffled reactor-biological contact oxidation treating printing and dyeing wastewater.

A study of the treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater was carried out using the combined process of anoxic baffled reactor-biological contact oxidation. The results showed the pH ascended continuously and the oxidation-reduction potential dropped gradually from compartment 1-6 in ABR. When hydraulic retention time was 12h, color removal efficiency was 92% and the color of effluent of ABR could satisfy the professional emission standard (grade-1) of textile and dyeing industry of China. The total COD removal efficiency of the combined process was 86.6% and the COD of effluent could satisfy the professional emission standard (grade-2) of textile and dyeing industry of China.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed2005

Selection of an electrolyte to enhance the electrochemical decolourisation of indigo. Optimisation and scale-up.

The investigation presented here focussed on the electrochemical decolourisation of a commercial, textile indigo dye, in an undivided electrochemical cell using graphite electrodes. The decolourisation values obtained employing halide salts--sodium chloride, potassium bromide and potassium iodide--and a reductive agent--sodium meta-bisulphite--as electrolytes are higher than those attained when no electrolyte was used. The highest decolourisation value at a low level of electric power consumption was obtained with sodium chloride. Besides, this electrolyte is usually found in the coloured wastewaters of textile industry. Thus, a detailed study was carried out to determine the influence of electrolyte--sodium chloride--and dye concentration on the efficiency of the process expressed in terms of energy consumption and extension of the decolourisation reaction. The scale-up of the treatment with sodium chloride was satisfactorily tested in a 20 l cell.

Color↗
PubMed2006

Electrochemical degradation applied to the metabolites of Acid Orange 7 anaerobic biotreatment.

The electrochemical oxidation of the biotic degradation products of the textile dye C.I. Acid Orange 7 (AO7) was achieved using a boron doped diamond electrode (BDD). Tests were performed with model solutions of the biotic degradation products, sulphanilic acid (SA) and 1-amino-2-naphthol (AN), and also with real effluents obtained in experiments carried out in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, fed with a simulated textile effluent containing AO7, working in mesophilic or thermophilic conditions. Bulk electrolysis was studied using two different supporting electrolytes - NaCl and Na(2)SO(4). The influence of initial metabolite concentration and current density on the electrodegradation rates of the biotic products was investigated. For the UASB effluents, oxidation tests were carried out for different electrolytes and at different current densities. Samples were collected at pre-selected intervals and absorbance measurements, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) tests and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis were performed. Results have shown an almost complete elimination of the persistent pollutants and a COD removal higher than 70% for both AN and SA. For the UASB effluents, COD removals between 45% and 90% and TOC removals varying from 19% to 41% were obtained.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

Determination of chlorinated toluenes in raw and treated water samples from the Llobregat river by closed loop stripping analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection.

A study of the occurrence of chlorinated toluenes in Llobregat river (NE Spain) has been carried out. These compounds are currently being used in local textile industries as dye carriers and have replaced the common trichlorobenzene mixtures. Closed loop stripping analysis (CLSA), routinely used to monitor the quality of river water for a broad range of volatile compounds, has been employed as an analytical tool to determine them at ng/L levels in wastewater and textile industry effluents and also in raw and treated water from two drinking water treatment plants situated in the river course. The CLSA extracts were analyzed by HRGC/MS. Ring halogenated dichloro- and, to a lesser extent, mono- and trichlorotoluenes have been identified. These compounds have not been reported to our knowledge as common water pollutants.

Fresh Water↗
PubMed2004

Damage caused to fibres by vapour cloud explosions.

Research on the very specific damage to single textile fibres caused by vapour cloud explosions is presented. Vapour cloud explosion experiments were carried out using a selection of 41 garments differing in colour, fibre composition and textile construction. Fibres subjected to a vapour cloud explosion become wider at the end, often taking the form of a ball, bulb or shovel, while the morphological structure of the remaining part of the fibre remains almost unchanged. The presented results can clearly indicate that an explosion took place at the scene of the crime. The authors would like to be able to provide investigators with specific information on how to link clothes (and thus people) to a specific type of crime.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Yarn design for functional tissue engineering.

Tissue engineering requires the ability to design scaffolds with mechanical properties similar to those of the native tissue. Here, B. mori silk yarns are used as a model system to demonstrate the potential benefits and drawbacks of several textile methods used to fabricate tissue engineering scaffolds. Fibers are plied, twisted, cabled, braided, and/or textured to form several geometries with a wide range of mechanical outcomes. Predictable changes in ultimate tensile strength and stiffness are demonstrated following processing and as a function of test environment. The mechanical effects of increasing turns per inch and combining groups of fibers into higher-order yarn structures are demonstrated. Braids, one of the most commonly used textile structures, are shown to be limited by a change in stiffness following the locking-angle and therefore, potentially not the ideal structure for tissue engineering. Cabled yarns appear to allow the most flexibility in mechanical outcomes with a highly organized geometry. Twisted yarns, while more economical than cabled yarns, result in a higher stiffness and lower percent elongation at break than cabled yarns.

Animals↗