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At least 1,747 records · Page 97Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Visual Fixation Patterns during Reciprocal Social Interaction Distinguish a Subgroup of 6-Month-Old Infants At-Risk for Autism from Comparison Infants.

Thirty-one infant siblings of children with autism and 24 comparison infants were tested at 6 months of age during social interaction with a caregiver, using a modified Still Face paradigm conducted via a closed-circuit TV-video system. In the Still Face paradigm, the mother interacts with the infant, then freezes and displays a neutral, expressionless face, then resumes interaction. Eye tracking data on infant visual fixation patterns were recorded during the three episodes of the experiment. Using a hierarchical cluster analysis, we identified a subgroup of infants demonstrating diminished gaze to the mother's eyes relative to her mouth during the Still Face episode. Ten out of the 11 infants in this subgroup had an older sibling with autism.

Affect↗
PubMed2005

Infant directed speech in natural interaction--Norwegian vowel quantity and quality.

An interactive face-to-face setting is used to study natural infant directed speech (IDS) compared to adult directed speech (ADS). With distinctive vowel quantity and vowel quality, Norwegian IDS was used in a natural quasi-experimental design. Six Norwegian mothers were recorded over a period of 6 months alone with their infants and in an adult conversation. Vowel duration and spectral attributes of the vowels /a:/, /i:/ and /u:/, and their short counterparts /a/ /i/ and /u/ were analysed. Repeated measures analyses show that effects of vowel quantity did not differ between ADS and IDS, and for back vowel qualities, the vowel space was shifted upwards in IDS compared to ADS suggesting that fronted articulations in natural IDS may visually enhance speech to infants.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Intralesional interferon alfa-2b for the treatment of genital warts.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study has been conducted, and intralesional interferon alfa-2b was tested in the treatment of genital warts. This study design was to give 1 million units interferon alfa-2b intralesionally into the base of each of five external genital warts per patient, on a Monday-Wednesday-Friday treatment schedule for 3 weeks (total of nine injections). Forty-two patients were entered (20 randomized to receive interferon and 22 placebo injections). There were 43.8% of patients on the interferon treatment arm of the double-blind portion of the study who had complete disappearance of all warts, with an additional 25% of patients showing greater than 50% shrinkage of visible warts. On the placebo arm 14.3% showed a complete response, with an additional 14.3% showing greater than 50% shrinkage. This difference between interferon and placebo treatment was statistically significant (p less than 0.03). We conclude that intralesional interferon alfa-2b has significant activity in the treatment of genital warts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

An ethology-based catalogue of facial/vocal behaviour in infancy.

The ethological approach is suggested as a fruitful research strategy in the study of how infants express emotions. This approach led to the development of a large catalogue of facial/vocal behaviour which was used in the systematic observation of 75 girl and boy infants, who in the last quarter of the first year of life were placed in a series of standardized laboratory situations. Each of the 42 facial expressions contained in the catalogue is precisely defined according to the expressive elements of the brow, eyes, mouth and other facial regions. The vocalizations are also operationally defined. The possible ways that the facial expressions and vocalizations could be combined in the expression of emotional behaviour in infants are discussed.

Crying↗
PubMed1983

The use of nonverbal pragmatic behaviors by language-impaired and normal-speaking children.

The use of six nonverbal pragmatic behaviors was investigated for three groups of subjects. The experimental group (LI) consisted of 20 language-impaired children who were in stages III and IV of linguistic development. One control group (NSY) consisted of 20 normal-speaking children equated with the experimental group on the basis of mean length of utterance. Another control group (NSO) consisted of 20 normal-speaking children equated with the experimental group by chronologic age. The NSY were younger, whereas the NSO were of the same age as the LI. Two individuals observed each child and a peer playing with toys and recorded the presence of the six behaviors for each subject. The LI and the NSY and the NSO did not differ significantly for five behaviors. Play was the only behavior that distinguished the groups. The clinical implications of the results are discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1978

Dental esthetics and the golden proportion.

A system of esthetic predictions is described that has been used since antiquity. The naturalness of the system is emphasized by showing examples from nature and how artists and designers use it. The application of this system to dental esthetics is facilitated by the description and inclusion of a dental grid for the anterior esthetic segment.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1981

Margin placement of esthetic veneer crowns. Part I: Anterior tooth visibility.

