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At least 1,747 records · Page 97Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

The Jukes of Van Diemen's land? or, a Tasmanian problem family.

A longitudinal survey into the membership distribution of a Tasmanian family is described. A search of most available sources was made to establish the full name and relationship of everyone with that family name born or landed in the colony since 1803. Over 450 names were collected and a family tree constructed containing, to date, 285 of the names. To begin with, research was based on the idea that this family was unchanged by time and formed a large homogenous group, potentially hopeless and difficult to help. The problem members were identified from social and other records and were found to form only a small proportion of the whole. None of the social agencies, private or State, corrective or remedial, helping or educational, had a true idea of the size of this family group or of the validity of their ideas about the constituent family members. This preliminary study suggests that most of their present ideas are incorrect, and are founded on honest but false impressions.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1996

Bone lead levels and delinquent behavior.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between body lead burden and social adjustment. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Public school community. PARTICIPANTS: From a population of 850 boys in the first grade at public schools, 503 were selected on the basis of a risk scale for antisocial behavior. All of the 850 boys who scored in the upper 30th percentile of the distribution on a self-reported antisocial behavior scale were matched with an equal number drawn by lot from the lower 70% of the distribution. From this sample, 301 students accepted the invitation to participate. EXPOSURE MEASURE: K x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy of tibia at subjects' age of 12 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), teachers' and parents' reports, and subjects' self-report of antisocial behavior and delinquency at 7 and 11 years of age. RESULTS: Subjects, teachers, and parents were blind to the bone lead measurements. At 7 years of age, borderline associations between teachers' aggression, delinquency, and externalizing scores and lead levels were observed after adjustment for covariates. At 11 years of age, parents reported a significant lead-related association with the following CBCL cluster scores: somatic complaints and delinquent, aggressive, internalizing, and externalizing behavior. Teachers reported significant associations of lead with somatic complaints, anxious/depressed behavior, social problems, attention problems, and delinquent, aggressive, internalizing, and externalizing behavior. High-lead subjects reported higher scores in subjects' self-reports of delinquency at 11 years. High-lead subjects were more likely to obtain worse scores on all items of the CBCL during the 4-year period of observation. High bone lead levels were associated with an increased risk of exceeding the clinical score (T > 70) for attention, aggression, and delinquency. CONCLUSION: Lead exposure is associated with increased risk for antisocial and delinquent behavior, and the effect follows a developmental course.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sociodemographic features related to violent behavior in schizophrenia].

INTRODUCTION: It has been proposed that some sociodemographic variables may predict violent behavior in schizophrenic patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of violent behavior with sociodemographic and clinical features in schizophrenic patients. METHOD: We included 106 schizophrenic patients. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of each patient were recorded in a previously designed record. Violent behaviors were assessed with the Overt Aggression Scale (OAS). RESULTS: From the total sample, 49.1 % of the patients were classified as violent. Marital status, alcohol abuse, number of previous psychiatric hospitalizations and age of first hospitalization were predictive variables for violent behavior in schizophrenia. DISCUSSION: Predictive sociodemographic variables for violence in schizophrenia are easy to measure during the first interview with the patient and can be useful for the prevention of future violence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Inattentive and hyperactive behaviors and driving offenses in adolescence.

OBJECTIVE: The associations between symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder, anxiety, or depression and no disorder in relation to driving offenses were examined in 916 adolescents. METHOD: Self-report and parent report were used to assess a birth cohort of New Zealand adolescents' mental health status at age 15 years. Adolescents who scored 1.5 SD above the mean on the DSM-III total ADHD symptom scale were identified as reporting significant ADHD symptomatology. Self-report data and official traffic conviction records were used to identify adolescents who had committed driving offenses between ages 15 and 18 years. RESULTS: ADHD symptomatology and conduct disorder were strongly associated with driving offenses. ADHD symptomatology in females was significantly associated with driving offenses and more traffic crashes compared with other disorder or no disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents with a history of ADHD and conduct problems are significantly more likely than their peers to commit traffic offenses. Research in ADHD and risky driving should include female adolescents, as those with attentional difficulties are at a high risk for being involved in traffic crashes than females who do not experience attentional difficulties.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Behaviors as risk factors for rehospitalization: implications for predicting and preventing admissions among the seriously mentally ill.

This case-control study investigated the extent to which aberrant behaviors, in contrast to more traditional clinical factors (such as symptoms and alcohol abuse), place individuals with schizophrenia at increased risk for rehospitalization. One hundred and one recidivists (cases) were matched to 101 non-recidivists (controls) on gender, race, and time since index hospitalization. Key informants, usually family members, were interviewed to assess behaviors during a 2-week period. After controlling for possible confounding variables, we found that each aberrant behavior increased the risk for rehospitalization, but highly disruptive or dangerous behaviors (such as threatening others, acting very bizarrely, or attempting suicide) conveyed a markedly high degree of risk (adjusted odds ratio = 83.9). It is possible that service providers may be able to avert the fiscal and emotional cost of hospitalization by collaborating more closely with family members to identify these behaviors and intervene before hospitalization becomes unavoidable.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behavior: confirmatory factor analysis.

We tested the factorial stability of the Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behavior (Reiss, 1988a, The Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behavior test manual). Reasonable fit was demonstrated in a geographically diverse sample of 448 individuals with mild, moderate, severe and profound mental retardation according to four measures of overall fit: RMSEA, ECVI, NNFI, and NFI. The results confirm Reiss' (1988a) factor solution of this widely used dual diagnosis (mental retardation and mental illness) screening instrument.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A Dutch version of the Psychopathology Inventory for Mentally Retarded Adults (PIMRA).

Eighty-nine mildly mentally retarded adults were assessed using the Psychopathology Inventory for Mentally Retarded Adults (PIMRA). This study reports on the psychometric properties of the PIMRA in a Dutch population, the correlation between self-report and ratings-by-others forms, and the relationship of the PIMRA to both behavior problems and subject characteristics. It was revealed that internal consistency was good for both forms on total scores but modest for most of the subscales. Furthermore, interrater reliability was low to modest. Both forms of the PIMRA showed good criterion validity. The correlation between the two forms was modest. A strong relationship was found between PIMRA scores and behavior problems, as measured using the Reiss Screen of Maladaptive Behavior. Furthermore, the relationship between PIMRA scores and subject characteristics was weak.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Socialization and behavioral problems of elementary school pupils with developmental coordination disorder.

The present study examined the role of the developmental coordination disorder in 154 children's socialization and the expression of deviant behaviors in the context of Greek primary education. For assessment of their motor coordination, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children of Henderson and Sugden was used. The peer nomination method (sociogram) was used for the estimation of children's social status, and the expression of deviant behaviors was assessed via Conners' Teacher Questionnaire. Analyses showed that developmental coordination disorder was associated with poor socialization and the expression of deviant behaviors. These findings support the development of educational programs to include children with poor motor coordination.

Child↗
PubMed2006

Peer influence and gender differences in problematic cannabis use among individuals with social anxiety.

Despite epidemiological reports indicating that individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) are at heightened risk for cannabis use disorders (CUD), there is a dearth of research investigating the mechanisms underlying the nature of this co-occurrence. The present study examined the role of a well-established risk factor for cannabis use, peer influence, on the relationship between symptoms of SAD and CUD in a non-referred sample (N = 123). Lifetime symptoms of SAD and CUD were assessed using a structured diagnostic interview. SAD symptoms were significantly correlated with CUD symptoms and this relationship was moderated by peer use of both alcohol and cannabis. Further, a gender effect indicated that the relationship between symptoms of SAD and CUD occurred only in women. Implications of these novel findings are discussed.

Adult↗