The visibility of anterior teeth was studied in a population of 425 subjects. Scoring photographic data gave the percentages of anterior teeth that would not show a crown margin if it were placed in incisal, middle, or gingival sections. The results of this study indicate: their anterior teeth which would not show unless the lips were retracted.

Crowns↗
PubMed1991

Vertical dimension: a dynamic concept based on facial form and oropharyngeal function.

Craniofacial vertical dimension is a more accurate measure of facial proportion than mere measurement of the mid and lower part of the face. Craniomaxillary dimension is skeletally determined, whereas facial height of the lower part of the face is partly dependent on the vertical dimension of occlusion. Alterations in the vertical dimension of occlusion can dramatically affect the esthetics of the soft facial tissue. The "Golden Proportion" quantitatively defines ideal measured relationships and encourages a scientific appreciation of beauty. Faces with deficiencies in lower facial balance (brachyfacial) often exhibit insufficient height of the occlusal plane. The scientific literature has suggested a pliability of skeletal muscle allowing for physiologic variance in vertical facial height. Temporomandibular joint compliance is demonstrated with elevations in resting muscle length. Facial balance and location of the occlusal planes are the primary determinants for establishing an appropriate vertical dimension of occlusion.

Electromyography↗
PubMed1990

The effect of intralesional interferon gamma on basal cell carcinomas.

This open label study evaluated the effect of nine intralesional injections of two different doses of interferon gamma on basal cell carcinomas in 29 patients. One group of 15 patients received interferon gamma, 0.01 mg (20,000 IU), intralesionally three times a week for 3 weeks. Fourteen patients received interferon gamma, 0.05 mg (100,000 IU), intralesionally in the same dosage schedule. Excisional biopsy specimens 12 weeks after therapy showed no evidence of tumor remaining in 7 of 14 patients (50%) treated with the higher dose of interferon gamma, whereas only 1 of 15 patients (7%) treated with low-dose interferon gamma was cured according to histologic criteria (p = 0.025). Seventy-six percent of patients reported at least one adverse reaction, but most were considered mild by the patient and the investigator.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Intralesional interferon therapy for basal cell carcinoma.

In a clinical trial of 172 patients at four medical centers, interferon alfa-2b (1.5 x 10(6) IU) or a placebo was injected directly into biopsy-proved noduloulcerative or superficial basal cell carcinomas three times weekly for 3 weeks, for a cumulative dose of 13.5 million IU. Efficacy of treatment was determined at 16 to 20 weeks by examination of biopsy specimens that demonstrated cure of lesions in 86% of interferon-treated patients and in only 29% of placebo-treated patients. During the treatment course and follow-up, an initial inflammatory response was observed at the treatment sites, followed by diminished erythema, improvement in overall appearance, and a decrease in size of lesions. Side effects of treatment, mainly flu-like symptoms, were usually mild and transient and occurred more commonly in the interferon-treated group. Only three patients, all in the interferon-treated group, discontinued therapy because of side effects. One year after initiation of therapy, 81% of interferon recipients and 20% of those given the placebo remained tumor free. Noduloulcerative and superficial lesions were equally responsive to treatment with interferon. For some patients with noduloulcerative or superficial basal cell carcinomas, intralesional interferon alfa-2b may be an alternative, effective treatment.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed2005

Pulsed electromagnetic fields stimulation affects osteoclast formation by modulation of osteoprotegerin, RANK ligand and macrophage colony-stimulating factor.

Electromagnetic stimulation has been documented to treat recalcitrant problems of musculoskeletal system. Yet, the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. In this study, we investigated effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) with parameters modified from clinical bone growth stimulator on osteoclast formation, bone resorption, and cytokines associated with osteoclastogenesis. Marrow cells were harvested from both femora and tibiae of 6 week-old mice and cultured in 8-well chamber slides or 16-well calcium phosphate apatite-coated multitest slides. After 1-day incubation, marrow cells were exposed to PEMF at different electric field intensities for 2h/day and continued for 9 days. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of NFkappaB-ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) concentrations of each group were determined after PEMF stimulation. Osteoclast identity was confirmed by both tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stain and bone resorption assay. A statistically significant increase and decrease of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption areas were found when exposed to PEMF with different intensities. Besides, consistent correlations among OPG, RANKL, M-CSF, osteoclast numbers, and bone resorption after exposure to different intensities of PEMF were observed. These data demonstrated that PEMF with different intensities could regulate osteoclastogenesis, bone resorption, OPG, RANKL, and M-CSF concentrations in marrow culture system.

Animals↗